William Shakespeare. Began by overthrowing the Roman Monarchy Government headed by two consuls, elected by the citizens and advised by the senate.

THE TRAGEDY OF JULIUS CAESAR

William Shakespeare

The Roman Republic (509 BC-27C)

Began by overthrowing the Roman Monarchy

Government headed by two consuls, elected by the citizens and advised by the senate

Three separate branches (Legislative, Senate, and Consuls)

Public offices were only held for one year so that no individual wielded absolute power.

The Course of an Empire: Destruction

Gracchus brothers introduced reform measures to help the poor and limit senators’ power.

Angry senators and sympathizers rioted and killed both the Gracchi.

Violence became the primary tool of Roman politics.

Because violence was important, Gaius Marius worked to strengthen the Roman army.

The Course of an Empire: Destruction

Leaders began recruiting their own armies, loyal to themselves rather than to Roman government

Lucius Sulla raised an army to gain power and control Rome.

Sulla marched his loyal legions on Rome, starting a civil war between his army and that of the senate.

Upon victory, Sulla was named dictator, thus, technically, ending the Roman Republic.

Julius Caesar (100 BC-March 15, 44 BC) The Roman Republic was never restored, but

never fully abolished. In 60 BC, Caesar helped form a dominant

alliance Also known as the first Triumvirate Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey

The Republic favored Pompey but his army was weaker and Caesar stormed the city unopposed.

Once all political rivals were defeated, Caesar was named the Dictator of Rome. He hand picked members of the senate He decided, personally, which laws would be passed

Caesar’s Popularity

Caesar was well liked and respected by many

Within the Triumvirate, Caesar created legislation to redistribute land specifically for the poor.

Caesar was a great military leader His military conquests expanded Rome a

great deal.

Roman Empire 44BC

Roman Vocabulary

Tribunes & Plebeians Tribunes: wealthy, government officials Plebeians: commoners

Ides of March Romans did not number the days The Nones (1st or 7th) The Ides (13th or 15th) The Kalends (1st of the following month)

William Shakespeare (Julius Caesar)

Written in 1599 It’s not about the character, Julius Caesar, but

about his assassination and the conspirators. Contains a handful of deviations from Plutarch. Emphasis on Rhetoric

Ethos- A form or argument using position of power or celebrity to appeal

Pathos- A form or argument using emotional appeal such as fear, desire or anger.

Logos- A form or argument based on logic or facts

Terms to Know

Monologue -Long speech spoken while other characters are on stage (long – not necessarily true thoughts)

Soliloquy- Long speech spoken alone on stage – perhaps to/toward audience (long – true thoughts)

Aside- short speech spoken to audience, other characters can’t hear it. (short – true thoughts)