-
The World
To learn more about the physical and humangeography of the
world, view the World Regionsvideo Looking at the World.
World Regions VideoWorld Regions Video
U N I T 11The World
16 U n i t 1
WHY ITS IMPORTANTWHY ITS IMPORTANT
Entering the twenty-first century, the world is a much smaller
place than it was at the time of your great-grandparents a hundred
yearsago. Advances in technology, communication,and transportation
are responsible for much ofthis change.They have narrowed vast
distancesand made neighbors of the worlds people.TheInternet, for
example, now puts you in immedi-ate touch with people in other
parts of theworld. In the years to come, you and your
generationhere and elsewherewill be chal-lenged to work together to
use this and othertechnology to make the world a better place for
everyone.
-
Skydivers in formation above patchwork fields, California
NGS ONLINEwww.nationalgeographic.com/education
U n i t 1 17
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/education
-
GeoJournalWrite a journal entry describing the part of the world
in which you liveits physicalfeatures, plant and animal life, and
people.Think about how your observations are similarto and
different from the ways a geographerlooks at the world.
Chapter Overview Visit the Glencoe WorldGeography Web site at
geography.glencoe.comand click on Chapter OverviewsChapter 1
topreview information about how geographerslook at the world.
http://geography.glencoe.com
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ExploringGeography
A Geographic ViewEarths VarietyA small planet in a modest
solarsystem, a tumbling pebble in thecosmic stream, and yet . . .
[t]hishome is built of many mansions,carved by wind and the fall
ofwater, lush with living thingsbeyond number, perfumed by
saltspray and blossoms. Here coolin a cloak of mist or
theresteaming under a brazen sun,Earths variety excites thesenses
and exalts the soul.
Stuart Franklin, Celebrations ofEarth, National Geographic,
January 2000
How would you describe the world around you?Would it be in terms
of people, places, things, or all of these? Geog-raphy is the study
of the earths physical features and the livingthingshumans,
animals, and plantsthat inhabit the planet. Geog-raphy looks at
where all of these elements are located and how theyrelate to one
another. In this section you will gain an understandingof what
geography is and why it is important to study it.
The Elements of Geography The root of the word geography is an
ancient Greek word meaning
earth description. Geographers are specialists who describe
theearths physical and human features and the interactions of
people,places, and environments. They not only describe but also
search forpatterns in these features and interactions, seeking to
explain howand why they exist or occur. For example, geographers
may studyvolcanoes and why they erupt, or they may analyze a citys
location
Guide to ReadingConsider What You KnowThink about where your
school islocated and the ways in which aplaces location can be
described.How many different ways can youthink of to describe your
schoolslocation to another person?
Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read aboutplaces on Earth,
create a web dia-gram similar to the one below bylisting three
types of regions.
Read to Find Out What are the physical and human
features geographers study?
How do geographers describe theearths features and their
patterns?
How is geography used?
Terms to Know location
absolute location
hemisphere
grid system
relative location
place
region
formal region
functional region
perceptual region
ecosystem
movement
human-environment interaction
Places to Locate Equator South Pole
North Pole Prime Meridian
C h a p t e r 1 19Mt. McKinley, Alaska,United States
Labrador coast, Canada
Types of Regions
-
20 U n i t 1
in relation to climate, landscape, and available
trans-portation. In their work, geographers consider:
The world in spatial terms (location) Places and regions
Physical systems Human systems Environment and society The uses of
geography
The World in Spatial TermsSpatial relations refer to the links
that places and
people have to one another because of their loca-tions. For
geographers, location, or a specific placeon the earth, is a
reference point in the same waythat dates are reference points for
historians.
Absolute LocationOne way of locating a place is by
describing
its absolute locationthe exact spot at which theplace is found
on the globe. To determine absolutelocation, geographers use a
network of imaginarylines around the earth. The Equator, the line
cir-cling the earth midway between the North andSouth Poles,
divides the earth into hemispheres,or two halves (Northern and
Southern). The PrimeMeridian, the 0 north-south line that runs
throughGreenwich, England, and the 180 north-south linerunning
through the mid-Pacific Ocean also dividethe earth into hemispheres
(Eastern and Western).
The Equator, the Prime Meridian (also called theMeridian of
Greenwich), and other lines of latitudeand longitude cross one
another to form a patterncalled a grid system. Using the grid, you
can namethe absolute, or precise, location of any place onEarth.
This location is generally stated in terms oflatitude, degrees
north or south of the Equator, andlongitude, degrees east or west
of the Prime Meridian. For example, Dallas, Texas, is located
atlatitude 32N (north) and longitude 96W (west).
Relative LocationAlthough absolute location is useful, most
peo-
ple locate a place in relation to other places, or byits
relative location. For example, New Orleans islocated near the
mouth of the Mississippi River.Knowing the relative location of a
place helps youorient yourself in space and develop an awarenessof
the world around you.
North PoleNorthernHemisphere
SouthernHemisphere
WesternHemisphere
EasternHemisphere
Equator
South Pole
PrimeMeridian
DIAGRAMSTUDY
The Hemispheres
1. Interpreting Diagrams What lines of latitudeand longitude
divide the globe into hemispheres?
2. Applying Geography Skills In which hemi-spheres do you
live?
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C h a p t e r 1 21
Places and RegionsA place is a particular space with physical
and
human meaning. Every place on Earth has its ownunique
characteristics, determined by the surround-ing environment and the
people who live there. Onetask of geographers is to understand and
explain howplaces are similar to and different from one another.
Tointerpret the earths complexity, geographers oftengroup places
into regions, or areas united by specificfactors. The defining
factors of a region may be phys-ical, such as soil type,
vegetation, river systems, andclimate. A region may also have human
factors that help define it. These may include language,religion,
cultural traditions, forms of government, andtrade networks.
Geographers identify three types of regions: for-mal,
functional, and perceptual. A formal, or uni-form, region is
defined by a common characteristic,such as a product produced
there. The Corn Beltthe Iowa-Illinois area in the United Statesis
aformal region because corn is its major crop. A
South Pole South Pole South Pole
North Pole
Lines of Latitude
North Pole
Lines of Longitude
North Pole
The Global Grid
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic Circle
Equator
180
E
40E
60E
80E
100
E
120
E
140
E
160
E
Tropic of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer
Arctic Circle
Equator
DIAGRAM STUDY
The Global Grid
1. Interpreting Diagrams Between which lines of latitude is the
Arctic Circle located?
functional region is a central place and the sur-rounding area
linked to it, for example, by a high-way system. Metropolitan areas
such as Los Angelesand Tokyo are functional regions. A
perceptualregion is defined by popular feelings and imagesrather
than by objective data. For, example, the termheartland refers to a
central area in which tradi-tional values are believed to
predominate.
Physical SystemsIn their work geographers analyze how
certain
natural phenomena, such as volcanoes, hurricanes,and floods,
shape the earths surface. The earthssystems are endlessly
fascinating.
Every astronaut loves to take pictures ofthe Earth. To me, thats
the best part offlying in space.Rick Searfoss, quoted in
Geographica,National Geographic, November 1996
2. Applying Geography Skills Approximate theabsolute location of
the state of Florida. Explainhow you determined the answer.
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22 U n i t 1
Geographers look at how physical features inter-act with plant
and animal life to create, support, orchange ecosystems. An
ecosystem is a communityof plants and animals that depend upon
oneanother, and their surroundings, for survival.
Human SystemsGeographers also examine how people shape the
worldhow they settle the earth, form societies, andcreate
permanent features. A recurring theme in geo-graphy is the ongoing
movement of people, goods,and ideas. For example, migrants entering
a long-established society usually bring different ideas
andpractices that may transform that societys traditionalculture.
In studying human systems, geographers alsolook at how people
compete or cooperate to changeor control aspects of the earth to
meet their needs.
Environment and SocietyHuman-environment interaction, or the
study of
the interrelationship between people and theirphysical
environment, is another theme of geogra-phy. Geographers examine
the ways people usetheir environment, how and why they havechanged
it, and what consequences result fromthese changes. In some cases
the physical environ-
Checking for Understanding1. Define location, absolute
location,
hemisphere, grid system, relativelocation, place, region,
formalregion, functional region, percep-tual region, ecosystem,
movement,human-environment interaction.
2. Main Ideas In a web diagram, listsix elements in the study of
geog-raphy (hint: use the headings inthis section). Then explain
howeach is applied.
Critical Thinking3. Categorizing Information Con-
sider the physical and human factors that constitute a region.
Identify the differences amongformal, functional, and
perceptualregions.
4. Drawing Conclusions How mightgeographers knowledge of
humansystems benefit people?
5. Making Generalizations Explainhow knowing about the
geogra-phy of a particular city mightinfluence your decision to
movethere.
Analyzing Diagrams6. Location Study the diagram of
the hemispheres on page 20. In which hemispheres is
Africalocated?
7. Relative Location Write aparagraph that describesthe relative
location of yourschool in at least five ways.In what instances
might rel-ative location be more use-ful than absolute location? In
what instances mightabsolute location be moreuseful?
Applying Geography
ment affects human activities. For example, moun-tains and
deserts often pose barriers to humanmovement. In other instances
human activities,such as building a dam, cause changes in the
phys-ical environment. By understanding how theearths physical
features and processes shape andare shaped by human activity,
geographers helpsocieties make informed decisions.
The Uses of GeographyGeography can provide insight into how
physi-
cal features and living things developed in thepast. It can also
interpret present-day trends toplan for future needs. Governments,
businesses,and individuals use geographic information inplanning
and decision making. Data on physicalfeatures and processes can
determine whether asite is suitable for human habitation or
hasresources worth developing. Geographic informa-tion on human
activities, such as populationtrends, can help planners decide
whether to buildnew schools or highways in a particular
place.Geographic information helps determine where tolocate fire
stations and shopping malls. As geogra-phers learn more about the
relationships amongpeople, places, and the environment, their
knowl-edge can help us plan and build a better future.
Elements of Geography
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C h a p t e r 1 23
Guide to ReadingConsider What You KnowPeople use different types
of mapswhen they need to move from placeto place or learn where
something islocated. What kinds of maps haveyou used and for what
purposes?
Reading StrategyOrganizing As you read about thework of
geographers, complete agraphic organizer similar to the onebelow by
listing the specializedresearch methods geographers use.
Read to Find Out What are the major branches of
geography and the topics eachbranch studies?
What research methods do geog-raphers use at work?
How is geography related to othersubject areas?
What kinds of geographic careersare available today?
Terms to Know physical geography
human geography
meteorology
cartography
geographic information systems (GIS)
The GeographersCraft
A Geographic ViewThe Power of MapsGuyana [in 1966] . . . agreed
to giveIndians title to lands traditionallyrecognized as theirs.
But in 1982 a tally of village lands using out-of-date maps reduced
Indianholdings to a few fragments. . . .Local Earth Observation
turnedIndian villagers into digitalmappers. Armed with
handheld[GPS] . . . units that determinelocation using satellites,
vil-lagers named and locatedmore than 4,000 . . .
territoriallandmarks. The data they collected werecombined with
drainage patterns to produce a large-scale map. . . . [T]he power
of maps that merge ancient knowledge and modern technology has
vastly strengthened their case.
Allen Carroll, CartoGraphic, National Geographic, March 2000
Geography is more than just learning place names. Italso has
practical usesin the example above, using a global posi-tioning
system, or GPS, to settle a land dispute. In this section you
willexplore the ways in which geographic information applies to
real-lifesituations and learn how different types of geographers
study the earth.
Branches of GeographyGeography is a discipline that covers a
broad range of topics. To make
their work easier, geographers divide their subject area into
differentbranches. Two major branches are physical geography and
human
Mapping Guyana with GPS
ResearchMethods
-
24 U n i t 1
geography. Physical geographyfocuses on the study of the
earthsphysical features. It looks at cli-mate, land, water, plants,
and ani-mal life in terms of their relationships to oneanother and
to humans. Human geography, orcultural geography, is the study of
human activi-ties and their relationship to the cultural and
phys-ical environments. It concentrates on political,economic, and
cultural factors, such as populationdensity, urban development,
economic produc-tion, and ethnicity.
Physical geography and human geography arefurther divided into
smaller subject areas. Exam-ples are meteorology, the study of
weather andweather forecasting, and historical geography, thestudy
of places and human activities over timeand the various geographic
factors that haveshaped them.
Geographers at WorkGeographers use specialized research
methods
in their work. These methods include direct obser-vation,
mapping, interviewing, statistics, and theuse of technology.
Direct ObservationGeographers use direct observation in
studying
the earth and the patterns of human activities that take place
on its surface. They will often visit aregion to gather specific
information about theregion and its geographic features.
Geographersalso employ remote sensing to study the earth,
usingaerial photographs and satellite images. For exam-ple,
geographers may use aerial photographs orsatellite images to locate
mineral deposits or todetermine the size of freshwater sources.
They alsomight observe a forest that has been damaged by
airpollution.
MappingMaking and using maps are basic activities of
geographers. Geographic specialists who makeand design maps are
known as cartographers;their area of work, known as cartography,
involvesstudying and making maps.
Many geographic research findings can beshown on maps better
than they can be explained
New Orleans,Louisiana Using aerial photography, geographers can
examinehow large cities affect the physical environment.
Place How would you describe New Orleans based on the
featuresshown in this photograph?
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C h a p t e r 1 25
in written text. Cartographers select complicatedpieces of
information about an area and presentthem in a more understandable
form on a map. Inthis way they easily can show the location,
fea-tures, patterns, and relationships of people, places,and
things. In addition, maps allow a visual com-parison between places
and regions. For example,a geographer might compare population
densitymaps of two counties in order to determine whereto build new
schools.
InterviewingTo answer a geographic question, geographers
often must go beyond mere observation. In manycases geographers
want to find out how peoplethink or feel about certain places. They
also maywant to examine the ways in which peoplesbeliefs and
attitudes have led to changes in thephysical environment. This kind
of information isobtained by interviewing. Geographers choose
aparticular group of people for study. Instead ofcontacting
everyone in that group, however, geog-raphers talk to a carefully
chosen sample whoseanswers represent the whole group.
StatisticsSome of the information that geographers use is
numerical. Temperature and rainfall data point to aregions
climate, for example. Geographers usecomputers to organize this
information and presentit in clear, understandable ways. They also
analyzethe data to find patterns and trends. For example,census
data can be studied to learn about rates ofpopulation growth; the
age, ethnic, and gendermakeup of the population; and income levels.
Afteridentifying these patterns and trends, geographersuse
statistical tests to see whether their ideas arevalid.
TechnologyGeographers often use scientific instruments in
their work. They especially depend on advancedtechnological
tools, such as satellites and comput-ers. Satellites orbiting the
earth carry remote sen-sors, high-tech cameras, and radar that
gather dataand images related to the earths environment,weather,
human settlement patterns, and vegeta-tion. Geographic information
systems (GIS) arecomputer tools that process and organize data
and
satellite images with other pieces of informationgathered by
geographers and other scientists. GIStechnology is valuable to
urban planners, retailers,and local government officials who use
this tech-nology to help them determine where to buildroads,
stores, and parks.
The development of computer technology has alsotransformed the
process of mapmaking. AllenCarroll, chief cartographer of the
National Geo-graphic Society, describes the changes in
cartographyas revolutions in mapping. Technology has created
. . . computers that store vast archives ofmap data and render
lines with super-human precision, software programs thatturn maps
into analytical tools, satelliteimagery that combines
photographicbeauty with cartographic precision, globalelectronic
networks that enable maps tostream across our ever shrinking
globe.Allen Carroll, National Geographic Atlas of the World,
1999
Indonesian Surveyors These surveyors are helping plan a road in
Borneo, Indonesia.
Human-Environment Interaction How do geographers play a part in
our everyday lives?
-
Geographers study political science to helpthem see how people
in different places are gov-erned. They look at how political
boundaries haveformed and how they have been changed. Geog-raphers
are interested in how the natural environ-ment has influenced
political decisions and howgovernments change natural environments.
Forexample, the Egyptian government, helped byfinancing from
abroad, built the massive
26 U n i t 1
Today, most cartographersrely on computers and com-puter
software to make maps.Each type of data on a map iskept as a
separate layer inthe maps digital files. Thismethod allows
cartographersto make and change mapsmore quickly and easily.
Geography and OtherDisciplines
Geographers study boththe physical and human fea-tures of the
earth and alsoanalyze the patterns andrelationships among
geogra-phy and other disciplines.Studying subjects such ashistory,
government, sociol-ogy, and economics helpsgeographers to
understandhow each of these subjectsaffects and is affected
bygeography.
History andGovernment
Geographers use historyto help them understandwhat places looked
like inthe past. For example, geog-raphers might want to knowhow
Boston, Massachusetts,looked during the colonialyears. They might
also wishto look at the changes thathave occurred in Bostonover the
past two centuries. Geographers maybegin by gathering information
about time periodsin the citys history. This information could
beused to answer such geographic questions as:How have human
activities changed the naturalvegetation in the area? Are the
waterways differ-ent than they were in the past? Answers to
thesequestions can help people make better decisionsand plans for
the future.
Jobs in Geography
CHART STUDY
1. Interpreting Charts What does a human geographer study?
2. Applying Geography Skills How might human geographers
studyingthe effects of population growth gather information for
their research?
GeographyField Description Applications/Careers
Physical Studies Earths features Forecasting weather, Geographer
and the geographic tracing causes and
forces shaping them effects of pollution, conserving wilderness
areas
Human Analyzes human Developing cultural Geographer aspects of
culture policies for interna-
population, language, tional organizations, ethnicity, religion,
such as the United government Nations
Economic Examines human Urban planning, focus-Geographer
economic activities ing on the location of
and their relationship industries or transpor-to the environment
tation routes
Regional Studies geographic Assisting government Geographer
features of a particular and business in making
place or region decisions related to a region
Environmental Focuses on the two-way Advising government
Specialist interaction between and business on ways
humans and the physical of protecting the environment
environment
Geographic Teaches about Teaching geography at Educator
geography all educational levels;
serving as consultant to business and government
-
Aswan High Dam on the Nile River. The dam altered the surface of
the earth in profound waysand so has had an impact on the regions
people.
CultureHuman geographers use the tools of sociology
and anthropology to understand the culture of soci-eties
throughout the world. They study the relation-ships between the
physical environment and socialstructures. They examine peoples
ways of life in dif-ferent parts of the world. Human geographers
alsoseek to understand how the activities of differentgroups affect
their physical environments and howthe environment affects culture
groups differently.
EconomicsGeographers use economics to help them
understand how the locations of resources affectthe ways people
make, transport, and use goods,and how and where services are
provided.
Geographers are interested in how locations arechosen for
various economic activities, such as farm-ing, mining,
manufacturing, and selling. A desirablelocation usually includes
plentiful resources andgood transportation routes. Geographers are
alsointerested in the interdependence of peoples eco-nomic
activities throughout the world. New devel-opments in
communications and transportationmake the movement of information
and goodsfaster and more efficient than ever before. A busi-ness
can operate globally without depending on anyone specific place to
fill all of its needs.
Geography as a CareerAlthough people trained in geography are
in
great demand in the workforce, many of them donot have
geographer as a job title. Geography skillsare useful in so many
different situations that geo-graphers have more than a hundred
different jobtitles. Geographers often combine the study
ofgeography with other areas of study. For example,a salesperson
must know the geographic character-istics of the region in which he
or she is sellingproducts. Also, a travel agent must have
someknowledge of other places in order to plan trips forclients.
Still, as the chart on page 26 shows, becausegeography itself has
many specialized fields, thereare many different kinds of
geographers.
C h a p t e r 1 27
Checking for Understanding1. Define physical geography,
human geography, meteorology,cartography, geographicinformation
systems (GIS).
2. Main Ideas Copy the table belowon your paper, and fill in the
waysgeographers study the earth anduse geography.
Critical Thinking3. Predicting Consequences What
might happen if an economic geo-grapher did not interview
citizenswhen preparing a city transporta-tion plan?
4. Making Inferences What kinds of geographers might be
employedby a manufacturing company?
5. Making Generalizations How does the study of other
disciplineshelp geographers in their workas countries become
increasinglyinterdependent?
Analyzing Maps6. Place Study the map of the United
States in the Reference Atlas onpages RA6RA7. What kinds
ofinformation can you learn fromthis map? How does the informa-tion
on this map differ from themap on pages RA8RA9?
7. Research Methods As ageographer working on aplan for a new
communitycenter, what researchmethods would you use?Explain your
choices in aparagraph.
Applying Geography
Student Web Activity Visit the Glencoe World GeographyWeb site
at geography.glencoe.com and click on Student WebActivitiesChapter
1 for an activity about careers in geography.
Geography Branches
Geography Methods
Other Disciplines
Jobs in Geography
http://geography.glencoe.com
-
Understanding GraphsGraphs are visual representations of
statistical data. Largeamounts of information can be condensed when
presented ingraphs. Studying graphs allows readers to see
relationships clearly.
28 U n i t 1
U. S. Population Change Due to Migration
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
50
40
30
20
10
0
Perc
ent
Ch
ange
U.S. Immigrants by Region of Origin (%)
1900s
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
Other 11%
Decade
Asia 11%
Other 5%
Europe40%
Europe13%
LatinAmerica
38%Latin
America52%Asia 30%
1960-1969 1990-1997
Source: United Nations Population Division, 2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000
Source: U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1999
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Pop
ula
tio
n (b
illio
ns)
World Population Projections
Low7.9
Medium9.3
High10.9
Year
Learning the SkillThe three main types of graphs present
numeri-
cal information. Line graphs record changes in dataover time.
The vertical axis (y-axis) shows units ofmeasurement, and the
horizontal axis (x-axis) showsintervals of time. Bar graphs use
bars of differentlengths to compare different quantities.
Circlegraphs show the relationship of parts to a whole
aspercentages. To understand a graph:
Read the graph title to identify the subject.
Study the labels to understand the numericalinformation
presented.
Study the information presented and the useof colors and
patterns.
Compare the lines, bars, or segments, and lookfor relationships
in order to draw conclusions.
Practicing the SkillStudy the graphs to answer these
questions.
1. Line graph What is the difference in popula-tion between the
low and high projections?
2. Bar graph In which decade did migration causethe least change
in population?
3. Circle graph What percent of immigrants to theUnited States
in the 1990s came from Europe?
4. What general population trends do the threegraphs show?
Take a poll of your classmates about a geographi-cal topic.
Design and draw a graph using the data.Consider geographic
features, distributions, andrelationships.
The Glencoe Skillbuilder Interactive Workbook,Level 2 provides
instruction and practice in key social studies skills.
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C h a p t e r 1 29
Key Points Geographers study the earths physical and
human features and their interrelationships.
Geographers use absolute and relative locationsas reference
points.
Geographers identify three types of regionsformal, functional,
and perceptual.
Geography contributes knowledge about therelationships among
human activities, theearths physical systems, and the environmentin
order to develop a better future.
Organizing Your NotesCreate an outline using the for-mat below
to help you organizeinformation about how geogra-phers study the
earth.
Terms to Know physical geography human geography meteorology
cartography geographic
information systems (GIS)
Key Points Geographers use special research skills, such
as direct observation, mapping, interviewing,statistics, and
technology.
Studying other social sciences helps geogra-phers analyze the
patterns and relationshipsamong these different fields.
Geographers can specialize and may work in government, business,
science, planning, or education.
Organizing Your NotesUse a graphic organizer like the one below
tohelp you organize your notes for this section.
Terms to Know location absolute location hemisphere grid system
relative location place region formal region functional region
perceptual region ecosystem movement human-environment
interaction
SECTION 1 Exploring Geography (pp. 1922)
SECTION 2 The Geographers Craft (pp. 2327)
SUMMARY & STUDY GUIDE
I. Elements of GeographyA. World in spatial terms
1. Absolute location
The Geographers Craft
MethodsBranches Other Fields
Exploring Geography
A scientist uses a global positioning system.
-
Critical Thinking1. Summarizing the Main Idea How do
geographers use the elements of geographyto study the earth?
2. Making Inferences What subjects mightyou study in order to
become an urban plan-ner? Explain.
3. Predicting Consequences Consider themany ways that technology
has affected theway people live and work. Then imagine thatyou have
become a geographer of the future.How do you think technology will
change theway you work?
4. Categorizing Information Use a web dia-gram like the one
below to show five methodsof geographic research.
Reviewing Key TermsWrite the key term that best completes each
of thefollowing sentences. Refer to the Terms to Know inthe Summary
& Study Guide on page 29.
1. Plants and animals depend on one another ina(n)
__________.
2. Geographers use a(n) __________ formed bylines of latitude
and longitude to determine__________.
3. __________ is the study of the human aspectsof geography.
4. A(n) __________ has boundaries determinedby a common
characteristic.
5. Another name for mapmaking is __________.6. _______ is
expressed in relation to other
places.
7. Computer tools that process data and satel-lite images with
other pieces of geographicinformation are called __________.
8. __________ focuses on the studyof the earths physical
features.
Reviewing FactsSECTION 1
1. How do geographers determinethe locations of places?
2. What are the three types ofregions identified by
geogra-phers?
3. Why do geographers studyhuman systems and human-environment
relationships?
4. What are two ways that everyplace on the earth can
belocated?
SECTION 25. How do physical and human
geography differ?
6. What research methods dogeographers use?
7. What other subjects do geogra-phers study?
Locating PlacesThe World: Physical Geography
Match the letters on the map with the places and physical
features of the earth.
Write your answers on a sheet of paper.
1. North America2. South America3. Africa4. Asia
5. Europe6. Antarctica7. Australia
8. Atlantic Ocean9. Indian Ocean
10. Pacific Ocean
A
B C
D
E
F
G
H
I
JJ
0
60E60W 120E120W 0
30N
30S
60S
60N
EQUATOR
TROPIC OFCANCER
TROPIC OFCAPRICORN
Winkel Tripel projection2,000
2,0000
0
mi.
km
N
ASSESSMENT & ACTIVITIES
30 U n i t 1
GeographersMethods
-
C h a p t e r 1 31
Study the information shown on thecircle graph for the areas of
the earthcovered by land and by oceans. Then
compare the relative sizes of the different graph seg-ments. By
comparing the segments you will be ableto determine the correct
answers.
Thinking Like a GeographerImagine that you are an urban planner.
Whatkinds of data might you want to assemble inorder to plan a
location for a new school? Whatmethods would you use to collect the
data? Howwould you use the data to determine the locationfor the
school?
Problem-Solving ActivityContemporary Issues Case Study Look
atnewspapers and magazines to identify one of thefollowing
issues:
a local issue that involves land use. a local issue that
involves economic
development. a national issue that involves water resources.
Choose one issue, and research to learn moreabout its history,
the various points of view sur-rounding the issue, and the final
outcome. Usethis information to prepare an outline. Then writean
essay describing the influence of physical andhuman geography on
the issue.
GeoJournalDescriptive Writing Refer to the entry youwrote in
your GeoJournal and the information inthis chapter. Then imagine
you are a physicalgeographer and write a paragraph
describinganother part of the earths surface. For example, ifyou
live in a plains area, describe how the geog-raphy of the mountains
or the seashore would bedifferent from your location. Include as
many con-crete details as you can to describe the physicaland human
geography of the place you chose.
Technology ActivityUsing the Internet for Research
Search the Internet for Web sites that provideinformation about
geography to the public. Spon-sors may include government agencies,
scientificorganizations, or special-interest magazines. Pre-pare a
list of the five best sites, write a brief descrip-tion of the
kinds of information each one contains,and explain why you included
it.
Use the circle graph below and your knowl-edge of geography to
answer questions 1 and 2.
1. Which ocean covers the smallest area ofthe earths
surface?
A Atlantic C PacificB Indian D Arctic
2. Which ocean covers about as much ofthe earths surface as land
does?
F Indian H ArcticG Pacific J Atlantic
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Land29.1% of Earths surface
Water70.9% of Earths surface
EARTHS LAND AND WATER
4
1
3 2
1 Pacific Ocean 64,169,000 sq. mi. (166,241,000 sq. km)2
Atlantic Ocean 33,411,00 sq. mi. (86,557,000 sq. km)3 Indian Ocean
28,342,800 sq. mi. (73,427,000 sq. km)4 Arctic Ocean 3,661,200 sq.
mi. (9,485,000 sq. km)
Self-Check Quiz Visit the Glencoe WorldGeography Web site at
geography.glencoe.comand click on Self-Check QuizzesChapter 1
toprepare for the Chapter Test.
Standardized Test Practice
http://geography.glencoe.com
Glencoe World GeographyTable of ContentsGeography Skills for
LifeReading for InformationNational Geographic Reference
AtlasWorld: PhysicalWorld: PoliticalUnited States: PhysicalUnited
States: PoliticalCanada: Physical/PoliticalMiddle America:
Physical/PoliticalNorth America: PhysicalNorth America:
PoliticalSouth America: PhysicalSouth America: PoliticalAfrica:
PhysicalAfrica: PoliticalEurope: PhysicalEurope: PoliticalAsia:
PhysicalAsia: PoliticalOceania: Physical/PoliticalPacific Rim:
Physical/PoliticalOcean FloorWorld Land UseWorld Gross Domestic
Product CartogramWorld Population CartogramArctic Ocean:
PhysicalAntarctica: Physical
National Geographic Geography Skills HandbookThinking Like a
GeographerFrom Globes to MapsCommon Map ProjectionsReading a
MapTypes of MapsGraphs, Charts, and DiagramsGeographic
Dictionary
Unit 1: The WorldChapter 1: How Geographers Look at the
WorldSection 1: Exploring GeographySection 2: The Geographer's
CraftChapter 1 Summary & Study GuideChapter 1 Assessment &
Activities
Chapter 2: The EarthSection 1: Planet EarthSection 2: Forces of
ChangeNational Geographic Viewpoint: A Global Concern: Invasive
SpeciesSection 3: Earth's WaterChapter 2 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 2 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 3: Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun
RelationshipsSection 2: Factors Affecting ClimateSection 3: World
Climate PatternsChapter 3 Summary & Study GuideChapter 3
Assessment & Activities
Chapter 4: The Human WorldSection 1: World PopulationSection 2:
Global CulturesSection 3: Political and Economic SystemsSection 4:
Resources, Trade, and the EnvironmentChapter 4 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 4 Assessment & Activities
Unit 2: The United States and CanadaNational Geographic:
Regional AtlasWhat Makes the United States and Canada a
Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Ice Hockey!
Chapter 5: The Physical Geography of the United States and
CanadaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 5
Summary & Study GuideChapter 5 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 6: The Cultural Geography of the United States and
CanadaSection 1: Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography
and History: Give-and-Take Across the BorderSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 6 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 6 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 7: The United States and Canada TodaySection 1: Living
in the United States and CanadaSection 2: People and Their
EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: United States's Wetlands:
Under SiegeChapter 7 Summary & Study GuideChapter 7 Assessment
& Activities
Unit 3: Latin AmericaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat
Makes Latin America a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection:
Food Crops
Chapter 8: The Physical Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 8 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 8 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 9: The Cultural Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1:
Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History:
Passage Through PanamaSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and LifestylesChapter 9 Summary & Study GuideChapter 9
Assessment & Activities
Chapter 10: Latin America TodaySection 1: Living in Latin
AmericaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic
Viewpoint: Brazil's Rain Forests: Biodiversity at RiskChapter 10
Summary & Study GuideChapter 10 Assessment & Activities
Unit 4: EuropeNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes
Europe a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Architecture
Chapter 11: The Physical Geography of EuropeSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 11 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 11 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of EuropeSection 1:
Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History:
Yugoslavia: Then and NowSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and LifestylesChapter 12 Summary & Study GuideChapter
12 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 13: Europe TodaySection 1: Living in EuropeSection 2:
People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint:
Germany's Forests: In the Path of Acid RainChapter 13 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 13 Assessment & Activities
Unit 5: RussiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes
Russia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Nutcracker
Chapter 14: The Physical Geography of RussiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 14 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 14 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 15: The Cultural Geography of RussiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational
Geographic Geography and History: Russia's Iron RoadSection 3:
Cultures and LifestylesChapter 15 Summary & Study GuideChapter
15 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 16: Russia TodaySection 1: Living in RussiaNational
Geographic Viewpoint: Russia's Supertrawlers: Factories at
SeaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentChapter 16 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 16 Assessment & Activities
Unit 6: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central AsiaNational
Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes North Africa, Southwest Asia,
and Central Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection:
Religions
Chapter 17: The Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and
VegetationChapter 17 Summary & Study GuideChapter 17 Assessment
& Activities
Chapter 18: The Cultural Geography of North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsNational
Geographic Geography and History: Black Gold in the Persian
GulfSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and
LifestylesChapter 18 Summary & Study GuideChapter 18 Assessment
& Activities
Chapter 19: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
TodaySection 1: Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central
AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic
Viewpoint: Turkey's Atatrk Dam: Diverting a River's FlowChapter 19
Summary & Study GuideChapter 19 Assessment & Activities
Unit 7: Africa South of the SaharaNational Geographic: Regional
AtlasWhat Makes Africa South of the Sahara a Region?Country
ProfilesGlobal Connection: Roots of Jazz
Chapter 20: The Physical Geography of Africa South of the
SaharaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter
20 Summary & Study GuideChapter 20 Assessment &
Activities
Chapter 21: The Cultural Geography of Africa South of the
SaharaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesNational Geographic
Geography and History: Conflict in Central Africa: Hutu versus
TutsiChapter 21 Summary & Study GuideChapter 21 Assessment
& Activities
Chapter 22: Africa South of the Sahara TodaySection 1: Living in
Africa South of the SaharaSection 2: People and Their
EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Southern Africa's
Dilemma: Renew the Ivory Trade?Chapter 22 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 22 Assessment & Activities
Unit 8: South AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes
South Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection: Textiles
Chapter 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 23 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 23 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational
Geographic Geography and History: Mountain Madness: Struggle for
KashmirSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 24 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 24 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 25: South Asia TodaySection 1: Living in South
AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic
Viewpoint: India's Green Revolution: Success or Failure?Chapter 25
Summary & Study GuideChapter 25 Assessment & Activities
Unit 9: East AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat Makes
East Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection:
Electronics
Chapter 26: The Physical Geography of East AsiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 26 Summary & Study
GuideChapter 26 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 27: The Cultural Geography of East AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsNational Geographic Geography and History: A
Tale of Two ChinasSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and LifestylesChapter 27 Summary & Study GuideChapter
27 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 28: East Asia TodaySection 1: Living in East AsiaSection
2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint:
China's Three Gorges: Before the FloodChapter 28 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 28 Assessment & Activities
Unit 10: Southeast AsiaNational Geographic: Regional AtlasWhat
Makes Southeast Asia a Region?Country ProfilesGlobal Connection:
Cuisine
Chapter 29: The Physical Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1:
The LandSection 2: Climate and VegetationChapter 29 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 29 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 30: The Cultural Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentNational
Geographic Geography and History: The Long War: America in
VietnamSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 30 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 30 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 31: Southeast Asia TodaySection 1: Living in Southeast
AsiaSection 2: People and Their EnvironmentNational Geographic
Viewpoint: Southeast Asia's Reefs: Coral in PerilChapter 31 Summary
& Study GuideChapter 31 Assessment & Activities
Unit 11: Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaNational Geographic:
Regional AtlasWhat Makes Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica a
Region?Country ProfileGlobal Connection: Eucalyptus
Chapter 32: The Physical Geography of Australia, Oceania, and
AntarcticaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and
VegetationChapter 32 Summary & Study GuideChapter 32 Assessment
& Activities
Chapter 33: The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceania, and
AntarcticaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentNational Geographic Geography and History: Journey to the
Bottom of the WorldSection 3: Cultures and LifestylesChapter 33
Summary & Study GuideChapter 33 Assessment & Activities
Chapter 34: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica TodaySection 1:
Living in Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 2: People and
Their EnvironmentNational Geographic Viewpoint: Antarctica's
Melting Ice: Is Global Warming at Fault?Chapter 34 Summary &
Study GuideChapter 34 Assessment & Activities
AppendixHonoring AmericaGlossaryGazetteerSpanish
GlossaryIndexAcknowledgments
Feature ContentsNational Geographic Global ConnectionNational
Geographic Geography and HistoryNational Geographic Viewpoint: Case
Study on the EnvironmentSkillBuilderMap & Graph
SkillBuilderCritical Thinking SkillBuilderTechnology
SkillBuilderStudy & Writing SkillBuilder
Geography Lab ActivitiesWorld CultureMapsGraphs, Charts, and
DiagramsPrimary Sources
Student WorkbooksActive Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student
EditionChapter 1: How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1:
Exploring GeographySection 2: The Geographer's Craft
Chapter 2: The EarthSection 1: Planet EarthSection 2: Forces of
ChangeSection 3: Earth's Water
Chapter 3: Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun
RelationshipsSection 2: Factors Affecting ClimateSection 3: World
Climate Patterns
Chapter 4: The Human WorldSection 1: World PopulationSection 2:
Global CulturesSection 3: Political and Economic SystemsSection 4:
Resources, Trade, and the Environment
Chapter 5: The Physical Geography of the United States and
CanadaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 6: The Cultural Geography of the United States and
CanadaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 7: The United States and Canada TodaySection 1: Living
in the United States and CanadaSection 2: People and Their
Environment
Chapter 8: The Physical Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 9: The Cultural Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 10: Latin America TodaySection 1: Living in Latin
AmericaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 11: The Physical Geography of EuropeSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of EuropeSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 13: Europe TodaySection 1: Living in EuropeSection 2:
People and Their Environment
Chapter 14: The Physical Geography of RussiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 15: The Cultural Geography of RussiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 16: Russia TodaySection 1: Living in RussiaSection 2:
People and Their Environment
Chapter 17: The Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and
Vegetation
Chapter 18: The Cultural Geography of North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2:
History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 19: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
TodaySection 1: Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central
AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 20: The Physical Geography of Africa South of the
SaharaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 21: The Cultural Geography of Africa South of the
SaharaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 22: Africa South of the Sahara TodaySection 1: Living in
Africa South of the SaharaSection 2: People and Their
Environment
Chapter 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 25: South Asia TodaySection 1: Living in South
AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 26: The Physical Geography of East AsiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 27: The Cultural Geography of East AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 28: East Asia TodaySection 1: Living in East AsiaSection
2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 29: The Physical Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1:
The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 30: The Cultural Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 31: Southeast Asia TodaySection 1: Living in Southeast
AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 32: The Physical Geography of Australia, Oceania, and
AntarcticaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 33: The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceania, and
AntarcticaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 34: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica TodaySection 1:
Living in Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 2: People and
Their Environment
Haitian Creole SummariesChapit 1: Kouman Jeyograf yo Obsve Monn
lanChapit 2: LatChapit 3: Klima LatChapit 4: Monn ImenChapit 5:
Jeyografi Fizik Etazini ak KanadaChapit 6: Jeyografi Kiltirl
Etazini ak KanadaChapit 7: Etazini ak Kanada Jodi aChapit 8:
Jeyografi Fizik Amerik LatinChapit 9: Jeyografi Kiltirl Amerik
LatinChapit 10: Amerik Latin Jodi aChapit 11: Jeyografi Fizik
LewpChapit 12: Jeyografi Kiltirl LewpChapit 13: Lewp Jodi aChapit
14: Jeyografi Fizik LarisiChapit 15: Jeyografi Kiltirl LarisiChapit
16: Larisi Jodi aChapit 17: Jeyografi Fizik Amerik-di-N,
Azi-di-Sidws ak Azi SantralChapit 18: Jeyografi Kiltirl
Amerik-di-N, Azi-di-Sidws ak Azi SantralChapit 19: Amerik-di-N,
Azi-di-Sidws ak Azi Santral Jodi aChapit 20: Jeyografi Fizik Afrik
Sid SaharaChapit 21: Jeyografi Kiltirl Afrik Sid SaharaChapit 22:
Afrik Sid Sahara Jodi aChapit 23: Jeyografi Fizik Azi-di-SidChapit
24: Jeyografi Kiltirl Azi-di-SidChapit 25: Azi-di-Sid Jodi aChapit
26: Jeyografi Fizik Azi-de-LsChapit 27: Jeyografi Kiltirl
Azi-de-LsChapit 28: Azi-de-Ls Jodi aChapit 29: Jeyografi Fizik
Azi-di-SidsChapit 30: Jeyografi Kiltirl Azi-di-SidsChapit 31:
Azi-di-SidsChapit 32: Jeyografi Fizik Ostrali, Oseyani ak
AntaktikChapit 33: Jeyografi Kiltirl Ostrali, Oseyani ak
AntaktikChapit 34: Ostrali, Oseyani ak Antaktik Jodi a
Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student EditionChapter 1:
How Geographers Look at the WorldSection 1: Exploring
GeographySection 2: The Geographer's Craft
Chapter 2: The EarthSection 1: Planet EarthSection 2: Forces of
ChangeSection 3: Earth's Water
Chapter 3: Climates of the EarthSection 1: Earth-Sun
RelationshipsSection 2: Factors Affecting ClimateSection 3: World
Climate Patterns
Chapter 4: The Human WorldSection 1: World PopulationSection 2:
Global CulturesSection 3: Political and Economic SystemsSection 4:
Resources, Trade, and the Environment
Chapter 5: The Physical Geography of the United States and
CanadaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 6: The Cultural Geography of the United States and
CanadaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 7: The United States and Canada TodaySection 1: Living
in the United States and CanadaSection 2: People and Their
Environment
Chapter 8: The Physical Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 9: The Cultural Geography of Latin AmericaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 10: Latin America TodaySection 1: Living in Latin
AmericaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 11: The Physical Geography of EuropeSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 12: The Cultural Geography of EuropeSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 13: Europe TodaySection 1: Living in EuropeSection 2:
People and Their Environment
Chapter 14: The Physical Geography of RussiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 15: The Cultural Geography of RussiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 16: Russia TodaySection 1: Living in RussiaSection 2:
People and Their Environment
Chapter 17: The Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and
Vegetation
Chapter 18: The Cultural Geography of North Africa, Southwest
Asia, and Central AsiaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2:
History and GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 19: North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
TodaySection 1: Living in North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central
AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 20: The Physical Geography of Africa South of the
SaharaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 21: The Cultural Geography of Africa South of the
SaharaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 22: Africa South of the Sahara TodaySection 1: Living in
Africa South of the SaharaSection 2: People and Their
Environment
Chapter 23: The Physical Geography of South AsiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 24: The Cultural Geography of South AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 25: South Asia TodaySection 1: Living in South
AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 26: The Physical Geography of East AsiaSection 1: The
LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 27: The Cultural Geography of East AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 28: East Asia TodaySection 1: Living in East AsiaSection
2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 29: The Physical Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1:
The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 30: The Cultural Geography of Southeast AsiaSection 1:
Population PatternsSection 2: History and GovernmentSection 3:
Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 31: Southeast Asia TodaySection 1: Living in Southeast
AsiaSection 2: People and Their Environment
Chapter 32: The Physical Geography of Australia, Oceania, and
AntarcticaSection 1: The LandSection 2: Climate and Vegetation
Chapter 33: The Cultural Geography of Australia, Oceania, and
AntarcticaSection 1: Population PatternsSection 2: History and
GovernmentSection 3: Cultures and Lifestyles
Chapter 34: Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica TodaySection 1:
Living in Australia, Oceania, and AntarcticaSection 2: People and
Their Environment
Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student
EditionCaptulo 1: La manera en que los gegrafos miran el mundoGua
de estudio 1-1: Explorando la geografaGua de estudio 1-2: El arte
del gegrafo
Captulo 2: La TierraGua de estudio 2-1: Planeta TierraGua de
estudio 2-2: Fuerzas de cambioGua de estudio 2-3: El agua de la
Tierra
Captulo 3: Los climas de la TierraGua de estudio 3-1: Relacin
Tierra-SolGua de estudio 3-2: Factores que afectan el climaGua de
estudio 3-3: Patrones climticos del mundo
Captulo 4: El mundo humano Gua de estudio 4-1: Poblacin
mundialGua de estudio 4-2: Culturas globalesGua de estudio 4-3:
Sistemas polticos y econmicosGua de estudio 4-4: Recursos, comercio
y medio ambiente
Captulo 5: La geografa fsica de Estados Unidos y CanadGua de
estudio 5-1: La tierraGua de estudio 5-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 6: La geografa cultural de Estados Unidos y CanadGua de
estudio 6-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 6-2: Historia y
gobiernoGua de estudio 6-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 7: Hoy en Estados Unidos y CanadGua de estudio 7-1: La
vida en Estados Unidos y CanadGua de estudio 7-2: La gente y su
medio ambiente
Captulo 8: La geografa fsica de LatinoamricaGua de estudio 8-1:
La tierraGua de estudio 8-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 9: La geografa cultural de LatinoamricaGua de estudio
9-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 9-2: Historia y gobiernoGua
de estudio 9-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 10: Hoy en LatinoamricaGua de estudio 10-1: La vida en
Amrica LatinaGua de estudio 10-2: La gente y su medio ambiente
Captulo 11: La geografa fsica de EuropaGua de estudio 11-1: La
tierra Gua de estudio 11-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 12: La geografa cultural de EuropaGua de estudio 12-1:
Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 12-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de
estudio 12-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 13: Hoy en EuropaGua de estudio 13-1: La vida en
EuropaGua de estudio 13-2: La gente y su medio ambiente
Captulo 14: Captulo 14: La geografa fsica de RusiaGua de estudio
14-1: La tierraGua de estudio 14-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 15: La geografa cultural de RusiaGua de estudio 15-1:
Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 15-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de
estudio 15-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 16: Hoy en RusiaGua de estudio 16-1: La vida en RusiaGua
de estudio 16-2: La gente y su medio ambiente
Captulo 17: La geografa fsica del norte de frica, el suroeste de
Asia y Asia centralGua de estudio 17-1: La tierraGua de estudio
17-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 18: La geografa cultural del norte de frica, el suroeste
de Asia y Asia centralGua de estudio 18-1: Patrones de poblacinGua
de estudio 18-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 18-3: Culturas y
estilos de vida
Captulo 19: Hoy en el norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia
centralGua de estudio 19-1: La vida en el norte de frica, suroeste
de Asia y Asia CentralGua de estudio 19-2: La gente y su medio
ambiente
Captulo 20: La geografa fsica de frica al Sur del SaharaGua de
estudio 20-1: La tierraGua de estudio 20-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 21: La geografa cultural de frica al Sur del SaharaGua
de estudio 21-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 21-2: La gente
y su medio ambienteGua de estudio 21-3: Culturas y estilos de
vida
Captulo 22: Hoy en frica al Sur del SaharaGua de estudio 22-1:
La vida en frica al sur del SaharaGua de estudio 22-2: La gente y
su medio Ambiente
Captulo 23: La geografa fsica del sur de AsiaGua de estudio
23-1: La tierraGua de estudio 23-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 24: La geografa cultural del sur de AsiaGua de estudio
24-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 24-2: Historia y
gobiernoGua de estudio 24-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 25: Hoy en el sur de AsiaGua de estudio 25-1: La vida en
el sur de AsiaGua de estudio 25-2: La gente y su medio ambiente
Captulo 26: La geografa fsica de Asia orientalGua de estudio
26-1: La tierraGua de estudio 26-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 27: La geografa cultural de Asia orientalGua de estudio
27-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 27-2: Historia y
gobiernoGua de estudio 27-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 28: Hoy en Asia orientalGua de estudio 28-1: La vida en
el este de AsiaGua de estudio 28-2: La gente y su medio
ambiente
Captulo 29: La geografa fsica del sureste de AsiaGua de estudio
29-1: La tierraGua de estudio 29-2: Clima y vegetacin
Captulo 30: La geografa cultural del sureste de AsiaGua de
estudio 30-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio 30-2: Historia y
gobiernoGua de estudio 30-3: Culturas y estilos de vida
Captulo 31: Hoy en el sureste de AsiaGua de estudio 31-1: La
vida en el sureste de AsiaGua de estudio 31-2: La gente y su medio
ambiente
Captulo 32: La geografa fsica de Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaGua
de estudio 32-1: La tierraGua de estudio 32-2: Clima y
vegetacin
Captulo 33: La geografa cultural de Australia, Oceana y
AntrtidaGua de estudio 33-1: Patrones de poblacinGua de estudio
33-2: Historia y gobiernoGua de estudio 33-3: Culturas y estilos de
vida
Captulo 34: Hoy en Australia, Oceana y AntrtidaGua de estudio
34-1: La vida en Australia, Oceana y la AntrticaGua de estudio
34-2: La gente y su medio ambiente
Spanish SummariesCaptulo 1: La manera en que los gegrafos miran
el mundoCaptulo 2: La TierraCaptulo 3: Los climas de la
TierraCaptulo 4: El mundo humano Captulo 5: La geografa fsica de
Estados Unidos y CanadCaptulo 6: La geografa cultural de Estados
Unidos y CanadCaptulo 7: Hoy en Estados Unidos y CanadCaptulo 8: La
geografa fsica de LatinoamricaCaptulo 9: La geografa cultural de
LatinoamricaCaptulo 10: Hoy en LatinoamricaCaptulo 11: La geografa
fsica de EuropaCaptulo 12: La geografa cultural de EuropaCaptulo
13: Hoy en EuropaCaptulo 14: Captulo 14: La geografa fsica de
RusiaCaptulo 15: La geografa cultural de RusiaCaptulo 16: Hoy en
RusiaCaptulo 17: La geografa fsica del norte de frica, el suroeste
de Asia y Asia centralCaptulo 18: La geografa cultural del norte de
frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralCaptulo 19: Hoy en el
norte de frica, el suroeste de Asia y Asia centralCaptulo 20: La
geografa fsica de frica al Sur del SaharaCaptulo 21: La geografa
cultural de frica al Sur del SaharaCaptulo 22: Hoy en frica al Sur
del SaharaCaptulo 23: La geografa fsica del sur de AsiaCaptulo 24:
La geografa cultural del sur de AsiaCaptulo 25: Hoy en el sur de
AsiaCaptulo 26: La geografa fsica de Asia orientalCaptulo 27: La
geografa cultural de Asia orientalCaptulo 28: Hoy en Asia
orientalCaptulo 29: La geografa fsica del sureste de AsiaCaptulo
30: La geografa cultural del sureste de AsiaCaptulo 31: Hoy en el
sureste de AsiaCaptulo 32: La geografa fsica de Australia, Oceana y
AntrtidaCaptulo 33: La geografa cultural de Australia, Oceana y
AntrtidaCaptulo 34: Hoy en Australia, Oceana y Antrtida
Standardized Test Practice Workbook - Student EditionObjectives
Addressed in the ActivitiesWorkbook OverviewPreparing for a
Standardized TestActivity 1: Making InferencesActivity 2:
Interpreting DiagramsActivity 3: Perceiving Cause-and-Effect
RelationshipsActivity 4: Outlining Information for WritingActivity
5: Reading the Scale of Distance on a MapActivity 6: Descriptive
Writing about a VisualActivity 7: Drawing ConclusionsActivity 8:
Taking NotesActivity 9: Comparing and ContrastingActivity 10:
Persuasive Writing about an IssueActivity 11: Detecting
BiasActivity 12: Reading a Time LineActivity 13: Recognizing
PropagandaActivity 14: Evaluating the Consequences of
DecisionsActivity 15: Writing a News StoryActivity 16: Predicting
OutcomesActivity 17: Making DecisionsActivity 18: Interpreting
Primary SourcesActivity 19: Analyzing StatisticsActivity 20:
Distinguishing Between Fact and OpinionActivity 21: Identifying the
Main IdeaActivity 22: Writing ClearlyActivity 23: Identifying and
Evaluating EvidenceActivity 24: Classifying Facts and
DetailsActivity 25: Making GeneralizationsActivity 26: Using a Bar
Graph to Interpret DataActivity 27: Analyzing a Political
CartoonActivity 28: Forming HypothesesActivity 29: Developing a
Process to Solve a ProblemActivity 30: Interpreting DataActivity
31: Recognizing Point of ViewActivity 32: Interpreting
EditorialsActivity 33: Interpreting Charts and TablesActivity 34:
Writing to Inform an Audience
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