Why Manual Genome Annotation? Even the best gene predictors and genome annotation pipelines rarely exceed accuracies of 80% at the exon level, meaning that most gene annotations contain at least one mis-annotated exon. (Yandell and Ence, 2012, Nature Reviews) Automated annotation is often not good enough for genes you really care about!
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Why Manual Genome Annotation? Even the best gene predictors and genome annotation pipelines rarely exceed accuracies of 80% at the exon level, meaning.
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Why Manual Genome Annotation?
Even the best gene predictors and genome annotation pipelines rarely exceed accuracies of 80% at the exon level, meaning that most gene annotations contain at least one mis-annotated exon. (Yandell and Ence, 2012, Nature Reviews)
Automated annotation is often not good enough for genes you really care about!
Yandell and Ence, 2012, Nature Reviewshttp://www.yandell-lab.org/publications/pdf/euk_genome_annotation_review.pdf
Different lines of evidence go into modern gene annotation pipelines:1. Computational prediction (Open Reading Frames, etc.)2. Evidence based prediction (ESTs, RNA-seq, etc)3. Homology based prediction (BLAST, etc)Synthesized into a consensus gene annotation – still may be wrong!
Bees(Order Hymenoptera, Family Apidae)
Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
Common Eastern Bumble Bee (Bombus impatiens)
Buff-Tailed Bumble Bee (Bombus terrestris) Dwarf Asian Honey Bee
(Apis florea)
NADPH + H+ + O2 + R-H NADP+ + H2O + R-OH
cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes
classification: CYP 3 A 4
family>40% amino acid sequence-homology
sub-family>55% amino acid sequence-homology
isoenzyme
*15 A-B
allele
Chemical signalling??? (pheromone synthesis and breakdown)