Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH WiLDSI 3 open access DSI scenarios “Science-based solutions for Digital Sequence Information (DSI) in preparation for COP 15” „Wissenschaftsbasierte Lösungsansätze für Digitale Sequenzinformation (DSI)“ Dr. Amber Hartman Scholz, Deputy to the Director Dr. Jens Freitag, Head of Managing Office
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Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
WiLDSI 3 open access DSI scenarios “Science-based solutions for Digital Sequence Information (DSI) in preparation for COP 15” „Wissenschaftsbasierte Lösungsansätze für Digitale Sequenzinformation (DSI)“
Dr. Amber Hartman Scholz, Deputy to the Director Dr. Jens Freitag, Head of Managing Office
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
The story begins with a registered collection
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
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Waiting list No answer Answer Bounced email
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We wrote to every country in the ABS-CH
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Survey of academic research projects after 2014
• Short survey of 20 institutes involved in biodiversity research
• 40 projects • 23 countries • Average:
• 3 year project length • 65,000 Eur
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
The Nagoya Protocol and CBD cause delays in biodiversity research
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Country of origin Nagoya Protocol Country
CBD Country
Time to permit
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
1. Global health, biodiversity, other public goods are very
rarely given „simplified measures“ (Art.8) by Parties
2. Scientific reality: lots of organisms have cosmopolitan
2. DSI can reduce but not replace physical GR Biological properties and existing technical capacities for synthetic biology of plastids
compared to bacteria, yeast and the plant nucleus.
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH Porter TM, Hajibabaei M (2018) Over 2.5 million COI sequences in GenBank and growing. PLOS ONE 13(9): e0200177. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200177
3. Biodiversity needs DSI: we have to fill in the map
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
4. We are students of history:
we expect a horse trade
2010: Nagoya & Aichi
2020: DSI & post-2020 Framework
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Crash course on DSI infrastructure
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
The INSDC is the core infrastructure for NSD (DSI)
~$50 USD mil./year -Free to all users -No registration
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
99.9% of NSD databases depend on INSDC
The rest use INSDC unique id’s
95% directly link to or download NSD from the INSDC
99.9% of public NSD databases rely on the INSDC
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
Half of INSDC is out of geographical scope
52% of NSD comes from 4 countries (3 free access, China unclear)
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
~37% of INSDC is out of material scope
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
Key lessons learned from CBD database study
Companies download
entire INSDC
monthly
43% no country tag
Beyond INSDC: ~5x more users (>50 million)
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
WiLDSI goals: a new DSI ABS system should be....
1. Compatible with free, open access INSDC
2. Integrated and NOT a stand-alone system (e.g., blockchain)
3. Administratively nimble or invisible for scientists
4. Ideally compatible with other international fora
5. Income-generating without explicit public sector funds
6. Acknowledge the demands of the developing world
7. Stop being „DSI“ and become something else
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
If the solution has to be bilateral….. (A) Nagoya plus
???
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
(A) Nagoya plus
ABS-CH
IRCC or Country tag
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?
?
? ?
?
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Key components of (A) Nagoya plus
1. DSI Handling: stable, verifiable, online objects that can be linked via ABS-CH • IRCCs with standardized terms & conditions • Alternative: Country tags linked to BS instructions • Other forms of PIC/MAT invalid for DSI Party forfeits BS
2. Benefit sharing: Bilateral, Nagoya-like
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
(B) Country Tag
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Country tag
(B) Country Tag
New use policy Open + click Can use policy extend
here too?
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
How could a click work?
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
INSDC use policy has changed little since 2002
1. …uniform policy of free and unrestricted access to all of the data records their databases contain.
2. The INSD will not attach statements to records that restrict access to the data, limit the use of the information in these records, or prohibit certain types of publications based on these records. Specifically, no use restrictions or licensing requirements will be included in any sequence data records...
3. All database records submitted to the INSD will remain permanently accessible as part of the scientific record...
4. ..information displayed on the Web sites maintained by the INSD is fully disclosed to the public…
Science 298 (5597): 1333 15 Nov 2002 http://www.insdc.org/policy.html
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Key components of (B) Country Tag
1. Country tag becomes mandatory during submission • INSDC curates, needs additional funding
2. INSDC use policy would change • Benefit sharing obligations for commercial use • Annual contribution • Acknowledged through „click“ acceptance
3. Open access remains 4. Distribution of funds proportional to country tag in
database
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
(C) De-coupled
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
(C) De-coupled
For legal certainty,
contribute here!
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Key components of (C) De-coupled
1. All non-human (biodiversity-based) DSI is in • No tracing, tracking, scoping necessary • Easily used by other international fora
2. Because no tracing necessary, monetary BS triggered at market entry
3. No change from INSDC required 4. BS mechanism is voluntary but provides legal certainty
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Quantifying non-monetary benefits
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
NSD usage by international scientists
4 target countries for interviews (36 so far) • Colombia (10), South Africa (11), Brazil (10), India (5)
Results: • Everyone generates sequence data • Have knowledge on origin of the material • All rely on sequencing; “very critical” for their work • NSD is submitted to INSDC before publication
Requirement Accession Number • Databases used: Genbank, ENA (INSDC), JGI, iBOL, TAIR, MtGEA • NSD shared with others • Common condition: co-authorship
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
There are 10-15 million total users of INSDC. They live in every country in the world.
Costs: $3-5 per user 50% of users live in countries that do not contribute to NSD infrastructure costs ~$25 Mil.
Leibniz Institute • DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures
These countries use more DSI than they provide
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Strategy suggestion: Integrate DSI and its importance for
biodiversity into the post-2020 Framework
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
Hot of the press: Post-2020 goals overlook genetic diversity
Leibniz-Institut • DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH