Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010 Omelian Płachtyna, Roman śarnowski, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz WIELOPOZIOMOWY FALOWNIK W ZASTOSOWANIU DO SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO LUB AUTONOMICZNEJ PRĄDNICY INDUKCYJNEJ ALBO SYNCHRONICZNEJ MULTILEVEL INVERTER APPLIED TO MOTOR DRIVE OR TO INDUCTION OR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR Abstract: In the paper a multilevel inverter for purpose in a supply of induction motor or in generation of autonomous, self-excited induction generator voltage is presented. The inverter allows elimination of the most significant harmonics 5 th and 7 th and other, up to 10 th . In the case of motor supply in the system are not used summing transformers and thanks to the phase shifting of voltages the system is favourable in respect of har- monics in current drawn by transformer from the utility grid. The system in purpose of autonomous generator is soft for recipients of electrical energy and for the generator drive. In this case the inverter allows elimination influence of 6 th , 18 th , and 30 th harmonics from voltages and currents, what allows to avoid oscillations of the shaft torque. __________________________________________________________________________ Roman Dudek, Stanisław Kosiorowski, Andrzej Stobiecki Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków OSCYLACJE W FILTRACH WEJŚCIOWYCH PRZEKSZTAŁTNIKOWYCH NAPĘDÓW TRAKCYJNYCH OSCILLATIONS IN INPUT FILTERS OF CONVERTER-BASED TRACTION DRIVES Abstract: LC input filters are applied in the traction drives with DC or AC motors controlled with the power electronic systems. As follows from experience in operation of the electric mine locomotives the most frequent reason for faults of these systems are faults of the filter’s capacitors. Oscillations of voltage and current during the transient states of the drive operation can be one of the reasons for the damage of the capacitors. In this pa- per, special attention is paid to the angular frequency of oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor in transient states of drive operation. This quantity can be used in diagnostic and elimination of fault operation of the power electronic systems of the vehicles’ drives. On the basis of a simplified model of the traction system, non-linear equation describing the system is formulated, linearized characteristic equation is given and mini- mum value of the filter capacity ensuring stable operation of the system is determined. The relationship deter- mining the angular frequency is derived. The analysis of the influence of the filter capacity, inductance and resistance of the traction network, supply source voltage and power of the drive on the angular frequency of the oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor is carried out using simulations in the IsSpice program. Selected results of tests of the laboratory traction drive system equipped with a traction motor of the mine lo- comotive type Ld 31 are presented in the last section of the paper. __________________________________________________________________________ Roman śarnowski Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz 11
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Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010
Omelian Płachtyna, Roman śarnowski, Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz
WIELOPOZIOMOWY FALOWNIK W ZASTOSOWANIU DO SILNIKA
INDUKCYJNEGO LUB AUTONOMICZNEJ PRĄDNICY INDUKCYJNEJ ALBO SYNCHRONICZNEJ
MULTILEVEL INVERTER APPLIED TO MOTOR DRIVE OR TO INDUCTION
OR SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR
Abstract: In the paper a multilevel inverter for purpose in a supply of induction motor or in generation of
autonomous, self-excited induction generator voltage is presented. The inverter allows elimination of the most
significant harmonics 5th and 7
th and other, up to 10
th. In the case of motor supply in the system are not used
summing transformers and thanks to the phase shifting of voltages the system is favourable in respect of har-
monics in current drawn by transformer from the utility grid. The system in purpose of autonomous generator
is soft for recipients of electrical energy and for the generator drive. In this case the inverter allows elimination
influence of 6th, 18
th, and 30
th harmonics from voltages and currents, what allows to avoid oscillations of the
shaft torque.
__________________________________________________________________________ Roman Dudek, Stanisław Kosiorowski, Andrzej Stobiecki Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków
OSCYLACJE W FILTRACH WEJŚCIOWYCH
PRZEKSZTAŁTNIKOWYCH NAPĘDÓW TRAKCYJNYCH
OSCILLATIONS IN INPUT FILTERS OF CONVERTER-BASED TRACTION DRIVES
Abstract: LC input filters are applied in the traction drives with DC or AC motors controlled with the power
electronic systems. As follows from experience in operation of the electric mine locomotives the most frequent
reason for faults of these systems are faults of the filter’s capacitors. Oscillations of voltage and current during
the transient states of the drive operation can be one of the reasons for the damage of the capacitors. In this pa-
per, special attention is paid to the angular frequency of oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor in
transient states of drive operation. This quantity can be used in diagnostic and elimination of fault operation of
the power electronic systems of the vehicles’ drives. On the basis of a simplified model of the traction system,
non-linear equation describing the system is formulated, linearized characteristic equation is given and mini-
mum value of the filter capacity ensuring stable operation of the system is determined. The relationship deter-
mining the angular frequency is derived. The analysis of the influence of the filter capacity, inductance and
resistance of the traction network, supply source voltage and power of the drive on the angular frequency of
the oscillations of the voltage across the filter capacitor is carried out using simulations in the IsSpice program.
Selected results of tests of the laboratory traction drive system equipped with a traction motor of the mine lo-
comotive type Ld 31 are presented in the last section of the paper.
__________________________________________________________________________ Roman śarnowski Uniwersytet Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy, Bydgoszcz
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Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010
AUTONOMICZNA PRĄDNICA INDUKCYJNA Z KASKADOWYM FALOWNIKIEM NAPIĘCIA
AUTONOMOUS INDUCTION GENERATOR WITH CASCADED VOLTAGE
INVERTER
Abstract: In the paper a frequency and voltage stabilisation system of autonomous, self-excited induction
generator (API) is presented. Electrical energy with uncontrolled parameters, produced by API is converted to
sin wave output energy with constant frequency and voltage with the help of a cascade inverter. Output volt-
age stabilisation is performed in the DC intermediate circuit of the inverter. The control strategy and the way
of adding voltages in the cascade inverter which allow to eliminate the most significant harmonics up to as-
sumed harmonic number is defined. Simulation results are enclosed.
Grzegorz Gawor, Sławomir Szymaniec Politechnika Opolska, Opole
PRZEMYSŁOWE BADANIA DIAGNOSTYCZNE NAPĘDÓW
ELEKTRYCZNYCH
INDUSTRIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ELECTRIC ELECTRICAL DRIVES Abstract: There are many problems in practical diagnostics of machines operated in industrial conditions. The
paper presents the diagnostic methods in this for example the envelope analysis methods and measurement re-
PORÓWNANIE NAPĘDÓW Z SILNIKIEM INDUKCYJNYM DWUFAZOWYM I TRÓJFAZOWYM Z LITYM RDZENIEM
WIRNIKA
COMPARISON OF DRIVES WITH TWO-PHASE AND THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS WITH SOLID ROTOR CORE
Abstract: The article presents researches results of one-phase drivers equipped with two- and three-phase in-duction cage motors with solid rotor core. The motors have been constructed on the base of typical three-phase
induction cage motor with two-poles and shaft height 90 mm.
Typical sliced core was removed from shaft and replaced with solid core. The solid rotor was tested in two-
and three-phase stators of experimental motors powered from electronic inverter.
There are presented comparative researches results of drivers at continuous work with decreased load due to
highest temperature growth and torques characteristics at different frequency. All comparisons were preformed
for several air gap value. __________________________________________________________________________
Radosław Machlarz Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin
ANALIZA SYMULACYJNA METOD STEROWANIA WEKTOROWEGO
SYNCHRONICZNEGO SILNIKA RELUKTANCYJNEGO PRZY ZMIENNYM KĄCIE WYMUSZENIA
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF VARIABLE CURRENT ANGLE VECTOR CONTROL STRATEGIES OF SYNCHRONOUS RELUCTANCE MOTOR
Abstract: The paper, being a continuation of previous work, deals with computer simulations of dynamic per-
formance of vector controlled synchronous reluctance motor with axially laminated anisotropic rotor, operat-
ing upon two variable current angle vector control strategies: constant d-axis current component strategy and
constant flux linkage strategy. The simulation model in Matlab-Simulink environment was derived, based on
mathematical model of the motor in d-q rotor coordinates. The simulations results show, that both analyzed
Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010
control strategies offer good dynamic response of the motor below base speed, although constant d-axis cur-
rent component strategy is numerically less complex and appears to be better solution for applications with
Grzegorz Badowski, Jerzy Hickiewicz, Krystyna Macek-Kamińska, Marcin Kamiński Politechnika Opolska, Opole Wojciech Herman, PGE Elektrownia Opole SA, Brzezie
POŚREDNI POMIAR ELEKTROMAGNETYCZNEGO
MOMENTU SILNIKA INDUKCYJNEGO
INDIRECT MEASUREMENT OF ELECTROMEGNETIC INDUCTION MOTOR TORQUE
Abstract: The principle assign of slow variable induction motor torque based on power measurement taken by
motor was briefly presented in the paper. Sample waveforms of motor load torque received of based on regis-
tered waveform input power were shown. It seems that in case of high-power driver, which continuously reg-
istration electrical quantity such as power or current input is currently often applying, registration of slow vari-
able load torque can be comfortable to assessment of motor work.
Vitezslav Hajek, Ondrej Vitek, Hana Kuchynkova Brno University of Technology, Czechy
STARTER UNIQUE CONCEPTION
ROZRUSZNIK SPECJALNEJ KONCEPCJI
Abstract: Practical operation shows that the overall reliability and durability of vehicles is affected, to large extent, by the starting characteristics of combustion engine, and also by the power and energy characteristics
of the starting system. The starting system means a starter, electromagnetic switch, and storage battery.
Zbigniew Gałuszkiewicz1, Krzysztof Krykowski2 Antoni Skoć3, Janusz Hetmańczyk2 1 Megatech Kalety 2 Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Energoelektroniki, Napędu Elektrycznego i Robotyki 3 Politechnika Śląska, Instytut Mechanizacji Górnictwa
REZONANS MECHANICZNY
W WYSOKOOBROTOWYM SILNIKU PM BLDC
MECHANICAL RESONANCE IN HIGH-SPEED PM BLDC MOTOR
Abstract: Mechanical resonance problem which occur in high-speed permanent magnet brushless DC motor is
presented in the paper. The authors describe a vibration which appears in motor drive and show calculation
procedure of transverse vibration as a significant part of proper vibration. Laboratory test with prototype high-
speed brushless DC motor is presented in the last part of the paper. Waveforms of stator vibration and lines
currents are shown as results of conducted experiment with prototype high-speed brushless DC motor. Labo-
Janusz Hetmańczyk1, Krzysztof Krykowski1, Zbigniew Gałuszkiewicz3, Roman Miksiewicz2, Dawid Makieła1 1 Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Energoelektroniki, Napędu Elektrycznego i Robotyki 2 Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Maszyn i Urządzeń Elektrycznych 3 Megatech Kalety
WYSOKOOBROTOWY SILNIK WZBUDZANY
MAGNESAMI TRWAŁYMI
HIGH-SPEED PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR
Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010
Abstract: The prototype of high-speed permanent brushless DC motor is presented in the paper. The principle
of operation, control method and construction of high-speed motor are described. Disadvantageous phenomena
appearing in high-speed PM BLDC motor and their methods of limitation during design process are consid-
ered. Selected cases of computer analyses and results of laboratory tests are presented in final part of paper.
IN MOTORS WITH PERMANENT MAGNETS Abstract: The article discusses the magnetic properties of magnetic cores for the three motor type PMSM 2p
= 8 These cores have the same geometry of stator and rotor electrical steel sheet, and different type of steel
used. In first core using the standard sheet type M330-50A. In two successive cores using modern electrical
steel sheet cobalt-iron alloy. In two successive cores using modern electrical steel sheet cobalt-iron alloy type
Vacoflux50. The first core is made of electrical steel sheet without annealing, the second was annealed ac-
cording to the manufacturer requires. For each core in addition to two winding coil wound measurement was
performed using the comparative tests of cores. Based on the study can be clearly observed from the stator
made of cobalt-iron alloy without annealing not suitable for the build of motors magnetic circuits. The pa-rameters of this material are changed completely after the annealing process, which is shown on the submitted
characteristics. Magnetic properties of cobalt-iron alloy after annealed are significantly improving, greatly
exceeding the parameters of a standard electrical sheet.
Zbigniew Goryca, Politechnika Radomska, Radom Mariusz Malinowski, Politechnika Warszawska, Warszawa
PRĄDNICA DO MAŁEJ BEZPRZEKŁADNIOWEJ
ELEKTROWNI WIATROWEJ
GENERATOR FOR SMALL GEARLESS WIND POWER PLANT Abstract: The paper presents design of generator for small gearless wind power plant. It is multi-pole ma-
chine, whose cogging torque has been minimized through the application of odd number of stator teeth. De-
signing calculations of flat model of generator were carried out with the use of package COMSOL Multiphys-
ics v3.3 using finite element method. The simulation result shows negligible value of cogging torque for such
solution. The generator has low mass at the power of 6kW and the speed of 150 rev/min.
WAŁEM A TULEJĄ SILNIKA TYPU SPM ZASTOSOWANEGO W NAPĘDZIE SAMOCHODÓW ELEKTRYCZNYCH
RESEARCH OF INTERFERENCE JOINT BETWEEN SHAFT AND SLEEVE OF
THE ELECTRIC MOTOR TYPE SPM USED AS A DRIVE FOR ELECTRIC CARS Abstract: The paper contains research of stresses occurrence on cylindrical surface of interference joint be-tween shaft and sleeve of rotor used as a drive for electric cars. This article presents comparison analytic
method with advanced program finite element method (FEM). This program uses to research of load capacity
interference joint when we impose a load to the sleeve.
__________________________________________________________________________ Tadeusz Glinka, Emil Król, Tomasz Wolnik BOBRME Komel, Katowice
MODEL POLOWY BEZRDZENIOWEJ MASZYNY TARCZOWEJ
FIELD MODEL OF CORELESS AXIAL FLUX MACHINES
Abstract: A very interesting construction of disc-type machines are coreless machines. Because there is no
core in the stator this type of axial flux machines doesn’t have a cogging torque, iron losses or eddy current. Axial flux machines are construction, which requires to make a 3D model. Presented in this paper are 3D field
models of coreless axial flux machines, which map a prototype of the machine made. Demonstrated are meth-
ods of modeling particular elements and parameters of machines.
Stanisław Rawicki, Jacek Koczorowski, Marcin Nowak Politechnika Poznańska, Poznań Radosław Mirski, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy, Poznań
ANALIZA AKUSTYCZNEGO WIDMA TRÓJFAZOWEGO SILNIKA
INDUKCYJNEGO PRZY USZKODZENIACH UZWOJENIA STOJANA
ANALYSIS OF ACOUSTIC SPECTRUM OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION
MOTOR AT STATOR WINDING DAMAGES Abstract: The paper concerns the diagnostics of windings defects in three-phase induction motors basing on
the electric machine noise analysis. With the help of the computer software, the acoustic spectrum was ana-
lysed and the dominant diagnostic harmonics of noise of the three-phase slip-ring induction motor have been
determined. The failures of the following type: the internal shorting between two phases and the short-circuit
of the stator coil have been investigated. The problem of the increase of the damage degree was also analysed.
Within the framework of the comparative diagnostic methodics, the properties and parameters of the
symmetrical three-phase induction motor are the basis for a state valuation of the electrical machine. It was
illustrated that the change of the acoustic spectrum can give information about the technical state of the motor.
The interesting methodology of noise research consists in investigations for frequencies of a wide range. All
presented in this paper measurements have been done for the three-phase induction slip-ring motor placed on
the work-stand.
Zeszyty Problemowe – Maszyny Elektryczne Nr 86/2010
Paweł Pistelok BOBRME Komel, Katowice
ROZWIĄZANIA KONSTRUKCYJNE UZWOJEŃ Z BEZPOŚREDNIM
CHŁODZENIEM WODNYM
STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS TO WINDINGS WITH DIRECT WATER COOLING
Abstract: The paper deals with the structural solutions to windings of stators with the direct water-cooling. Structures with the different degree intensity of cooling were showed. A discussed advantages and
disadvantages of windings with direct water-cooling. This paper give information about problems which
should be taken into account during design process new machine with direct water cooling. The paper
describes also corrosion properties of water which have influence on the system of chilling.