Who is the Father of Genetics?
Dec 29, 2015
Who is the Father of Genetics?
Mendel
a type of gene that is hidden by a dominant
gene
Recessive
used to show the possible gene
combinations in a cross between two
organisms
Punnett Square
Punnet Squares• What tools can we use to predict each
generation?• Simplest tool is a Punnet Square
A a
A
a
A a
A
a
AA
Aa
Aa
aa
Parents
a gene responsible for determining traits in
an organism
Allele
chromosomes that do not determine the sex
of a person
Autosome
HH
HomozygousDominant
pattern where the phenotypes of both
homozygous parents are present in heterozygous
offspring; both alleles are equally expressed
Codominant Alleles
the stronger trait in a gene pair
Dominant
union of a sperm and egg
Fertilization
the branch of biology that studies heredity and
variation in organisms
Genetics
an organism's genetic makeup, or allele
combinations
Genotype
an organism that has two different alleles for a single
trait, for example (Hh)
Heterozygous
two of the same alleles for a trait, for example (HH)
Homozygous
an organism that is heterozygous for a
particular trait
Hybrid
a genetic pattern in which neither of the two forms of a trait completely masks
the other
Incomplete Dominance
any chromosome other than a sex
chromosome
Autosome
a picture of all the chromosomes in a
cell arranged in pairs
Karyotype
having more than two alleles that control a trait
Multiple Alleles
a chart or "family tree" that tracks which members
of a family have a particular trait
Pedigree
what an organism looks like as a consequence of
its genotype
Phenotype
transfer of pollen from the anther to
the stigma of a plant
Pollination
hh
HomozygousRecessive
occurs when groups of gene pairs act together to
produce a specific trait
Polygenic Inheritance
a trait that will be masked by more dominant trait
•Recessive
a trait that will be masked by more dominant trait
What part of the flower does the pollen land on?
Fig. 10.01
Anther Stigma
Fig. 10.01
Anther Stigma
What is the function of the
Anther?
To make pollen
Black (BB)Crossed withBrown (bb)
Fig. 10. 06
Gametes
All Bb
All offspring are black and heterozygous
(a)
(b)
If heterozygousBlack (Bb)
HomozygousBrown (bb)
If homozygousBlack (BB)
HomozygousBrown (bb)
X and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
Sex Chromosome
What are the female Sex
Chromosomes
XX
What are the male Sex
Chromosomes
XY
characteristics that are inherited, such as your eye color
Traits
heterozygous offspring show a phenotype that is in between the phenotypes of
the two homozygous parents
Incomplete Dominance
Hh
Heterozygous(Also called)
Hybrid
Punnett Square
b
B
B
b
b
B
B
b
Bb Bb
Bb Bb
How many traits are in a
di-hybrid cross
two
Dihybrid Crosses With Guinea Pigs
• The first cross, considering two genes in true-breeding parents, has predictable outcome
• All dominant in the F1
cross a red (RR)and a
white (WW) flower
W
R
R
W
W
R
R
W
RW RW
RW RW
What type of crossCreated pink
flowers?
IncompleteDominance
Cross two pink flowers
R
R
W
W
RR
RW
RW WW
What is thePhenotype
ratio?
1 red:2pink:1wh
ite
Cross to checked chickens
(BW)
B
B
W
W
BB BW
BW WW
What is theGenotype ratio?
1BB:2BW:1WW
What type of cross produces checkered chickens
Co-Dominance
Blood type isWhat type of inheritance ?
Multiple Alleles
How many Alleles are there for blood type?
There are 3A, B, and O
What blood types are possible
A, B, AB and O
What blood type is recessive
Type O
Cross type OWith type AB
B
AO
BO BO
Probability is The chance that an
event will occur