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GLOBAL SITUATION OF JECONTROL
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Table of contents
Background
Current Status
Strategy
Challenge
Conclusion
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BACKGROUND
Aetiology: Japanese encephalitis virus flavivirus
Could cause acute encephalitis paralysis, seizures,
coma and death
Most of infection: childhood (!" years#
Case$fatality ratio: %&$'&
Serious neurologic se)uelae: '&$"& survivor
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*ransmitted via mos)uito Culex tritaeniorhynchus group (mostimportant#, ac)uire virus from pigs and +ater irds
-ector: live in +ater pools and flooded rice fields
.iagnosis:
/ -iral 0 antigen 0 nucleic acid detection
• Electron microscopy, virus isolation, IFA, EIA, RT-PCR
/ Antiody detection
• ELISA, IFA, haemagglutination inhiition !"I# assay, complement $i%ation test
!CFT#, pla&ue re'uction neutrali(ation test !PR)T#
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CURRENT STATUS
1loal incidence: unkno+n
2n Asia: at least "&,&&& clinical cases reported annually (approximately67.900 cases annually in 24 Asian-endemic countries: incidence 1. !100 000 ("rant #
Camp$ell% et all&
3ndemic Countries: / 2ndia
/ 4epal
/ -ietnam
/ Camodia5
/ China / 2ndonesia
/ Japan
/ 6hilippines
/ 7orea
/ *hailand
/ South$eastern 8ussian 9ederation
/ Malaysia, / aos
/ Myanmar
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imited to tropic$su tropic regions
;ccurred in previously non$endemic areas
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STRATEGY
3arly case detection and treatment / 3arly diagnosis (J3 virus specific la test#
/ 6roper management reduce case fatality
-ector control
/ 8eduction of reeding sources / 2nsecticide use
/ Control of pig (segregating at least
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2ntegration of J3 +ithin vaccine$preventale disease
2mmunization
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CHALLENGES
Sustainale surveillance and diagnostics
imited resources
Access to a safe and affordale vaccine
6ig husandry regulation
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Exa!le" In#$a %&'
>?% J3 positivity among A3S cases (@& of cases arechildren missed during campaigns#
Campaigns among !$!" year olds +ith single dose of live,
attenuated SA !
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Exa!le" In#$a %('
Continue surveillance of disease urden +ith focus onimproved coordination (clinician, la, health dept#
2dentification of non$J3 viruses for comprehensive A3S
control strategy
Campaigns to cover !!& endemic districts in !! states y
%&!&, targeting ?" million children
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CONCLUSION
aoratory support is crucial for diagnosis to strengthensurveillance (regional D=; J3 a net+ork#
4eed resources moilization to maintain J3 control
programme (vaccines are included among 1A-2 Alliance
priorities for future support#?
2mmunization is encouraged on controlling J3
