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Influence of railway interiors on dwell time and punctuality
Dr. Bernhard Rüger and DI. Doris Tuna University Assistant
Institute for Railway Engineering, Traffic Economics and Ropeways Vienna University of Technology
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
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Why to reduce dwell time?
Trains often run late on main travel days à punctuality
Without changing schedule (same travel time): shorter dwell time à longer running time àlower velocity .
à potentials for saving energy
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Influence – areas in the vehicle
Entrance
Entrance area – Retention room
seating area – vehicle interiors
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Gap between plattform and first step Number of steps
Door width Step ratio
Influence – entrance
Vehicle based
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handicaps
Influence – entrance
passenger based
age
luggage
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Influence – entrance
Combination
acces height baby carriages luggage
size (children) age/handicaps
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0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
Medianwerte der Einzel zeit
Einstieg
Median of the single time [sec]
Children < 10 years Juveniles/grown ups 10 65 years
Older people >65years
Age
0 steps 1 steps 2 steps 3 steps 4 steps
Boarding
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
Medianwerte der Einzel zeit
Einstieg
Median of the single time [sec]
Children < 10 years Juveniles/grown ups 10 65 years
Older people >65years
Age
0 steps 1 steps 2 steps 3 steps 4 steps
0 steps 1 steps 2 steps 3 steps 4 steps
Boarding
number of steps + age
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Influence – entrance
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Main influence: Luggage causes troubles:
• when boarding the train • moving along in the train
• when storing
⇒ Aftereffect: Passengers behave the way, to reduce their own problems, but enlarge other passengers‘ or the
railway company‘s difficulties!
Influence/ whole boarding process
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
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Actual passenger behaviour
If it is possible somehow: à Luggage is stored on floor level à Luggage is stored nearby
Passengers want to • avoid lifting their luggage!
• have visual contact of their own luggage!
Aftereffect: • Luggage is stored on/ before seats, in the aisle, etc.
à Comfort restrictions à Lower number of actual available seats à Problems when moving along in a train
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
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Luggage
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Average: 1 piece of luggage per passenger (0.6 one day trip; 1.2 holiday maker)
Trolley ~3060% Travel bag ~1030% Rucksack ~2030%
+ ~40% hand luggage
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11 Vehicle relating potentials of improvement for reducing the stopovertime
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected] ideale Zeit [sec]
50,0 25,0 0,0
125,0
100,0
75,0
50,0
25,0
0,0
Ideal boarding time [sec]
Actual boarding time [sec]
G
G
Entrance area with luggage stores
Time need without designing influence
conflict tailback
1st problem: NO VISUAL CONTACT
ideal: 45sec
actual: +80sec sum: 125sec
Sum of time need of each passenger (only entrance àage, luggage, step, ect.)
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12 Vehicle relating potentials of improvement for reducing the stopovertime
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected] ideale Zeit [sec]
50,0 25,0 0,0
125,0
100,0
75,0
50,0
25,0
0,0
Ideal boarding time [sec]
Actual boarding time [sec]
technic
air cond.
Simple entrance area
tailback
Time need without designing influence
ideal: 45sec
actual: +65sec
sum: 110sec
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13 Vehicle relating potentials of improvement for reducing the stopovertime
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected] ideale Zeit [sec]
50,0 25,0 0,0
125,0
100,0
75,0
50,0
25,0
0,0
Ideal boarding time [sec]
Actual boarding time [sec]
Larger retention room
tailback arises later!
Big entrance area
Time need without designing influence
ideal: 45sec
actual: +40sec
sum: 85sec
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14 Vehicle relating potentials of improvement for reducing the stopovertime
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected] ideale Zeit [sec]
50,0 25,0 0,0
125,0
100,0
75,0
50,0
25,0
0,0
Ideal boarding time [sec]
Actual boarding time [sec]
Entrance area of an IC2000 Entrance area of an IC2000
Large retention room + split up of passenger flow à More people can board
in the same time
Disadvantage:
steps – small tailback
Time need without designing influence
ideal: 45sec
actual: +25sec
sum: 70sec
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15 Vehicle relating potentials of improvement for reducing the stopovertime
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected] ideale Zeit [sec]
50,0 25,0 0,0
125,0
100,0
75,0
50,0
25,0
0,0
Ideal boarding time [sec]
Actual boarding time [sec]
The passenger flow can split in two directions
(+ no steps)
Entrance area with seats on both sides – IC3
Time need without designing influence
ideal: 45sec = actual
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Seating area Coach interiors
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
influences vehicle based passenger based
• aisle width • seat arrangement • luggage storrage • door location
• agility • luggage
interaction
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Coach interiors – interactions (examples)
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
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Coach interiors Aisle width
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
general Problems:
own luggage luggage in the aisle
Oncomming passengers
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Coach interiors Aisle width
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
~50 cm
~60 cm
~40%à 5060cm
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Coach interiors Aisle width
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
~40% rotate
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Coach interiors Aisle width
aisle width smaller than 60cm
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
often 50 – 54 cm
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Coach interiors Aisle width
Many trolleys are wider than 50 cm
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
often 50 – 54 cm
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23 Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
[cm]
20 %
50 cm
~8 %
55 cm 0 %
60 cm
Aisle width problems
problems
50 %
0 % 40 cm 60 cm
aisle width
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Coach interiors Aisle width
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
aisle width wider than 60cm
Most trollys are smaller than 60cm
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25 Vehicle relating potentials of improvement for reducing the stopovertime
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected] Personenanzahl 50 40 30 20 10 0
tatsächliche Zeit [sec]
200,0
150,0
100,0
50,0
0,0
Aisle width >60cm
Aisle width <60cm
Aisle width >60cm Aisle width >60cm
Aisle width <60cm
Number of persons
Actual boarding time [sec]
25%
larger than 60 cm
smaller than 60 cm
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Coach interiors Seat arrangements
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Row seating Visavis seating Mixed arrangements Compartments
+ several luggage storrage concepts
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Coach interiors Row seating
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
1st problem: aisle width
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Coach interiors Row seating
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
2nd problem: only overhad racks NO SPACE on floor level
needs a LONG TIME!
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Storing luggage
Effiziente Reisezugwagengestaltung / Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected]
Height of overhead rack
Lugage weight
Large torque, large force!
Width of seats, large diagonal
Safety risk for sitting passengers
185200cm 185200cm Large exertion Safety risks
à negativ sensation
1530kg
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Coach interiors Row seating
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Many large items are stored on floor levelà ON or BEFORE SEATS / IN THE AISLE
!
! Seats are blocked! Hindrance in the aisle
à Time need
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Coach interiors Row seating
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
3rd problem: oncoming passengers
No passing room
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Coach interiors Row seating
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Tailback after view passengers, long time need
Luggage in aisle, on seats Oncoming passengers Overhed luggage storrage
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Coach interiors Row seating + luggage rack near entrance
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
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Coach interiors Row seating + luggage rack near entrance
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Tailback after view passengers, long time need
No visual contact
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Coach interiors Row seating + luggage rack in the middle
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Long way, many hindrances
better visual contact but long view distance
!
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Coach interiors luggage rack in the quarter point
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Shorter way, less conflicts
better visual contact but long view distance
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row seating– time need
150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0
tatsächliche Zeit [sec]
700,0
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Seats standing neatly in a row
Compartment coaches
Opposite seats
Opposite seats in an IC2000
Ideal time [sec]
Actual time [sec]
row seating
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Coach interiors Visavis seating
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Luggage stroring between the seats
enough space required à Very fast and easy storing
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Coach interiors Visavis seating
+ Passing points
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Oncoming passengers
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Seat arrangements
150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0
tatsächliche Zeit [sec]
700,0
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Seats standing neatly in a row
Compartment coaches
Opposite seats
Opposite seats in an IC2000
Ideal time [sec]
Actual time [sec]
row seating
Visavis seating
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Coach interiors Compartment coach
Luggage storing in the compartment à other passenger can go on
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
Longer wayà larger retention area (until the first compartment)
aisle width: 7090cm
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Coach interiors Compartment coach
Less conflicts with oncoming passengers Passing points in compartment + wide aisle
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
aisle width: 7090cm
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Coach interiors Compartment coach
Less conflicts with luggage in the aisle
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
aisle width: 7090cm
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Seat arrangements
150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0
tatsächliche Zeit [sec]
700,0
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Seats standing neatly in a row
Compartment coaches
Opposite seats
Opposite seats in an IC2000
Ideal time [sec]
Actual time [sec]
row seating
compartment s Visavis seating
Visavis seating + IC2000entrance
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Seat arrangements comparison
150,0 100,0 50,0 0,0
tatsächliche Zeit [sec]
700,0
600,0
500,0
400,0
300,0
200,0
100,0
0,0
Seats standing neatly in a row
Compartment coaches
Opposite seats
Opposite seats in an IC2000
Ideal time [sec]
Actual time [sec]
row seating
compartments
Visavis seating
Visavis seating + IC2000entrance
1:2 1:3
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
doors at the quarter points
Passenger flow can divide
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points
Best: NO steps à level free boarding
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points
If steps required: max 2 steps
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps
Entrance area of an IC2000 Large entrance room
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room aisle width min 60cm
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm
Luggage rack
NOT in the entrance area
No visual contact, high risk of theft
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm
Luggage rack
NOT in the entrance area
Conflicts near the entrance when storing luggage à early tailback
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm
Luggage rack
NOT near the entrance area
No visual contact, high risk of theft
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm
Luggage rack
NOT near the entrance area
Conflicts near the entrance when storing luggage à early tailback
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm
Luggage rack
NOT in the middle of the saloon
Long way, conflicts with other passengers
!
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm
Luggage rack
In quarter points of the saloon
Shorter way, good visual contact, less conflicts with other passengers
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm 5) Luggage racks in quarter points
Seat arrangement
Not only row seating
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm 5) Luggage racks in quarter points
Seat arrangement
Better: more visavis seats with enough space between
seats
Passing points
Space for luggage
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time optimised railway interior conclusion
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]
example for open saloon coach
1) Doors at the quarter points 2) Level free boarding, max. 2 steps 3) Large entrance (tailback) room 4) Aisle width min. 60 cm 5) Luggage racks in quarter points 6) More visavis seating
More comfortable boarding
àBoarding time reduction of more than 70% possible àRising punctuality
àPotentials for saving energy
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Thank you for your attention Contact:
Dr. Bernhard Rüger or DI. Doris Tuna Vienna University of Technology Institute for Railway Engineering, Karlsplatz 13/232 A1040 Vienna Austria Tel: +43 1 58801 23212 / +43 1 58801 23214 Fax: +43 1 58801 23299 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Optimizing passenger exchange
Dr. Bernhard Rüger / [email protected] / DI. Doris Tuna / [email protected]