Why are they dark? The Early Middle Ages The Dark Ages in Western Europe 476-1000AD
Jan 15, 2016
Why are they dark? The Early Middle
AgesThe Dark Ages in Western Europe
476-1000AD
The Dark Ages: Europe after the Fall of Rome
Barbarian Conquests in Europe Anglos and Saxons emigrate to England Franks Ostrogoths - Spain Lombards - Italy
Village Life in Stowa, England
What are the 3 Roots of the emerging culture in Europe?
1 2 3 Which acted as strongest civilizing force?
Ordeal of a Queen Read the primary source… Answer the questions 1-4
Discuss 5. Compare this to Roman standards of
law.
Boundaries FluctuatedTribal Warfare Almost Constant
Nations did not exist Chiefs of clans Towns and cities lost pop. to rural areas
What languages are being spoken in southern Europe where Roman influence is more prominent?
Pope Gregory I After Justinian’s reign ended During darkest time - 590AD
Negotiated with attacking Lombards Rome’s mayor: Organized armies, fed poor Supported spread of Christianity missionaries go north among Angles and Saxons Aiden
Anglo-Saxon Missionaries Patrick to Ireland Aidan in England
founds Lindesfarne monastary
Cuthbert, abbot Lindesfarne Gospels
Left: A pilgrim stands by a cross on Croagh Patrick, a mountain located in the west of Ireland, where Saint Patrick fasted for forty days in 441 AD.
St. Cuthbert, the “Wonder Worker of England” for his healing powers
Monasteries preserve what? Sister Scholastica - nunneries The Rules (540AD)
No wandering monks 8x day for prayer 7 hours day for work 2 hours day for study of Bible/religious books 1-2 meals a day
Poverty, chastity, obedience, stability
St. Benedict
Men of Cloth in The Dark Ages, part 6
Frankish Warriors Merovingian Dynasty Conquers, Converts Clovis 496AD -
Constantine-like conversion in battle Drives Visogoths into Spain
Allies and armies of the Pope Converted non-Catholics
Note long hair
Frankish lands
The Merovingian Franks’ Problem Succession leads to divisions Delegated a lot of authority and
responsibility to … The Major Domo: like a prime minister
Merovingians and Major Domos First of the Carolingian Franks
Charles Martel – “The Hammer” Extended and united the Franks’ lands 732 CE Stopped Muslim invasion at Battle of Tours in
France stirrups
“Combat de Charles Martel” Louvre, ParisNot medieval sculpture Carolingians: Medieval sculpture
At St. Denis Cathedral, France
A Carolingian Frank wants to be king…the Hammer’s Son… Pepin the Short Asks Pope who should be
king? “He who has the
authority, not just the name.”
Pope anointed him
Defeated Lombards for the Pope
an alliance is born
Note shorter hair…
Charlemagne, son of Pepin, grandson of Charles Martel…What was his greatest achievement?
Break down roots of his name...
Charlemagne’s Capital CityAachen
The Dark Ages: Part 8
Expanded and Monitored his kingdom Warred against the Lombards, Avars, Saxons,
Muslim Moors Creates counties and counts to rule Uses royal agents from his court Charlemagne travels and does not remain in
Aachen, his capital
Unified most of Western Europe
Carolingian Renaissance
Charlemagne’s directions Palace school - Alcuin of
York, educated abbott Monasteries and
Cathedrals to run schools "On Scribes - That They
Should Not Write Corruptly"
Carolingian Miniscule results
Charlemagne Crowned Emperor on Christmas Day, 800AD Hail Charles
Augustus! How did the
Byzantines view this?
Einhard on Charlemagne’s crowning:
“He, at first, had such an aversion that he declared that he would not have set foot in the Church the day that they [the imperial titles] were conferred, although it was a great feast-day, if he could have foreseen the design of the Pope.”
Charlemagne’s Grandsons Fight
843 - Treaty of Verdun ends a civil war.
Vikings
The Dark Ages: Vikings
Items from the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History
Viking Invasions: 793-1000
L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland
Native American carving of a Viking cleric
What ends the Viking invasions? 1. 2. 3.
The Dark Ages: Vikings
What were Feudalism’s Obligations and Privileges?
Those who fought Those who prayed Those who worked
The Ceremony of
Investiture Public power
became private
The Manor: A Lord’s Seat of Power
And an Economic Unit of Power
Evolution of a Manor…Mott and Bailey w/ Wooden Keep
…to a Castle
1200s- 1400s
1000 –1200s AD
Mott and Bailey w/ Stone keep at Château de Gisors, France