This paper, in its entirety, can be found at: www.heritage.org/Research/xxx/bg2271.cfm Produced by the Government Relations Department Published by The Heritage Foundation 214 Massachusetts Avenue, NE Washington, DC 20002–4999 (202) 546-4400 • heritage.org Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflect- ing the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress. • President Obama believes America’s wealthi- est households have become too wealthy compared to other Americans. The best way to “remedy” this income inequality is to increase their federal tax burden. • The President proposes reinstating the 36 percent and 39.6 percent rates (up from 33 percent and 35 percent) for taxpayers earn- ing more than $250,000 (married) and $200,000 (single), among other increases. • Nearly half a million households in the tri- state New York metropolitan area would shoulder the largest increase—$9.75 billion, almost one-fifth the national total. The situa- tion is almost as grim for San Francisco, Bos- ton, Miami, Chicago, and Los Angeles. • The President’s proposal to raise the top tax rate on capital gains and dividend income disproportionately affects wealthy seniors, who derive more of their income from invest- ments than younger people. • Lawmakers whose constituencies include many successful entrepreneurs, investors, and professionals should understand that their economies will bear a disproportionate share of the new tax burden. Talking Points No. 2271 July 29, 2009 Who Will Pay for President Obama’s Tax Increases? Michael G. Franc In his February 24, 2009, speech to Congress, President Barack Obama described his plan to increase the tax burden on high-income Americans: Now, let me be clear—let me be absolutely clear, because I know you’ll end up hearing some of the same claims that rolling back these tax breaks means a massive tax increase on the American people: If your family earns less than $250,000 a year—a quarter million dollars a year—you will not see your taxes increased a single dime. I repeat: Not one single dime. [Applause.] Not a dime. In fact, the recovery plan provides a tax cut—that’s right, a tax cut—for 95 percent of working families. And by the way, these checks are on the way. According to the President’s fiscal year (FY) 2010 budget blueprint, wealthy taxpayers will indeed pay a higher tax rate on the income they derive from wages and salaries, taxable interest, business income, capital gains, dividends, and retirement income. The Presi- dent also proposes to scale back the value of their itemized deductions, such as charitable contribu- tions, state and local taxes, and mortgage interest. Specifically, President Obama proposes to: • Reinstate the 36 percent and 39.6 percent rates (up from the current rates of 33 percent and 35 per- cent) for taxpayers earning more than $250,000 (married) and $200,000 (single); • Reinstate the personal exemption phase-out and limitation on itemized deductions for those taxpay-
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This paper, in its entirety, can be found at: www.heritage.org/Research/xxx/bg2271.cfm
Produced by the Government Relations Department
Published by The Heritage Foundation214 Massachusetts Avenue, NEWashington, DC 20002–4999(202) 546-4400 • heritage.org
Nothing written here is to be construed as necessarily reflect-ing the views of The Heritage Foundation or as an attempt to aid or hinder the passage of any bill before Congress.
• President Obama believes America’s wealthi-est households have become too wealthycompared to other Americans. The best wayto “remedy” this income inequality is toincrease their federal tax burden.
• The President proposes reinstating the 36percent and 39.6 percent rates (up from 33percent and 35 percent) for taxpayers earn-ing more than $250,000 (married) and$200,000 (single), among other increases.
• Nearly half a million households in the tri-state New York metropolitan area wouldshoulder the largest increase—$9.75 billion,almost one-fifth the national total. The situa-tion is almost as grim for San Francisco, Bos-ton, Miami, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
• The President’s proposal to raise the top taxrate on capital gains and dividend incomedisproportionately affects wealthy seniors,who derive more of their income from invest-ments than younger people.
• Lawmakers whose constituencies includemany successful entrepreneurs, investors,and professionals should understand thattheir economies will bear a disproportionateshare of the new tax burden.
Talking Points
No. 2271July 29, 2009
Who Will Pay for President Obama’s Tax Increases?Michael G. Franc
In his February 24, 2009, speech to Congress,President Barack Obama described his plan toincrease the tax burden on high-income Americans:
Now, let me be clear—let me be absolutelyclear, because I know you’ll end up hearingsome of the same claims that rolling back thesetax breaks means a massive tax increase on theAmerican people: If your family earns less than$250,000 a year—a quarter million dollars ayear—you will not see your taxes increased asingle dime. I repeat: Not one single dime.[Applause.] Not a dime. In fact, the recoveryplan provides a tax cut—that’s right, a taxcut—for 95 percent of working families. Andby the way, these checks are on the way.
According to the President’s fiscal year (FY) 2010budget blueprint, wealthy taxpayers will indeed pay ahigher tax rate on the income they derive from wagesand salaries, taxable interest, business income, capitalgains, dividends, and retirement income. The Presi-dent also proposes to scale back the value of theiritemized deductions, such as charitable contribu-tions, state and local taxes, and mortgage interest.
Specifically, President Obama proposes to:
• Reinstate the 36 percent and 39.6 percent rates (upfrom the current rates of 33 percent and 35 per-cent) for taxpayers earning more than $250,000(married) and $200,000 (single);
• Reinstate the personal exemption phase-out andlimitation on itemized deductions for those taxpay-
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July 29, 2009
ers earning over $250,000 or $200,000, respec-tively; and
• Increase the top rate on capital gains and divi-dends from 15 percent to 20 percent for thosetaxpayers earning more than $250,000 or$200,000, respectively.1
Altogether, the White House Office of Manage-ment and Budget projects that these changes willraise taxes on wealthy Americans by $636.7 billionover the next decade, with the increase projected tostart at $28.4 billion in 2011 and rise quickly to $49billion in 2012, $58.1 billion in 2013, $67.3 billionin 2014, and $98.6 billion by 2019.2
President Obama believes America’s wealthiesthouseholds have become too wealthy and that thebest way to “remedy” this situation is to increasetheir federal tax burden. In a message accompany-ing his FY 2010 budget, the President explainedhis reasoning:
For the better part of three decades, a dispro-portionate share of the Nation’s wealth hasbeen accumulated by the very wealthy. Yet,instead of using the tax code to lessen theseincreasing wage disparities, changes in thetax code over the past eight years exacer-bated them.
According to the Internal Revenue Service,the Nation’s top 400 taxpayers made morethan $263 million on average in 2006, butpaid income taxes at the lowest rate in the15 years in which these data have been
reported. In constant dollars, the averageincome of the top 400 taxpayers nearly qua-drupled since 1992.
It’s no surprise, then, that wealth began to beever more concentrated at the top. By 2004,the wealthiest 10 percent of households held70 percent of total wealth, and the combinednet worth of the top 1 percent of familieswas larger than that of the bottom 90 per-cent. In fact, the top 1 percent took homemore than 22 percent of total nationalincome, up from 10 percent in 1980... Andthese disparities are felt far beyond one’sbank statement as several studies have founda direct correlation between health outcomesand personal income.3
However one assesses his rationale, it is clear thatthe President’s proposal will dramatically increasethe federal tax burden on a relatively small group oftaxpayers.4 This paper examines the geographicaldistribution as well as the extent of these proposedtax increases. The analysis relates solely to the Pres-ident’s proposal to increase the top marginal taxrates on wage and investment income on thewealthiest taxpayers as well as his proposal to phaseout their personal exemptions and cap their item-ized deductions, and omits any additional taxincreases that may be borne by these same taxpayersas a result of efforts to reform health care5 or controlthe emission of carbon dioxide through a “cap-and-trade” scheme.6
1. U.S. Office of Management and Budget, A New Era of Responsibility: Renewing America’s Promise, (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2009), at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/assets/fy2010_new_era/A_New_Era_of_Responsibility2.pdf (May 8, 2009).
2. Ibid.,Table S-6, “Mandatory and Receipt Proposals,” p. 123.
3. Ibid., p. 9.
4. The budget resolution for FY 2010 essentially incorporates this plan.
5. See Laura Meckler, “Tax Boost Proposed for Estates, Firms,” The Wall Street Journal, May 9, 2009, p. A3, who reports on the Administration’s proposal to squeeze an estimated $60 billion “in new tax increases over 10 years on wealthy estates, businesses and others to make up for shortfalls in its fund to pay for an expensive overhaul of the health-care system.”
6. See, for example, media accounts indicating that the amount set aside in the FY 2010 budget for a cap-and-trade initiative is inadequate: “President Obama’s climate plan could cost industry close to $2 trillion, nearly three times the White House’s initial estimate of the so-called ‘cap-and-trade’ legislation, according to Senate staffers who were briefed by the White House.” (The Washington Times, March 19, 2009). Or “A top White House economic adviser told Senate staff a proposed cap-and-trade system could raise ‘two to three times’ the administration’s existing $646 billion revenue estimate, according to five people at the meeting. Jason Furman, deputy director of the National Economic Council, offered the estimate at a Feb. 26 meeting on Capitol Hill with a bipartisan group of staffers…” (The Wall Street Journal, March 17, 2009).
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No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Where Do They Live?Not surprisingly, President Obama’s proposed tax
increase will affect some regions more severely thanothers. Affluent residents in major metropolitan areas,such as the tri-state New York region, the San Fran-cisco Bay Area, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Miami,Chicago, Boston, Seattle, Las Vegas, and Washington,D.C., will face the largest tax hikes—which couldexceed $2,000 per month per affected household.
IRS data for the 2006 tax year, the latest year forwhich this data is available, tells us where thesewealthy taxpayers reside. Taxpayers with incomesof at least $200,000 can be sorted by metropolitanarea, county, congressional district, and even zip code.Their non-salary income (additional income fromdividends, interest, capital gains, and small busi-nesses, as well as distributions from IRAs, pensions,and other forms of retirement income) is also known,as well as their total tax payments for that year.
While their investment portfolios, home values,salaries, and bonuses may be dramatically lowerdue to the current economic recession, their geo-graphic distribution is likely to remain the same.Beverly Hills, Fifth Avenue, Greenwich, and PacificHeights will continue to be enclaves of great (ifsomewhat diminished) wealth relative to other partsof the country. In any event, White House econo-mists claim that by 2012 (the first year in which thefull force of the tax hikes will take effect) the econ-omy will be growing at a robust 4.6 percent clip, theunemployment rate will have fallen to 6 percent,and inflation will be a relatively inconsequential 2percent. Income tax receipts in 2012, they also pre-dict, will have recovered as well, increasing from$1,044 billion in 20067 to $1,378 billion.8 The cur-rent economic malaise, in short, will be but a histor-ical footnote.
Examining where these taxpayers live can offer areliable roadmap to determining who will pay thesehigher taxes, and can help inform lawmakers at thestate, local, and federal levels how the proposed taxhikes could affect their constituencies.
Who Will Pay?In 2006, more than 3.9 million taxpayers
reported income in excess of $200,000—these arethe people who will comprise the overwhelmingmajority of those facing tax increases under thePresident’s plan.9 Including non-salary income,these taxpayers earned $1.7 trillion that year, anaverage of $435,300 per household.
There are disproportionately large concentra-tions of these high-wage households in the largestmetropolitan areas. While the 15 largest metro areasare home to one-third of the nation’s taxpayers,almost half (1.9 million) of those targeted for thePresident’s tax increase live in these regions, andbecause their incomes are so high (an average of$498,000) they will be responsible for a dispropor-tionate 62 percent of the national total.
The formula used to calculate the extent of theproposed tax increase is as follows:
1. Calculate the total income for households withwage and salary incomes over $200,000 per year.10
2. Subtract $250,000 in wage and salary income,personal exemptions, and total itemized deduc-tions11 for each affected household.
3. Apply the higher income tax rates, assumed tobe an additional 3.5 percentage points, to theremaining income.
4. Assume the tax on all capital gains and dividendincome reported by these taxpayers will rise by5 percentage points.
7. Budget of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2009, Table 2.1, Receipts by Source 1934-2013, Historical Tables.
8. A New Era of Responsibility, Table S-3, “Baseline Projection of Current Policy by Category,” p. 117.
9. A relatively small number of additional taxpayers—approximately 100,000 nationwide—earn enough in non-salary income to meet the President’s standard for a tax increase ($250,000 for joint filers, and $200,000 for those filing as individuals). IRS data does not allow identification of these taxpayers, so they are not included in the following calculations.
10. Total income is the total of wages and salaries, taxable interest, business income, and retirement income from pensions, annuities, Social Security, IRA distributions, and self-employment retirement plans.
11. Itemized deductions include deductions for charitable contributions, state and local taxes, and mortgage interest.
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5. Add an additional amount of tax liability (drawnfrom Obama’s own budget documents) to reflectthe added tax owed under his proposal to capitemized deductions, such as charitable giving,and phase out personal exemptions for high-income households.
Under this formula, these 3.9 million taxpayinghouseholds will face a total annual tax increase ofabout $49.8 billion, nearly identical to the increaseprojected by the White House for the first full yearin which the President’s tax increase is in effect($49 billion).
A significant amount of this increase, moreover,will be borne by small business owners who file asindividuals. According to a recent Joint Committeeon Taxation analysis of the President’s proposal,nearly half (47 percent) of the income that would be
subject to the marginal tax rate increases would beincome earned by small business owners who fileas individuals.12
A Big Bite Out of the Big AppleNearly half a million wealthy households in the
tri-state New York metropolitan area would bear thelargest tax increase, in both relative and absoluteterms. With nearly 7 percent of the nation’s taxpay-ers, the tri-state area is home to a little more than 12percent of the nation’s top earners, whose averageannual incomes exceed $586,000. The averageincrease for these taxpayers will be $20,223 peryear. Taxpayers in Manhattan will be hit the hardest,being required to fork over an additional $42,438.The tax increase for the Big Apple’s economic elite is$9.75 billion per year, which amounts to nearly 20percent of the national total.
12. Representative Dave Camp (R–MI), Ranking Republican on the Committee on Ways and Means, memo, “Effect of President Obama’s and Congressional Democrats’ Proposed Tax Increases on Small Business Activity,” April 23, 2009.
Tax Increases for Filers in the 15 Largest Metropolitan Areas
Sources: Heritage Foundation calculations based on 2006 data from the Internal Revenue Service.
Table 1 • B 2271Table 1 • B 2271 heritage.orgheritage.org
Filers With Incomes More Than $200,000
Metro Area StateTotal Tax Returns Tax Returns Total Income
Total New Tax Liability
Tax Increase Per Affected Taxpayer
New York NY 9,064,206 483,350 $296,170,589,731 $9,774,996,002 $20,223
Los Angeles CA 5,374,626 214,369 109,363,837,640 3,101,502,059 $14,468
Chicago IL 4,303,118 167,696 82,812,516,968 2,563,170,017 $15,285
Philadelphia PA 2,743,449 103,277 46,089,969,088 1,193,018,358 $11,552
Dallas TX 2,643,900 94,262 49,616,967,757 1,685,642,936 $17,883
District of Columbia DC 2,562,160 147,933 58,806,292,654 1,230,169,085 $8,316
Miami FL 2,517,236 91,423 58,233,813,500 2,458,732,997 $26,894
Houston TX 2,305,582 90,817 45,597,985,976 1,439,888,728 $15,855
Boston MA 2,161,490 112,666 59,619,824,778 1,927,657,897 $17,109
Detroit MI 2,008,102 51,075 19,660,718,049 396,152,431 $7,756
San Francisco CA 1,997,030 136,328 73,514,949,861 2,277,209,974 $16,704
Atlanta GA 1,970,602 71,177 34,637,797,136 1,030,757,266 $14,482
Phoenix AZ 1,647,008 54,406 25,424,219,592 765,070,634 $14,062
Seattle WA 1,571,802 64,993 30,400,507,137 977,429,886 $15,039
Riverside-San Bernardino CA 1,558,348 28,924 9,592,504,449 136,514,227 $4,720
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No. 2271 July 29, 2009
The story is much the same for other large metroareas. Over 136,000 well-heeled taxpayers in theSan Francisco Bay Area will be required to pay morethan $2.3 billion in additional taxes, about $16,700each. In Boston, more than 112,000 targeted house-holds would be required to ante up an additional$1.9 billion; in the Los Angeles metro area, the bur-den will be $3.1 billion spread among 214,000households; in Chicago, the increase will be $2.6billion per year, and so on. For the estimated taxincrease for affected taxpayers in the 15 largest met-ropolitan areas, see Table 1.
The President’s proposal to raise the top tax rateon capital gains and dividend income from 15 per-cent to 20 percent disproportionately affects afflu-ent seniors, who derive more of their income frominvestments than the working age population. Inthe Miami metro area, home to large numbers ofaffluent seniors, the 91,400 affected householdsearn more from capital gains ($25.9 billion) thanfrom wages and salaries ($21.9 billion), one of thefew major metropolitan areas where this is true. Notsurprisingly, the average tax increase for affectedMiami taxpayers is considerably higher than thenational average at $26,900; in Palm Beach Countyit is a sky-high $37,628. Affected taxpayers in theLas Vegas metro area also fit the profile of Miami,earning more in capital gains ($6.5 billion) than insalary and wages ($5.3 billion). In all, more than22,500 Las Vegas taxpayers will be required to sendan additional $583 million to Washington, or$25,912 per affected household.
Tax Increase by Congressional DistrictAffluent taxpayers in 47 congressional districts
will face a total annual tax increase of $250 millionor more; in 6 districts the increase will exceed $1billion. Two New York City congressional districts,separated only by a narrow sliver of RepresentativeCharles Rangel’s Harlem constituency, reflect the
two extremes of wealth in America. The so-calledSilk Stocking district on Manhattan’s East Side, rep-resented by Carolyn Maloney, includes the heaviestconcentration of these targeted taxpayers (48,124),while her colleague slightly to the north, Jose Ser-rano, who represents the impoverished SouthBronx, has only 137 taxpayers with wage and salaryincome sufficient to warrant a tax increase underthe President’s proposal. See Table 2 for the 50 con-gressional districts13 in which taxpayers face thelargest aggregate tax increases.
Wealthy taxpayers in 14 states face annual taxincreases in excess of $1,000 per month. In five—Wyoming, Nevada, New York, Florida, and Con-necticut—the annual tax increase exceeds $20,000per affected taxpayer. At the other extreme, theaverage annual tax hike will be less than $500 permonth in 7 states—West Virginia, North Dakota,Iowa, Alaska, New Mexico, Maine, and Mississippi.
Conclusion As the above analysis suggests, the brunt of the
President’s proposal to increase the tax burden onAmerica’s most economically successful citizens willimpact some regions more severely than others.Lawmakers who represent constituencies withheavy concentrations of successful entrepreneurs,investors, and other professionals should appreciatethe full extent to which their local economies willhave to shoulder this new, often multi-billion-dollarannual tax burden. While it is not the purpose ofthis paper to discuss the potential economic harmthat could befall these regions,14 lawmakers needto appreciate that major tax policy changes, suchas those proposed by the President, do not occur ina vacuum.
—Michael G. Franc is Vice President of GovernmentRelations at The Heritage Foundation. Landon Zinda,Research Assistant and Outreach Coordinator for Gov-ernment Relations, contributed to this paper.
13. Political scientists may find it interesting that 42 of these 50 congressional districts are in so-called Blue States; states whose voters opted for the Democratic Presidential candidate in November 2008.
14. For a detailed analysis of how changes in marginal tax rates can affect the overall level of economic activity, both positively and negatively, see U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Tax Analysis, A Dynamic Analysis of Permanent Extension of the President’s Tax Relief, July 25, 2006. In light of the recent decision by Treasury officials to remove this study from its Web site, copies may be requested directly from the author.
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Taxpayers Facing the Biggest Tax Increases, Ranked byCongressional District
Sources: Heritage Foundation calculations based on 2006 data from the Internal Revenue Service.
Table 2 • B 2271Table 2 • B 2271 heritage.orgheritage.org
Member of CongressState and District Party
Number of Tax Filers With Income More Than $200,000
Total ProjectedTax Increase
Average TotalNew Tax
Carolyn Maloney NY-14 D 48,124 $2,378,289,674 $49,420James Himes CT-04 D 42,078 $1,497,417,128 $35,587Jerrold Nadler NY-08 D 36,733 $1,375,342,391 $37,441Henry Waxman CA-30 D 42,409 $1,305,170,141 $30,776Anna Eshoo CA-14 D 40,677 $1,065,541,141 $26,195Ron Klein FL-22 D 24,571 $1,024,640,403 $41,702Nita Lowey NY-18 D 38,655 $991,688,957 $25,655Mark Kirk IL-10 R 35,616 $908,781,540 $25,516John Culberson TX-07 R 30,112 $779,374,242 $25,883Connie Mack FL-14 R 22,803 $691,581,963 $30,328Pete Sessions TX-32 R 19,340 $643,457,129 $33,271JohnCampbell CA-48 R 31,827 $616,178,385 $19,360Nancy Pelosi CA-08 D 21,116 $615,555,198 $29,151Ileana Ros-Lehtinen FL-18 R 15,842 $547,956,297 $34,589Danny Davis IL-07 D 16,363 $533,660,764 $32,615Barney Frank MA-04 D 21,115 $488,452,495 $23,133Rodney Frelinghuysen NY-11 R 35,629 $452,286,573 $12,694Lynn Woolsey CA-06 D 21,984 $408,099,302 $18,563Chris Van Hollen MD-08 D 31,832 $387,534,475 $12,174David Reichert WA-08 R 22,987 $384,096,146 $16,709John Lewis GA-05 D 16,567 $381,676,629 $23,038Scott Garrett NJ-05 R 28,634 $367,717,557 $12,842Brian Bilbray CA-50 R 24,033 $365,388,595 $15,203Jim McDermott WA-07 D 17,557 $354,192,668 $20,174Jim Gerlach PA-06 R 20,251 $343,425,456 $16,959Dina Titus NV-03 D 14,509 $340,493,191 $23,468Edward Markey MA-07 D 16,686 $334,924,991 $20,072Leonard Lance NJ-07 R 30,163 $329,006,434 $10,908John Shadegg AZ-03 R 14,613 $309,536,746 $21,182Harry Mitchell AZ-05 D 20,462 $308,843,460 $15,093Thomas Rooney FL-16 R 12,281 $307,346,811 $25,026Vern Buchanan FL-13 R 14,775 $306,803,702 $20,765Jackie Speier CA-12 D 23,157 $306,462,244 $13,234Gary Ackerman NY-05 D 16,998 $306,201,116 $18,014Lamar Smith TX-21 R 19,282 $304,502,189 $15,792Diana DeGette CO-01 D 11,509 $299,986,492 $26,066Michael Capuano MA-08 D 10,524 $294,109,281 $27,947Tom Price GA-06 R 26,272 $286,261,578 $10,896Stephen Lynch MA-09 D 15,076 $283,803,444 $18,824Robert Wexler FL-19 D 14,362 $281,444,454 $19,597Gary Peters MI-09 D 22,334 $279,744,961 $12,526Debbie Wasserman Schultz FL-20 D 14,950 $279,055,476 $18,665Dean Heller NV-02 R 11,549 $272,938,273 $23,633Erik Paulsen MN-03 R 21,266 $271,180,163 $12,752Frank Wolf VA-10 R 28,830 $269,996,728 $9,365Joe Sestak PA-07 D 17,945 $268,053,579 $14,938Rush Holt NJ-12 D 26,084 $265,842,020 $10,192Judy Biggert IL-13 R 23,358 $245,030,755 $10,490Mike Coffman CO-06 R 22,400 $238,420,672 $10,644Kay Granger TX-12 R 9,002 $234,930,634 $26,097
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No. 2271 July 29, 2009
APPENDIX 1
State-by-State List of Taxpayers With Income More Than $200,000
Sources: Heritage Foundation calculations based on 2006 data from the Internal Revenue Service.
Table A-1 • B 2271Table A-1 • B 2271 heritage.orgheritage.org
StateNumber of Tax Filers With
Income More Than $200,000 Total Income Average Total
IncomeTotal New Tax
Increase Average Total
New Tax
Alabama 37,854 $14,330,077,859 $378,558 $323,988,734 $8,559Alaska 7,447 $2,347,692,000 $315,253 $37,249,777 $5,002Arizona 71,718 $31,703,022,024 $442,053 $906,879,378 $12,645Arkansas 18,126 $6,380,485,620 $352,002 $116,024,433 $6,401California 609,844 $291,022,387,074 $477,208 $7,849,759,596 $12,872Colorado 74,682 $33,388,594,589 $447,075 $976,309,464 $13,073Connecticut 88,963 $54,045,563,253 $607,503 $1,821,134,411 $20,471Delaware 11,005 $4,819,101,000 $437,901 $128,470,519 $11,674District of Columbia 14,617 $7,258,691,000 $496,592 $216,873,690 $14,837Florida 258,402 $140,677,668,273 $544,414 $5,367,042,002 $20,770Georgia 108,999 $44,842,892,661 $411,406 $1,096,615,720 $10,061Hawaii 13,654 $5,381,678,598 $394,137 $135,072,557 $9,892Idaho 13,262 $5,253,939,109 $396,157 $137,544,043 $10,371Illinois 189,123 $89,962,138,553 $475,681 $2,677,273,726 $14,156Indiana 50,642 $17,898,888,948 $353,438 $324,129,664 $6,400Iowa 22,173 $7,349,609,736 $331,465 $101,670,526 $4,585Kansas 27,861 $10,418,271,402 $373,936 $200,690,250 $7,203Kentucky 29,412 $10,275,368,852 $349,361 $183,153,165 $6,227Louisiana 37,129 $13,298,444,440 $358,172 $265,918,904 $7,162Maine 10,539 $3,531,370,721 $335,091 $55,494,120 $5,266Maryland 102,253 $40,796,254,572 $398,972 $849,238,636 $8,305Massachusetts 133,899 $66,491,758,432 $496,581 $2,017,444,435 $15,067Michigan 92,557 $34,421,722,545 $371,896 $670,565,395 $7,245Minnesota 70,229 $27,573,718,665 $392,626 $549,118,655 $7,819Mississippi 16,414 $5,425,462,428 $330,536 $89,046,362 $5,425Missouri 51,669 $20,027,070,136 $387,604 $425,284,672 $8,231Montana 8,266 $2,793,319,000 $337,929 $55,985,112 $6,773Nebraska 14,374 $5,749,694,059 $400,004 $128,113,184 $8,913Nevada 33,013 $19,999,361,130 $605,808 $836,657,123 $25,343New Hampshire 19,257 $7,935,414,832 $412,075 $203,244,461 $10,554New Jersey 203,354 $89,663,764,847 $440,925 $1,991,990,360 $9,796New Mexico 15,714 $5,111,427,177 $325,271 $81,820,111 $5,207New York 320,642 $200,201,338,142 $624,376 $6,778,024,325 $21,139North Carolina 96,161 $36,699,847,527 $381,649 $746,437,052 $7,762North Dakota 4,487 $1,355,193,000 $302,027 $14,483,944 $3,228Ohio 100,830 $38,615,316,418 $382,974 $741,060,824 $7,350Oklahoma 28,917 $11,426,300,362 $395,144 $272,373,613 $9,419Oregon 41,099 $14,855,144,055 $361,443 $280,499,730 $6,825Pennsylvania 147,465 $61,504,119,048 $417,077 $1,487,114,992 $10,085Rhode Island 13,149 $5,370,455,328 $408,440 $123,877,556 $9,421South Carolina 39,334 $14,851,151,243 $377,562 $334,769,335 $8,511South Dakota 6,434 $2,281,136,000 $354,544 $54,250,845 $8,432Tennessee 57,734 $26,575,607,005 $460,308 $797,474,173 $13,813Texas 284,074 $135,629,053,552 $477,443 $4,225,570,849 $14,875Utah 24,864 $9,625,607,137 $387,134 $226,844,625 $9,123Vermont 6,341 $2,184,605,000 $344,521 $40,432,923 $6,376Virginia 133,257 $50,194,170,667 $376,673 $1,003,526,590 $7,531Washington 93,314 $40,513,253,864 $434,159 $1,219,648,511 $13,070West Virginia 8,504 $2,607,696,534 $306,653 $27,077,587 $3,184Wisconsin 53,829 $21,268,107,589 $395,108 $461,926,406 $8,581Wyoming 6,372 $3,838,978,000 $602,476 $171,149,992 $26,860U.S. Total 3,923,258 $1,799,771,936 $458,744 $49,826,347,057 $12,700
No. 2271
page 8
July 29, 2009
APPENDIX 2Ta
xpay
ers
With
Inco
me
Mor
e Th
an $
200,
000,
by
Cong
ress
iona
l Dis
tric
tSt
ate,
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rese
ntat
ive
Last
Nam
eD
istr
ict
Part
yN
umbe
r of
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00,0
00+
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rsTo
tal I
ncom
e
A
vera
ge T
otal
Inco
me
Tota
l New
Tax
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ease
A
vera
ge T
otal
New
Tax
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bam
aBo
nner
1R
5,65
5$2
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$395
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490
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08
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
page 9
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Taxp
ayer
s W
ith In
com
e M
ore
Than
$20
0,00
0, b
y Co
ngre
ssio
nal D
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Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
No. 2271
page 10
July 29, 2009
Taxp
ayer
s W
ith In
com
e M
ore
Than
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y Co
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Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
page 11
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Taxp
ayer
s W
ith In
com
e M
ore
Than
$20
0,00
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y Co
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ssio
nal D
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$533
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615
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$433
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$173
,206
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$10,
818
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kow
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$435
,430
$153
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109
Tabl
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2 •
B 22
71he
rita
ge.o
rgTa
ble
B-2
• B
2271
Ta
ble
B-2
• B
2271
he
rita
ge.o
rghe
rita
ge.o
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No. 2271
page 12
July 29, 2009
Taxp
ayer
s W
ith In
com
e M
ore
Than
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0,00
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y Co
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no
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Tabl
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2 •
B 22
71he
rita
ge.o
rgTa
ble
B-2
• B
2271
Ta
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B-2
• B
2271
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rita
ge.o
rghe
rita
ge.o
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page 13
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Taxp
ayer
s W
ith In
com
e M
ore
Than
$20
0,00
0, b
y Co
ngre
ssio
nal D
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$214
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$13,
121
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438
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$334
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$20,
072
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$27,
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2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
No. 2271
page 14
July 29, 2009
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2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
page 15
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Taxp
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s W
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Tabl
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2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
No. 2271
page 16
July 29, 2009
Taxp
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s W
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Tabl
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2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
page 17
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Taxp
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s W
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B 22
71
Tabl
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B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
No. 2271
page 18
July 29, 2009
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2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
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2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
page 19
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Taxp
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B 22
71
Tabl
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2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
No. 2271
page 20
July 29, 2009
Taxp
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79W
olf
10R
28,8
30$1
1,98
0,77
6,85
0$4
15,5
70$2
69,9
96,7
28$9
,365
Con
nolly
11D
24,8
82$8
,100
,993
,355
$325
,573
$97,
816,
484
$3,9
31
Was
hin
gto
nIn
slee
1D
15,4
03$6
,269
,189
,566
$407
,021
$168
,951
,848
$10,
969
Lars
en2
D7,
555
$2,7
49,3
12,8
46$3
63,8
94$7
1,41
5,06
6$9
,452
Bair
d3
D7,
545
$2,9
91,5
23,9
70$3
96,5
11$8
3,61
0,74
5$1
1,08
2H
astin
gs4
R4,
615
$1,3
71,6
32,0
14$2
97,2
05$2
0,55
2,78
8$4
,453
McM
orri
s R
odge
rs5
R5,
779
$1,9
34,6
55,9
00$3
34,7
64$3
7,90
5,91
8$6
,559
Dic
ks6
D6,
281
$2,3
16,8
57,9
31$3
68,8
90$5
9,31
2,74
8$9
,444
McD
erm
ott
7D
17,5
57$9
,439
,619
,296
$537
,665
$354
,192
,668
$20,
174
Rei
cher
t8
R22
,987
$11,
531,
183,
566
$501
,633
$384
,096
,146
$16,
709
Smith
9D
5,59
3$1
,909
,278
,775
$341
,379
$39,
610,
584
$7,0
82
We
st V
irgi
nia
Mol
loha
n1
D2,
901
$947
,858
,364
$326
,761
$13,
132,
004
$4,5
27C
apito
2R
3,61
9$1
,075
,000
,848
$297
,011
$9,7
17,7
71$2
,685
Rah
all
3D
1,98
4$5
84,8
37,3
22$2
94,8
43$4
,227
,812
$2,1
31
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
page 21
No. 2271 July 29, 2009
Note on Methodology
Tax data was distributed to congressional dis-tricts using the 2006 IRS Individual Tax StatisticsZip Code database and a congressional district zipcode database purchased from zipinfo.com. Manyzip codes in the United States lie across congres-sional district boundaries; the congressional districtzip code database provides the percentage of eachzip code that is within the boundary of a specificcongressional district. The IRS zip code tax data wasdistributed to congressional districts by multiplyingthese percentages, and assigning the result to theproper congressional district. For example, if zipcode 55555 has 100 tax returns filed and is 40 per-cent in District 1 and 60 percent in District 2, thenbased on these percentages District 1 is assigned 40tax returns from zip code 55555 and District 2, 60returns. These same percentage rules were used todistribute the other variables from the IRS zip codedatabase.
Taxp
ayer
s W
ith In
com
e M
ore
Than
$20
0,00
0, b
y Co
ngre
ssio
nal D
istr
ict (
cont
.) St
ate,
Rep
rese
ntat
ive
Last
Nam
eD
istr
ict
Part
yN
umbe
r of
$2
00,0
00+
File
rsTo
tal I
ncom
e
A
vera
ge T
otal
Inco
me
Tota
l New
Tax
Incr
ease
A
vera
ge T
otal
New
Tax
Wis
con
sin
Rya
n1
R6,
289
$2,1
86,8
03,5
27$3
47,7
32$3
4,49
2,12
8$5
,485
Bald
win
2D
9,10
0$3
,264
,772
,723
$358
,758
$62,
031,
737
$6,8
17K
ind
3D
4,45
3$1
,421
,364
,774
$319
,197
$18,
680,
161
$4,1
95M
oore
4D
2,36
4$1
,229
,107
,734
$519
,961
$41,
410,
029
$17,
518
Sens
enbr
enne
r5
R17
,121
$8,0
63,9
41,8
02$4
71,0
04$2
20,3
45,3
40$1
2,87
0Pe
tri
6R
4,76
3$1
,663
,550
,228
$349
,242
$26,
477,
086
$5,5
59O
bey
7D
3,88
2$1
,217
,301
,985
$313
,605
$13,
792,
620
$3,5
53K
agen
8D
5,85
7$2
,221
,264
,816
$379
,243
$44,
697,
305
$7,6
31
Wyo
min
gLu
mm
is0
R6,
372
$3,8
38,9
78,0
00$6
02,4
76$1
71,1
49,9
92$2
6,86
0
U.S
. To
tal
3,92
3,26
0$1
,799
,771
,934
,006
$458
,744
$49,
826,
347,
057
$12,
700
Sour
ces:
Her
itage
Fou
ndat
ion
calc
ulat
ions
bas
ed o
n 20
06 d
ata
from
the
Inte
rnal
Rev
enue
Ser
vice
.
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
Tabl
e B-
2 •
B 22
71
heri
tage
.org
heri
tage
.org
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