Wildlife crime in Uganda: how can we prevent it?

WildlifecrimeinUganda:howcanwepreventit?

PresentedbyGeoffreyMwedde&HenryTravers

atthePro-poorResponsestoWildlifeCrimeResearchWorkshopHotelAfricana25th-26thMay2016

Evidencereview

Inves-ga-onofdrivers

Interven-onevalua-on

Recommenda-onsforUWA

TheaimofthesecondphaseoftheresearchwastopredictbehaviourchangeunderdifferentpolicyandintervenLonopLonsIntervenLonstoinvesLgatewereidenLfiedfollowing:•  theevidencereview•  UgandaWildlifePolicy2014•  successfulapproachesfromelsewhere

Interven'ons Descrip'on

HWCmiLgaLon Designate25%or50%ofrevenuesharingfundsspecificallytofundhumanwildlifeconflictmiLgaLon

Improvelivelihoods SupportwildlifefriendlyenterpriseschemestoimprovelivelihoodopLonsavailabletooffenders

Eco-guards Employvillageeco-guards/scoutstoactaslinkbetweencommuniLesandUWA,respondtoHWC

Withdrawresourcerights

Withdrawallrightstoharvestresourcesfromwithinprotectedareaboundaries

RegulatedhunLng Allowaregulatedtradeinspecificspecies,providedsustainabilityofoWakecouldbeensured

Increaselawenforcement

IncreasetheprobabilityofdetecLonofwildlifecrimeswithinprotectedareaboundaries

WeusedthreemethodstoinvesLgatethepreferencesoflocalpeople:•  choiceexperiments•  scenariointerviews•  keyinformantinterviewsAworkshopwasheldinKampalainJuly2015toinvesLgatethepreferencesofUWAstaff

ChoiceExperiments

•  UsedtoinvesLgatelocalpreferencesforthedifferentpolicy

changesandintervenLons•  Goodproxyforunderstandinghowpeople’sviewsofconservaLon

acLviLeswouldchangeunderdifferentpolicyopLons

•  EachrespondentisshownaseriesofcardswithtwoalternaLveopLonsthatarecharacterisedbydifferenta\ributesandvaluesandaresimplyaskedwhichonetheyprefer

Specs/A2ributes AcerCB5-311-T9Y2 DellXPS13(2015)

DisplaySizeandType 14.1inchLED 13.3inch

PixelDensity 117PPI 165PPI

ResoluLon 1366x768px 1920x1080px

Ba\eryLife 7hrs 5hrs

ProcessorCores Quad-Core Dual-Core

ProcessorCache 2MB 3MB

Price $350 $590Qn.:Whichop'ondoyouprefer('ck)

Computer1 Computer2

•  whatintervenLons/policieshaveworkedelsewhere?•  howdidweidenLfyintervenLons/policiestobeconsidered?•  whataretheintervenLons/policiesweconsidered?•  methods•  choiceexperiments

–  howdoesthemethodwork?–  whataretheresults?

•  Scenariointerviews–  howdoesthemethodwork?–  whataretheresults?

•  Keyinformantinterviews–  peoplesuggestwhathasbeendoneinthepast,whattheythinktheyarelikelytoget–  thecaseofcrop-raiding–  reformedpoacherassociaLons

•  UWAstaff•  Howdotheresultsofthedifferentapproachescompare?

5

Scenario1 Scenario2

HumanWildlifeConflict 1/2(50%)RSfundstoHWC

NoRSfundstoHWC

Employeco-guards Noeco-guardsemployed

2eco-guardsinyourvillageemployed

Chancesofbeingcaughthuntingillegally

1outof1000peoplecaughthuntingillegally

1outof10peoplecaughthunting

illegally

Sustainablehuntingformeat(domesticuse)

Huntingallowedfordomesticconsumption

Huntingnotallowed

Wildlife-friendlyenterpriseschemes

Noscheme,nobenefitScheme;participants

earnUgx1,000,000/yr

Attributes

Whichscenariodoyouprefer(tickone)?

CHOICESET

•  whatintervenLons/policieshaveworkedelsewhere?•  howdidweidenLfyintervenLons/policiestobeconsidered?•  whataretheintervenLons/policiesweconsidered?•  methods•  choiceexperiments

–  howdoesthemethodwork?–  whataretheresults?

•  Scenariointerviews–  howdoesthemethodwork?–  whataretheresults?

•  Keyinformantinterviews–  peoplesuggestwhathasbeendoneinthepast,whattheythinktheyarelikelytoget–  thecaseofcrop-raiding–  reformedpoacherassociaLons

•  UWAstaff•  Howdotheresultsofthedifferentapproachescompare?

RelaLvepreference Rank

Murchison Queen Murchison Queen

50%revenuesharingforHWC -0.05 1.00 4 1

eco-guards 0.31 0.54 2 2

increasedetecLonprobbyorderof10 0.03 0.16 3 4

regulatedhunLng -0.17 -0.09 5 5

agri-environmentalscheme 0.39 0.39 1 3

Thescenariointerviewsconsideredchangeinthreevariables•  labourallocatedtomainlivelihoodacLvity•  howfaireachscenariowasconsideredtobe•  howlikelyrespondentsweretoinformonillegalacLviLes

ScenariointerviewscannotbeusedtodirectlyinvesLgatewildlifecrime

ScenarioInterviews-  WildlifecrimeissensiLveandwecannotquesLondirectlyaboutit-  Weuseproxies-  ScenariointerviewsinvesLgatepotenLaleffecLvenessofpoliciesand

intervenLons-  Wecandrawconclusionsonpeople’slikelihoodtoengageinwildlife

crimeortosupportconservaLon

ProporLonofrespondentswhochangeposiLvely

ProporLonofrespondentswhodonotchange

ProporLonofrespondentswhochangenegaLvely

Crop-raiding

predaLon

ImprovedlivelihoodsthroughwildlifefriendlyenterpriseswereconsideredtobethefairestopLonatbothsitesAuthorisedresourceusersmorelikelytothinkopLonsarefair

Improvedlivelihoods,ecoguardsandhumanwildlifeconflictmiLgaLonallpredictedtoincreaselikelihoodofhouseholdsinformingImportantimplicaLonsforintelligenceledenforcement

Thesinglebiggestresponseforourkey-informantswassteadyjobsMeanstoearnmoneyallyearroundviewedasveryimportantHunterswillingtoearnlesstoreducerisks/difficultlifestyle*Ifsupportforlivelihoodsoffered,veryimportantthatisfollowedthrough*PrevenLngcrop-raidingalsoreceivedbroadsupport

KeyInformantInterviews-  Involvedcurrent&former

poachers

WeaskedUWAstaffwhichcommunityintervenLonswouldhavethegreatestimpactonreducingwildlifecrime

LabourallocaLon Fairness Likelihood

ofinformingCommunitypreference

UWApreference

HWCmiLgaLon + ++ ++ ++ ++

Improvelivelihoods ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

Eco-guards ++ ++ ++ ++ +

Withdrawresourcerights - - +/- not

assessednot

assessed

RegulatedhunLng - +/- + - -

Increaselawenforcement

notassessed

notassessed

notassessed + ++

Summary:•  Broadagreementfoundbetweendifferentmethodsused•  OverallHWCmiLgaLonandwildlifefriendlyenterpriseschemesmost

preferredopLons•  Significantdifferencesinresponsesfoundbetweensites•  HouseholdsthatsufferfromcropraidingandlivestockpredaLonare

morelikelytochangetheirbehaviour•  Thereismodestlocalsupportforincreasedenforcement•  CommunityengagementapproachescanimprovetheeffecLveness

oflawenforcementthroughmoreintelligence

Thankyouforlistening