Why to consider disaster risk management in health sector, Myanmar

Rationale  for      Risk  Management  considerations  in  the  Health  Sector  in  Myanmar !

A  presentation  by  Sudhir  Kumar      !

Source:    Ministry  of  Health  presentation  

 25th  January  2011,  Yangon  

Menu  for  discussion  

•  Mainstreaming  DRR  in  overall  Development    

•  Mainstreaming  DRR  in  the  Health  Sector    

Development  can  reduce  vulnerability !

Development  can  increase  vulnerability !

Development  and  Disaster      

•  Development  and  Disaster  share  direct  as  well  as  inverse  relation  i.e.    -­‐  Development  can  increase  vulnerability  thus  

 increase  impact  of  disasters    -­‐  Development  can  reduce  vulnerability  thus  

 reduce  the  impact  disasters    

 Disasters  set  back  development!

Disasters  provide  development  opportunities !

Disaster  and  Development      

•  Disaster  and  Development  share  direct  as  well  as  inverse  relation  i.e.    -­‐  Disaster  can  set  back  Development    -­‐  Disaster  provide  Development  opportunities    

   Why  mainstream  DRR  in Recovery!

Avail the Opportunity!

Heightened hazard awareness can be harnessed to promote risk reduction measures and to achieve the legislative reforms e.g. New Building codes after Kobe Earthquake

Cost-effective in the long run !

Not all the build back better propositions necessarily increase reconstruction cost, but some may……. But still these improvements should be implemented even if they result in marginally higher costs. e.g. in Bangladesh cyclone resistant features in non-masonry structures increase in only 5 % of construction cost (Source; Provention Consortium)

Making best use of available resources!

Resource made available after a disaster for reconstruction will probably not be available for longer-term capacity building or to bring about a change in practice..so accordingly adopt strategies e.g. UK DFID DRR Policy to set aside 10 % of disaster fund to reduce impact of related future disasters (Source; Provention

Consortium)

Not to re-create risk !

The area in which reconstruction and recovery is being undertaken… the same area may have also been affected due to last disaster event... And perhaps would be in the next….hence we need to reduce the risk in that areas.

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Development  and  Disaster    

Development  can  reduce  vulnerability !

Disasters set  back  development!

 Development  can  increase  vulnerability !

Disasters  provide  development  opportunities !

Development  realm  

Disaster  realm  

 +ve  -­‐ve  

Key  lessons        

 Disaster  recovery  provides  an  opportunity  to  reduce  vulnerability,  hence  avail  it  and  mainstream  DRR  into  recovery    

 Development  process  (plan  and  program  )  provides  an  opportunity  to  reduce  vulnerability,  hence  avail  it  and  mainstream  DRR  into  Development      

•  Health  Facilities  may  collapse  in  a  disasters  •  Damage  to  hospitals  multiplies  patient  vulnerability,  and  increase  

in  numbers  •  During  disasters  there  is  an  increase  in  demands  for  emergency  

care  

•  The  loss  or  unavailability  of  workforce  at  the  time  of  disaster,  hiring  outside  personnel  to  sustain  response  capacity  –  add  to  the  overall  economic  burden  

•  Damage  to  equipments  can  cost  80%  of  the  total  costs  

•  Basic  lifelines  and  services  such  as  Electrical  power,  water  and  sanitation,  waste  management  and  disposal  –  can  affect  the  entire  health  facility.  

Why  mainstreaming  DRR  in  the  Health  sector    

Goal  4:  Reduce  child  mortality Children are in greater danger of getting drowned in floods, water borne diseases Sectors Impacted- Health, Social Affairs

Goal  6:  Combat  HIV/AIDS,  malaria  and  other  diseases Disaster cause diseases and damage to health infrastructure Sectors Impacted- Health, Infrastructure, Watsan

Impact  of  Disasters    on  MDGS  focus  health  sector    

Goal  5:  Improve  maternal  health Disasters deteriorate sanitation, education, nutrition and food-security

Sectors Impacted- Health, Women, Social Affairs, Watsan

Why  mainstreaming  DRR  in  the  Health  sector    

•  There  were  1,217  medical  facilities  in  the  pre-­‐cyclone  period  which  included  100-­‐bed,  50-­‐bed  and16-­‐bed  hospitals,  regional/  sub-­‐regional  health  centers  and  medical  training  schools.  According  to  PONJA,  appr.  75  percent  of  health  facilities  in  the  affected  townships  were  damaged.  

•  Though  in  monetary  terms  the  value  of  the  damage  to  these  facilities  may  not  be  very  high  but  it  has  a  major  impact  on  the  access  of  the  rural  population  to  health  services.  

•  The  total  damage  and  loss  to  the  health  sector  has  been  estimated  at  about  Kyat  19  billion.  

•  It  led  to  considerable  decline  in  health  service  provision,  in  particular  for  immunization  and  communicable  diseases,  health  care  services  for  birth  delivery  and  access  to  medicines.    

•  PONJA  also  reported  that  more  than  65  percent  of  households  surveyed  reported  health  problems  among  household  members  during  early  June  2008    

Integration  of  DRR  into  Development  Policy,  Planning  and  Implementation  involving  the  national  disaster  management  offices    dialogue  and  linkage  with    national  ministries  for  finance,  planning,  and  environment  as  well  as  the  multi-­‐lateral  and  bilateral  agencies.

National  Development  Policy,  Planning  and  Implementation  

       DRR  should  be  integrated  across  and  in  all  sectors,  infrastructure,  health,  education,  agriculture,  environment  and  financial  services  sectors  have  been  identified  to  initiate  mainstreaming  of  DRR.  

Mainstreaming  DRR  into  Specific  Sectors  

Sector   Concerned  Ministries  

Agriculture   Agriculture  and  Rural  Development  

Infrastructure  and  Housing   Public  Works,  Infrastructure,  Urban  &  Rural  Development,    

Health   Health  and  Social  Welfare  

Education   Education,  Women  and  Children  

Financial  Services   Finance  and  Planning  

Two  pronged  approach    

Thank  You