Top Banner
Why did we need a New Social Contract
102

Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Dec 27, 2015

Download

Documents

Giles Parks
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Why did we need a New Social Contract

Page 2: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Problems with the Confederation

» Could Not levy taxes» Could not maintain armed forces» Could not control commerce» Could not enforce it’s own laws» Could not settle disputes among states

Page 3: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Foundation Of the Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty

• Separation of Powers

• Checks and Balances

• Federalism

• Supremacy of Federal Government

• Civilian Control of Government

Page 4: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

The Preamble spells out the goals of the Constitution.

• We the People of the United States• In order to form a more perfect union• Establish justice• Insure domestic tranquility• Provide for the common defense• Promote the general welfare• Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and

our posterity• Do ordain and establish this Constitution for the

United States of America

Page 5: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Foundations of the Constitution

• Popular Sovereignty

• Separation of powers

• Checks & Balances

• Federalism

• Supremacy of National Laws

• Civilian Control of Government

Page 6: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Popular Sovereignty

• The power to govern belongs to the people– Extending that right with the 15th, 17th, 19th,

24th, and 26th Amendments.

Page 7: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Separation of powers

• Legislative– Lawmaking Branch– Article I

• Executive– Law Enforcing Branch– Article II

• Judicial– Interprets Laws – Article III

Page 8: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Responsibility to the people

• Each branch has a different Job and is responsible to a different constituency.

• President—

• Congress—– House– Senate

• Supreme Court

Page 9: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Length of Term

• President—

• Congress– House—– Senate—

• Supreme Court and other Federal Judges—

Page 10: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Checks & Balances

• Checks & Balances– Executive

• Legislative• Judicial

– Legislative• Executive• Judicial

– Judicial• Executive• Legislative

Page 11: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Federalism

• State Powers– Driving Age– Drinking Age– Speed Limit– Taxation– Hunting laws– Automobile modifications– Malpractice awards– Marriage and custody laws– Control of Liquor Stores – Fireworks– Stupid Laws

• Federal Powers– Treaties– Interstate – Military– Drug Laws– Federal taxes– State disputes– Counterfeiting – Printing Money

Page 12: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Silly State Laws

• It is contrary to Pennsylvania law to discharge a gun, cannon, revolver or other explosive weapon at a wedding.

• It illegal to sleep on top of a refrigerator outdoors. • Any motorist driving along a country road at night must

stop every mile and send up a rocket signal, wait 10 minutes for the road to be cleared of livestock, and continue.

• A special cleaning ordinance bans housewives from hiding dirt and dust under a rug in a dwelling.

• Dynamite is not to be used to catch fish.

Page 13: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

West Virginia Laws

• No children may attend school with their breath smelling of "wild onions."

• Road kill may be taken home for supper.

Page 14: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Supremacy of Federal Laws and The Constitution

• No state law may conflict with federal law or the Constitution.– California Proposition 215 in 1996– Medicinal use of marijuana – The Supreme Court Maintains it is illegal

because of the Controlled Substances Act

Page 15: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Civilian Control of Military

• President – Commander in Chief is a civilian

• War Powers Act

Page 16: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Methods of proposing and ratifying Amendments to the Constitution

• Page 71

Page 17: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Fundamental Law

• Very generalized/ Basic Principles

• Some State Constitutions specify what type of vine should grow on the walls of prisons and the salary of officials.– Why is this impractical

Page 18: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Federalism Powers

• Delegated– Specifically granted in the Constitution

• Concurrent– Shared by the National Government and the states.

• Reserved– Kept by the States

• Implied– Not specifically stated in the Constitution but result

normally from delegated powers.• Prohibited

– Denied to any government in the Country.

Page 19: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Locate 3 Delegated powers from Article I, II, and III

Page 20: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Marbury vs. Madison

• Video

Page 21: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I

Page 22: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section I

• Law Making Body– Congress

Page 23: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section II

• House of Reps– Terms– Qualifications– Distribution– Filling Vacancies– Officers– Impeachment

Page 24: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section III

• Senate– Terms– Qualifications– Filling Vacancies– Officers– Impeachment Trial

Page 25: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section IV

• Both Houses – Holding elections

• Times, places, and manner shall be prescribed by the state legislatures

• Meetings– Congress shall assemble at least once a

year– 1st Monday in December, unless changed

by law• Changed by 20th Amendment

Page 26: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section V

• Each shall be the judge of elections, returns and qualifications of its own members– A majority shall constitute a quorum– Members may be compelled to attend as provided– Penalties for non-compliance may be provided by each

House• Proceedings

– Each House determines rules for proceedings– May punish members for disorderly conduct– May expel members by a 2/3's vote

• Journal– A record of the proceedings of each House shall be kept

and published (Congressional Record)• Adjournment

Page 27: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.
Page 28: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section VI

• Privileges and Restrictions– Pay and privileges

• Shall receive compensation according to law, from the U.S. Treasury

• Free from arrest going to, during, and leaving sessions of Congress, except in serious cases - treason, murder, etc.– Congressional Immunity– May not be sued for slander of libel for anything they say in

Congress

• Members cannot hold other offices– May not hold Federal, state, of local office while serving in

Congress

Page 29: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section VII

• Method of Passing Laws

Page 30: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section VIII

• Powers Granted To Congress– Lay and collect taxes– Borrow Money

• How much is our National Debt

– Power to regulate Interstate Commerce• Internet Commerce• Establish laws concerning naturalization and uniform

bankruptcy laws

– Print and coin money and establish its value – Power to provide punishment for counterfeiting

Page 31: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

How much is 3 Trillion

• A $1.00 bill is 6 inches in length. If 8 trillion bills were laid end to end, they would stretch from the earth to the sun, back to earth, and then to Mars and back twice. A distance of 755 million miles.

• If you counted 8 trillion one dollar bills at a rate of one a second, it would take you _______ years.– 253,000 years or about 3617 lifetimes with an

average life expectancy of 70 years of age..• 8 trillion dollars made up of stacked $1,000 bills

would be ________high.– 534 miles high

Page 32: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article I Section VIII Cont’d

• Power to establish Post Offices and Post Roads • Power to promote science and arts by securing exclusive

rights to their writings and discoveries for limited times– Patents –inventions– Copyrights – writings

• Establish Federal Courts under the Supreme Court• Define and punish piracy• Raise and support an armed forces• Declare War

Page 33: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article 1 Section 8 Continued

• Call up militia to repel invasions and suppress insurrections

Page 34: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article 1 Section 9

• Forbidden Powers– No slave trade intervention until 1808– Suspension of a writ of habeas corpus– Bill of attainder or ex post facto law– Levy a direct tax except in proportion to the

population– Export tax– Favored trade status for a state

Page 35: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article 1 Section 10

• Powers Forbidden to the states– Make treaties– Coin Money– Pass bill of attainder– Tax imports or exports– Keep troops or warships in peacetime without

consent of Congress

Page 36: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Counterfeiting Laws IT'S THE LAW

Manufacturing counterfeit United States currency or altering genuine currency to increase its value is a violation of Title 18, Section 471 of the United States Code and is punishable by a fine of up to $5,000, or 15 years imprisonment, or both.

Possession of counterfeit United States obligations with fraudulent intent is a violation of Title 18, Section 472 of the United States Code and is punishable by a fine of up to $15,000, or 15 years imprisonment, or both.

Anyone who manufactures a counterfeit U.S. coin in any denomination above five cents is subject to the same penalties as all other counterfeiters. Anyone who alters a genuine coin to increase its numismatic value is in violation of Title 18, Section 331 of the United States Code, which is punishable by a fine of up to $2,000, or imprisonment for up to 5 years, or both.

Forging, altering, or trafficking in United States Government checks, bonds, or other obligations is a violation of Title 18, Section 510 of the United States Code and is punishable by a fine of up to $10,000, or ten years imprisonment, or both.

Printed reproductions, including photographs of paper currency, checks, bonds, postage stamps, revenue stamps, and securities of the United States and foreign governments (except under the conditions previously listed) are violations of Title 18, Section 474 of the United States Code. Violations are punishable by fines of up to $5,000, or 15 years imprisonment, or both.

Page 37: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article II

Page 38: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article II Section I

• President

Page 39: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Vice President

Page 40: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Electoral College

• President elected by electors or delegates chosen by the voters.(Representative Democracy)

• Electoral delegates by state

Page 41: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Presidential Election time

• First Tuesday after the first Monday in November.

• The President is chosen on the first Monday after the second Wednesday in December.

Page 42: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article II Section I Clause 5

• Qualifications to be President

• 35 years of age

• Natural Born Citizen

• Citizen for 14 years

Page 43: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article II Section I Clause 6

• Line of Succession

• President– Vice President– Speaker Of The House– Pres. Pro Tempore– Cabinet Level by creation date

Page 44: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Salary

• The President receives a salary which cannot be increased or decreased during his/her time in office(currently $400,000)

Page 45: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Military Power

• Commander in Chief of the US Armed Forces

• Head of all executive Departments

Page 46: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Reprieves, Pardons, and Amnesty

• Reprieve-Delay in sentence

• Pardon-Forgiveness for a crime

• Amnesty-Pardon for a large group

Page 47: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Treaty Making and Appointment

• Advice and consent from 2/3 of the Senate

• Appointed officials (Cabinet level officers and Federal Court Judges) need a majority approval from the Senate

Page 48: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Filling Vacancies

• May appoint officials temporarily without Senate approval when Congress is not in session

Page 49: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Duties of the President

• Send Special Messages to Congress

• May call special Sessions of Congress

• Receives Ambassadors

• Executes the law

• Commissions officers of the Armed Forces

Page 50: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Impeachment

• The President, Vice President, and all civil officers may be removed if convicted of treason, bribery, or other high crimes

Page 51: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Who makes up the:

• Legislative Branch

• Executive Branch

Page 52: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

What are the main jobs of:

• Legislative Branch

• Executive Branch

Page 53: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article III

The Judiciary

Page 54: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Federal Courts

• Power is vested in the hands of the Supreme Court and lower courts established by Congress – Federal judges hold office for life but may be

impeached

Page 55: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Chief Justice William Rehnquist

Page 56: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Sandra Day O’Connor

Page 57: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Scalia

Page 58: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Ginsberg

Page 59: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Thomas

Page 60: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Breyer

Page 61: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Kennedy

Page 62: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Souter

Page 63: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Justice Stevens

Page 64: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Jurisdiction

• The Constitution– Flag Case

• Federal Laws– Terrorism

• Treaties• The US, a State, and citizens of different States• Ambassadors• Consuls of different nations

Page 65: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Supreme Court Jurisdiction

• Involving Ambassadors

• Officials of foreign nations

• Involving States

• On appeal from lower courts

Page 66: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Conduct of Trials

• Federal Crimes except impeachment are conducted in states where crime occurred

Page 67: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Treason

• Robert Hansen

• John Walker American Taliban

• Congress declares the punishment

Page 68: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article IV

• Full Faith and Credit– Laws records and legal decisions

• Licenses• Marriage

Page 69: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

• If a couple gets married in another state, their home state would also have to consider them married - unless those states had a so-called defense of marriage act, which explicitly defines marriage as only being between a man and a woman. Thirty-seven states have such laws.

Page 70: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Privileges of Citizens

• Equal Treatment– Some Exceptions– Tuition

• Fugitive Criminals

• New States and Territories

Page 71: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article V

• How to amend the Constitution

Page 72: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article VI

• Supremacy

Page 73: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Article VII

• Ratification

Page 74: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 1

• Free Speech

• Free Press

• Assembly

• Petition

• Religion

Page 75: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 2

• Right to bear arms– Does the Constitution guarantee the right to

bear arms?

Page 76: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 3

• Freedom from Quartering soldiers– Why was this Amendment created

Page 77: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 4

• Freedom from Illegal Search and seizure

Page 78: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 5

• Guarantees due process

• Protection from Double Jeopardy

• Testifying against yourself

• Eminent Domain

Page 79: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 6

• Guarantees speedy trial

• Impartial jury of your peers

• Be informed of your charges

• Face your accusers

• Call your own witnesses

• Assistance of counsel for your defense– Does the government have to provide

counsel?

Page 80: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 7

• Civil suits involving large sums of money are tried in Federal Court.

Page 81: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

8th Amendment

• Protection from excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

Page 82: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

9th Amendment

• Reserved rights of the people

Page 83: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

10th Amendment

• Reserved rights of the states

Page 84: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

11th Amendment

• No federal Court may try a case where a state is being sued by a citizen of another state.

Page 85: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

12th Amendment

• Provided for separate election of President and Vice President.– Election of 1800

• First election with political parties• Democratic Republicans Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr• vs.• Federalists John Adams and Charles Pickney• Constitution states electors shall cast two votes and the

candidate with the most votes shall be President and the second most shall be Vice President.

• Running mates Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied at 73 because the votes were cast together.

• Adams and Pickney received 65 and 64.

Page 86: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

12th Amendment Continued

• Even though the Democratic Republicans had intended Jefferson to be President the decision fell upon the House of Reps which was dominated by Federalists.

• Initially the House was going to select Aaron Burr, but Alexander Hamilton the legislative leader encouraged the House to elect Jefferson because of his long time hatred with Aaron Burr.

Page 87: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

The Duel• Hoping that a victory on the dueling ground could revive his flagging

political career, Burr challenged Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton wanted to avoid the duel, but politics left him no choice. If he admitted to Burr's charge, which was substantially true, he would lose his honor. If he refused to duel, the result would be the same. Either way, his political career would be over.

After Hamilton's and Burr's seconds tried without success to settle the matter amicably, the two political enemies met on the dueling grounds at Weehawken, New Jersey on the morning of July 11. Each fired a shot from a .56 caliber dueling pistol. Burr was unscathed; Hamilton fell to the ground mortally wounded. He died the next day.

Instead of reviving Burr's political career, the duel helped to end it. Burr was charged with two counts of murder. After his term as vice president ended, he would never hold elective office again. And his next plot to gain power would end with charges of treason.

Page 88: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

13th Amendment

• Abolished Slavery

Page 89: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

14th Amendment

• Defines a citizen– Equal Protection CLause

Page 90: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

15th Amendment

• Granted former slaves the right to vote.

Page 91: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

16th Amendment

• Graduated Income Tax

Page 92: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

17th Amendment

• Direct Election of US Senators

Page 93: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 18

• Started Prohibition

Page 94: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 19

• Women’s Suffrage

Page 95: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 20

• Changed Inauguration Dates and Congressional Meeting times (Lame Duck Amendment).

Page 96: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 21

• Ended Prohibition

Page 97: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 22

• Limits the President to 2 four year terms (FDR)

Page 98: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 23

• Three electoral votes for Washington D.C.

Page 99: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 24

• Ended the use of a poll tax

Page 100: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 25

• Cleared up questions of Presidential Succession

Page 101: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 26

• Changed Voting age from 21 to 18

Page 102: Why did we need a New Social Contract Problems with the Confederation »Could Not levy taxes »Could not maintain armed forces »Could not control commerce.

Amendment 27

• Congressional Pay raises will not take effect until after the next House election.