Why creativity? new technologynew problems new demandsgood life ITbioTothers resources pollution degradation knowledge society learn to learn empowerment.

why creativity?

new technology new problems

new demands good life

IT bioT othersresources

pollution

degradation

knowledge society

learn to learn

empowerment

pleasure

“Creativity defies precise definition. This conclusion does not bother me at all. In fact, I am quite happy with it. Creativity is almost infinite.

It involves every sense - sight, smell, hearing, feeling, taste, and - even perhaps the extrasensory. Much of it is unseen, nonverbal, and unconscious. Therefore,

even if we had a precise conception of creativity, I am certain we would had difficulty putting it into words.”

E.P. Torrance

Associative (habit) Bissociative (originality)

¤ association within the ¤ bissociation of independent confines of a given matrix matrices¤ guidance by preconscious ¤ guidance by sub-conscious or extra-conscious processes normally under processes restraint¤ dynamic equilibrium ¤ activation of regenerative

potentials¤ rigid to flexible variations ¤ super-flexibility (recolor of a theme pour mieux sauter)¤ repetitiveness ¤ novelty¤ conservative ¤ destructive-constructive

A. Koestler

Creative persons (S):

Engineers OS

problem solving

Artists S O

Artistic work

Inventors SO

O

O O

life-style

creativityexpertise

creativethinking skills

motivationT. Amabile

“What is creativity? Among other things, it is ability to

challenge assumptions, recognize patterns,

see in new ways, make connections,

take risks, and seize upon a chance.”

Herrmann (1996)

person product

presstools

process

The ( 4 P +T) model

The systems view of creativity:

domain

field individual

creativeproduction(novelty)

culture

Societypersonal

background

selectsnovelty

transmitsinformation

stimulatesnovelty

M. Csikszentmihalyi

product

environment

creativityresearch

personality

process

learning&cognition

art scientific discoveries problem solving

positive factors negative factors

creativepersonalityfluency flexibility

originality sensitivity redefinition to problems

penetration analysis synthesis

the creative process:

• preparation• incubation• illumination (Aha!)•verification

Wallas (1926)

learningapproaches

feminine masculine

visual auditory kinaesthetic

neocortex

mammalianbrain

reptilianbrain

quantitative synthesisingfact-based integrating analytical

intuitivelogical holistic

organised

interpersonalsequential feeling-based

planned kinaestheticdetailed emotional

MacLean (1974)

The whole brain model

Aupperleft

Bupperright

lowerleftB

lowerright

C

Herrmann (1996)

Mental locks:

1. The right answer2. That is not logical3. Follow the rules

4. Be practical5. Play is frivolous

6. That is not my area7. Do not be foolish8. Avoid ambiguity9. To err is wrong

10. I am not creative

Kelley (2001)

Brainstorming

Rule 1: Criticism is ruled outRule 2: Free-wheeling is welcomedRule 3: Quantity is desiredRule 4: Combination and improvement are sought

+sharpen the focus, playful rules,number your ideas, build andjump, stretch your mentalmuscles, get physical.

-the boss gets to speak first,everybody gets a turn, expertsonly please, do it off-site,no silly stuff, write down all

Scamper technique:

S: substituteC: CombineA: AdaptM: Modify Magnify MinifyP: Put toE: EliminateR: Reverse Rearrange

Eberle (1971)

Picture Stimulation:

1. Select pictures from various sources2. Each participant is asked to describe what he/she sees in the picture3. The group members are then asked to relate the information gained from the picture to the problem4. This process is the continued until the group has run out of ideas5. A new picture is selected and go to 2. until enough ideas have been developed6. The ideas are then discussed, developed and evaluated by the group

mindmapping

ideas radialconnection

applications

icons

words

process

connectiveness

expansion

wholeness

overview

communication problem solving

structuring planning

CREATIVE COMPANIES

• IDEO • UNITED SPACES DENMARK

America's Leading

design firm

Creates everything everywhere

any time

Main tool brainstorming

Principle:team workflexibility

originalityfun

Innovative working place with mobileworking places

Creates a flexibleand efficient officesolution

Main tools: networking knowledge sharing creativity

Good for new innovatorsand new teams to learn anew working culture

Styles ofcreativity

visioning exploring

modifying experimenting

Miller (1999)

paradigmpreserving

Brainstorming Brainwriting 5W+H

Force-field analysis word diamond many others

paradigmstretching

object stimulation metaphors

rolestorming many others

paradigmbreaking

wishful thinking imagining

rich pictures wildest ideas others

paradigmpreserving

morestructured

paradigmbreaking

lessstructured

paradigmstretching

5w+H

imagining

metaphor

force-fieldanalysis

brainstorming

wildest

idea

rolestorming

objectstimulation

divergentthinking

convergent thinking

Creative Problem Solving Process

1. mess finding

2. fact finding

3. problem finding

4. idea finding

5. solution finding

6. acceptance finding

Example of CPS

1. Mess generation: identify areas of concern (energy crisis ,environment, logistics,...); brainstorm problem identification; What are the most critical problems? Pick 3, then 1. 2. Problem clarification: illustrations, causes, caused problems. What are the dimensions of the problem? 3. Problem identification: Formulate the problem as precise as possible. 4. Idea finding: Brainstorm for solutions; use other tools (stretching, breaking); solve parts of the problem. 5. Synthesizing the solution: Pick up the best elements from the last stage; develop a Gestalt-closure; does it fit to the problem statement. 6. Implementation: Action plan (Who? How? When?What? Where?) What precautions and obstacles should be watched for? How to overcome obstacles?

TRAINNING YOUR CREATIVITY

1.1. Change your physical environment2. Set sometime3. Be another person4. Put your problem away5. Use your network6. Write down7. Do something else8. Play9. Break your routines10. Learn a new creative tool each

week11. Learn to draw12. Learn to model with clay13. Adopt a genius14. Begin to day

Uses Of

creativity

Future Studies Product development

Innovation Conflict Every-day

A goodcreativeprocess

Plan warm-up fun

paper

pens Drink&food

toys

Inspiration

Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

• He had a keen eye and a quick mind• He made important scientific discoveries • He was a gentle vegetarian• He loved animals• He was a military engineer• He invented advanced wapons• He was one of the greatest painters

Incubation CPS process

Leonardo creativity?

person

group

IDEOUNITED SPACES

brain

mental locks

tools

Styles

Continuum

Divergent/Covergent

Trainning