White Paper Project

Team Stampede to Green

Angelica Clemons

Derek Junker

Shelby Poling

Lindsey Trotta

Summer Vasseur

A Sustainable

University

ENC 3250.791 F13

Dr. Francis Tobienne, Jr.

November 20, 2013

Tristan Savatier. “cow eating grass”. Photo-

graph. n.d. Loupiote. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 4

What is Going Green? 4

University History 5

Journey to Green 6

Campus Programs & Initiatives 8

The Patel College of Global Sustainability 8

The M.A. College of Sustainability 8

The Patel Center for Global Solution 8 The Office of Sustainability 9 Sustainability Programs 10 Sustainability Champions Program 10 Sustainability Mentors Program 10 Sustainability Fellows Program 10 Sustainability Scholars Program 10 Student Initiatives 10 Academic Initiatives 11

Roads & Buildings 13

Transportation 13

Global Sustainability of Green Building 14

Energy 16

Green Energy 16

Solar Energy 16

Hydrogen Fuel Cells 17

Smart Grid 17

1

Table of Contents

2

Conservation 18

Conservation Measures at USF 18

Recycling 18

Electronic Waste 18

Paper 18

The R.O.S.E. Program 19

Dining Service Conservation 19

Water Conservation 19

Energy Conservation 20

Plant Conservation 20

Conclusion 21

Glossary of Terms 22

Annotated Bibliography 24

Works Cited Page 29

3

Executive Summary

This paper starts by introducing the goal and topic of this report. This paper first explains what going

green means and then gives a brief history on the University of South Florida. The end of the introduc-

tion ties the two topics together by giving examples of how the university has already started to contrib-

ute to creating a more conservative campus.

The next section dives into Campus Programs and Initiatives. The biggest of these being the Patel Col-

lege of Global Sustainability. This report will explain the mission of this organization and their branch

programs, as well as explaining their student and academic initiatives.

The university has been undergoing campus development to cut down on pollution, wasted energy, etc.

In the Roads and Buildings section, the report gives examples of greener modes of transportation the

school has undergone as well as greener buildings.

But how is the university accomplishing these feats? In the Energy section, how the University of South

Florida is on the cutting-edge of developing “green” energy technology is expanded on. The report ex-

plains how researchers at the university are working to create reliable renewable energy methods, and

reduce energy costs.

The report then goes on to explain exactly what the university is going in their effort to cut down on en-

ergy waste in the section Conservation. The conservation measure include how the college manages their

recycling, electronic waste, paper, water, energy, and

plant conservation. It also introduces the R.O.S.E.

Program.

The report ends with a conclusion wrapping up

all the information presented in this paper.

Team Stampede to Green hopes to present

the material in an organized and concise

fashion.

Introduction

Over the past couple of decades, the rise in envi-

ronment awareness has expanded to home life,

the workplace, and our universities. In an effort

to conserve the natural resources that we, as hu-

mans, have been more-than-less respective to-

wards, motions like recycling, reducing, using

florescent lights, among others, to reduce our

carbon footprints. Everyone has had a hand in

protecting and reviving the environment, includ-

ing the University of South Florida. This report

will provide a detailed exploration of the Univer-

sity’s stance on environmental concerns, sustain-

ability efforts, and their journey going green.

What is Going Green?

The political and ethical movement that seeks to

improve and protect the quality of the natural

environment through changes to environmentally

harmful human activities is termed environmen-

talism. From the 1960’s, the establishment of

“green” political movements in the form of activ-

ist nongovernmental organizations and environ-

mentalist political parties were given political

expression from various philosophical strands of

environmentalism (Environmentalism). The term

“going green” was created as a means to pursue

knowledge and practices that can lead to more

environmentally friendly and ecologically re-

sponsible decisions and lifestyles. This is

brought about in a mission to help protect the

environment and sustain its natural resources for

current and future generations (About Sustaina-

bility). The idea of sustainability was brought

about based on the simple principle that every-

thing we need for our survival and well-being

depends, either directly or indirectly, on our nat-

ural environment. Government agencies such as

the United States Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA), who origi-

nally sought to ensure that

industries met legal re-

quirements to control pollu-

tion, have begun to develop

theories, tools, and practic-

es that enable it to prevent pollution. More re-

cently, the EPA has aimed to make sustainability

the next level of environmental protection by

gaining from advances in science and technology

to protect human health and the environment, as

well as promoting innovative green business

practices. The mission for sustainability is to cre-

ate and maintain conditions under which humans

4

USF Tampa Campus. Photograph. n.d. About Us. University of South Florida System. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

and nature can exist in productive harmony be-

cause it is important that we have and will have

water, materials, and resources to protect human

health and our environment. The prime reason

for the demand of sustainability

is a result of unintended social,

environmental, and economic

consequences of rapid popula-

tion growth, economic growth,

and consumption of our natural

resources (Sustainability).

University History

The University of South Florida has a rich histo-

ry, with the understanding of environmental im-

portance in mind even during its planning stages.

The university was founded in 1956 in Tampa,

Florida. It was named so accordingly because, at

the time, it was the only university within the

state that was located in the southern region. The

university contains four campus branches. The

Tampa campus was opened in 1960, the Saint Pe-

tersburg campus was open in 1965, the Sarasota-

Manatee campus was opened in 1975, and the

Lakeland campus was

opened in 1988 (USF Histo-

ry). Although as of 2012,

the Lakeland campus split

off as an independent uni-

versity. The University of

South Florida has many tra-

ditions and customs that

were created with the states’

commitment to the environ-

ment in mind. The mascot,

for example, was chosen by the students who rea-

soned that a university located in a cattle-raising

state such as Florida needed a mascot that repre-

sented that. In 1962, USF’s mascot became the

“Golden Brahman” and in the 80’s

evolved into simply the

“Bulls” (Traditions). The school

colors are another example of

USF’s dedication to connecting

with the Earth. According to USF’s

first president, John Allen, “the

green is to symbolize life on the

earth, while the gold illustrates the life-giving

heat and light from the sun” (Times). The USF

seal offers an illustrated example of the way the

university has always kept the environment’s im-

portance in mind. The seal, which has been in use

since 1959, can be found on diplomas, academic

certificates, and other legal documents

(Traditions). Each element has a special meaning.

The sun symbolizes life to all living things, the

lamp signifies learning, and the globe represents

the universal expansiveness of educational oppor-

tunity and challenge (Traditions). President Allen

explained that “The program

of [USF] will include the

study of the earth, its geolo-

gy, geography, and life. The

study of life means both

plant and animal life, culmi-

nating in man and his social,

economic, political, and

spiritual development. Our

studies will extend beyond

the earth to the universe,

5

Rocky. Photograph. n.d. Go USF Bulls. Web.

25 Nov. 2013.

USF Seal. Photograph. n.d. USF Mark Master. Web.

25 Nov. 2013.

symbolized in the seal by the sun.” The motto on

the seal reads “truth and wisdom” (Times).

Journey to Green

In an effort to improve upon sustainable goals and

practices, USF has created Campus Master Plans

for their current three branches, embracing Smart

Growth in order to provide continued enrollment

growth (History, 2013). Each Master Plan in-

cludes a Conservation Element that relates to each

specific campus and their surrounding environ-

ment. The goal for the Tampa campus is to be a

model for conservation policies to improve the

environment and to improve air, water, and open

space quality in the vicinity of the campus. The

plan addresses the conservation of land, habitat,

vegetative resources, soil, endangered species,

waste monitoring and disposition, and recycling.

The 125-acre cross-campus greenway was created

to protect wildlife, link habitat islands, provide

for passive recreation, and aggregate storm water

ponds. This plan preserves the existing Ecological

Research Area, the wetland and natural area at the

southwest corner of Fletcher Avenue and 50th

Street, and the Lake Behnke/Botanical Garden

area. The entire USF Ecological Research Area

was categorized as a Potential Habitat for Rare

Species by the Florida Natural Areas Inventory

(FNAI) for their housing of rare, endangered, and

threatened globally, federally, and State listed

plant and animal species. In the first 10 years of

the 1995 plan, the university planted over 2,000

trees. The university also implemented a free off-

campus shuttle system powered by biofuel tech-

nology, negotiated free regional transit use for

students, and substantially increased the quality of

on-campus residence halls in an effort to reduce

off campus traffic congestion, as well as con-

structing bike lanes and sidewalks. USF saved

approximately $10 million with the Greenlights

replacement program since their installment

(Tampa Campus).

The goal for the St. Petersburg campus is to be a

model for conservation policies to improve the

environment and improve air, wa-

ter, and open space quality in the

vicinity of the campus including

Bayboro Harbor, which is where

the campus is located along side of

and is designated as an Outstanding

Florida Water who was recognized

as a Manatee habitat area. Because

of this campus’s location by the wa-

ter, the university has created many

soil and construction requirements

to keep a safe and energy friendly

6

Botanical Gardens. Photograph. n.d. USF Botanical Garden. Wikimedia. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

environment. The campus is

considered a “small quantity”

generator of hazardous waste

from their chemicals and sol-

vents from the marine science

laboratory and research facili-

ties. The removal is provided

for a routine basis (St. Peters-

burg).

And finally, the goal for the

Sarasota-Manatee campus is to

establish conservation policies

that contribute to improving air and water quality

and that maintain existing vegetative communities

and habitats on the proposed campus. This master

plan includes several environmental initiatives

(Sarasota-Manatee).

Another example of the school’s effort to focus

on creating a “cleaner, greener USF”, Eco-

Takeouts were implemented in 2010. These plas-

tic, reusable take-out containers replaced the

Styrofoam ones for only a one-time fee of $4.00

as a part of the student’s meal plan. Before the

replacement, the university used and discarded

8,000 disposable containers a week, representing

30% of all garbage generated by USF. After the

replacement, USF Dining Services saves at least

$6,000 a year (Wilma). The university’s largest

contributor to their mission of going green has

been the Office of Sustainability, created by Prov-

ost Wilcox in July of 2009. It was created to man-

age USF’s climate impact assessment and report-

ing and to serve as the single point of contact for

sustainability programs and activities for the USF

system. This office has established a “Green

Fund” (foundation account) with a gift from the

TECO Energy Foundation to develop a sustaina-

ble fiscal base. It has also created a university

wide policy on campus and community sustaina-

bility to implement the recommendations outlined

in the Climate Action Plan. The Office of Sustain-

ability collaborates with the academic colleges

and other units, Facilities Planning, Physical Plan,

campus stakeholder groups, and community part-

ners on numerous initiatives and activities in sus-

tainability, including ConservaBull (Emerging

Green Builders), Refill-a-Bull (Students in Free

Enterprise), and Water-for-Miches project (with

Engineers without Borders), among others

(History).

7

USFSP Campus. Photograph. n.d. 2013-2014 Undergraduate

Catalog. University of South Florida. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

8

Campus Programs & Initiatives

The Patel College of Global

Sustainability

In 2010 USF introduced The Patel College of

Global Sustainability. The college is comprised

of the M.A. College of Sustainability, the Patel

Center for Global Solutions, and the Office of

Sustainability. The Patel College of Global Sus-

tainability serves to use academics, cutting edge

research, and community involvement to create

and foster sustainable urban communities and en-

vironments. Research done through this college

has created innovations and new vital knowledge

that is helping communities across the globe by

helping reduce ecological footprints and improv-

ing how these communities function to make for

healthier and more livable communities (Patel

College).

The M.A. College of Sustainability

The M.A. College of Sustainability offers a 33

credit program that allows students to earn a mas-

ter’s in sustainability while learning innovative

techniques that can be applied to local communi-

ties as well as abroad in communities all over the

world. Currently the university has identified

Water, Entrepreneurship, and Sustainable Tour-

ism and the main concentrations for the MA de-

gree program. This program will expand the con-

centrations as global sustainability continues to

become an increasing concern and interest (Patel

College).

The Patel Center for Global Solutions

The Patel Center for Global Solutions develops

research in order to create solutions for sustaina-

bility development on our constantly changing

world. As this center opened up in 2011 it took a

greater focus on environmental issues and impacts

effecting not only USF but the local community

as well as abroad. This center uses an interdisci-

plinary approach to provide a strong foundation

for the development of solutions to environmental

problems. Some of the key areas of research be-

ing conducted at this center are focused on global

change and its uncertainties, urban form and me-

9

tabolism, and urban water modelling. These are

all challenges involved in the development of sus-

tainable and healthy cities of the future (Patel

Center).

The Center will be housed in the first LEED certi-

fied green building at the USF Tampa campus.

This building features sustainable and environ-

mentally aware designs that are using new tech-

nologies and innovations to conserve resources

(Patel College).

In researching urban form and metabolism the

Center for Global Solutions has developed an ur-

ban metabolism model for USF’s campus. This

model simulates resource flows, such as water,

waste, and energy across campus. This model

gives the University an important view of their

current usage and practices. USF is then able to

accurately develop and implement more sustaina-

ble practices on campus. Using what they have

learned from this model will help to reduce USF’s

ecological footprint (Patel Center).

The Office of Sustainability

The Office of Sustainability at the University of

South Florida coordinates efforts to advance the

University’s initiatives for a greener and more sus-

tainable environment on campus. They actively

support students, staff, and neighborhood partners

in the efforts made to create a “Green University”.

The Office of Sustainability acts as self-

proclaimed “citizen-scholar activists” and possess-

es a strong sustainability ethic. This office pro-

motes conserving resources, reducing waste, recy-

cling, increasing the campus’ energy efficiency

and works towards diminishing the life-cycle im-

pacts the campus has. The Office of Sustainability

is very vital to USF’s sustainability efforts. The

office guides the development of sustainability

programs and policies at USF. This office has sev-

eral initiatives put forth to help USF succeed at the

sustainability efforts being made on campus and

throughout the community (The Office of Sustain-

ability).

LEED Green Building. Image. n.d. LEED Certification & Sustainability at the University of South Florida. Global Site Plans.

Web. 11 Nov. 2013.

10

Sustainability Programs

The Office of Sustainability has been responsible

for creating several programs at USF that are

guided by their strong ethics of sustainability.

Some very successful programs at USF are the

Sustainability Champions Program, Sustainability

Mentors Program, Sustainability Fellows Pro-

gram, and the Sustainability Scholars Program

(The Office of Sustainability).

Sustainability Champions Program

This program takes a look at outstanding faculty

and staff who are committed to making the USF

community a more sustainable and greener com-

munity. Students and faculty members nominate

the Champions for fall and spring semesters based

on the sustainability activity, research, and efforts

being put forth (Programs).

Sustainability Mentors Program

One program at USF that is getting students to

take a look at not only the sustainability issues but

the social, economic, and environmental

impact of sustainable efforts is the

Sustainability Mentors Program.

This program allows outstanding

members of the university’s

staff to mentor students in

sustainability activities and

projects. The University of

South Florida celebrates the ex-

cellence of each mentor to encour-

age other faculty to want to serve as mentors too

(Programs).

Sustainability Fellows Program

This is a service-learning program for talented

USF graduate students to work side by side in

collaboration with the Office of Sustainability

staff to make USF one of the top “Green Univer-

sities”. Sustainability Fellows will serve as grad-

uate research assistants, working to help coordi-

nate activities on campus along with educational

and community-based initiatives on sustainability

along with other tasks important to the Office of

Sustainability (Programs).

Sustainability Scholars Program

The Office of Sustainability has created another

program that gives talented undergraduate stu-

dents at USF the opportunity to work side by side

with the Office of Sustainability staff. The Sus-

tainability Scholars Program gives students the

opportunity to work collaboratively on sustaina-

bility projects on campus while using this experi-

ence to learn how to develop formal research de-

signs that can be used to create and evaluate poli-

cies and programs that support sustainable

efforts at USF. Each fall and spring

semester to Sustainability Scholars are

selected and awarded $1000 and

will receive up to three credit

hours of mentored Undergradu-

ate Research (Programs).

Student Initiatives

The University of South Florida has on

average 40,000 students enrolled each semes-

ter. Students have a major impact on the social

11

and ecological wellbeing of

USF as a community. The

University of South Florida’s

Patel College of Global Sus-

tainability has worked with

students to create the initiative

to become “greener” students

on campus (Initiatives).

In 2010, the USF Student

Government created the posi-

tion Chief Sustainability Of-

ficer, giving the student body a

leadership role in creating a

more sustainable future. The

Chief Sustainability Officer

over sees the university’s ef-

forts made in reducing gas emissions

over the next few years. They also find new ways

to engage students in making the USF campus

greener. Also implemented in 2010, USF created

a campus-wide recycling program in all housing

and dorms. There are several environmentally

active student groups on campus such as the Stu-

dent Environmental Association, Students in Free

Enterprise, and Engineers for a Sustainable

World. These groups share key ethics about sus-

tainability and environmental protection. Student

involvement is key to a successful sustainability

plan at USF (Initiatives).

Academic Initiatives

The Patel Global College of Sustainability is an

inclusive and holistic academic unit that is based

on an interdisciplinary approach to research,

scholarships, and teaching. The commitment, in-

volvement, and expertise of the faculty at this

school allow it to succeed. PGCS is led by inter-

nationally-recognized expert on urban water is-

sues Executive Director Kalanithy Vairavamoor-

thy Ph.D and the Office of Sustainability has Ke-

breab Ghebremichael as Acting Director. This

school’s success comes from the collaborations

amongst students and faculty, the courses, discus-

sions and sharing of ideas, research and explora-

tions, and engagements from the students and fac-

ulty at USF (Initiatives).

The degree program offered at PGCS focuses pri-

marily on water but has added concentrations and

plans on adding more focuses such as transporta-

tion, global citizenry, climate change, and others

in the future (Initiatives).

Green College. Photograph. n.d. 2013-2014 USF Named to “Green Rating Honor Roll”

by Princeton Review. Patel College of Global Sustainability. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

12

As reported on The Patel College of Global Sus-

tainability’s webpage, there are five key charac-

teristics of the school:

1) The School is rooted in our geographical as

well as intellectual capital, Tampa Bay’s coastal

shorelines, with two thirds of the State of Flori-

da being surrounded by water; Florida has a

critical need for fresh water, and a need to sus-

tain our environment

2) USF offers renowned researchers in climate

change, coastal environments, sustainable cities,

health and society, STEM areas related to sus-

tainability

3) The School brings it all together, providing

an E-campus MA program, along with an on-

campus intellectual center for shared engage-

ment, facilitating the creation of integrated, in-

terdisciplinary research teams

4) The initial emphasis is on global sustainabil-

ity and water, but the School will evolve to re-

flect a broader focus on Sustainable Healthy

Communities

5) FTE generated will follow participating fac-

ulty to their respective departments/colleges.

Within the different colleges such as the College

of Arts and Sciences, College of Business, College

of Education and so forth at USF there are several

departments that focus on environmental and sus-

tainability issues and research. One example

would be from the College of Arts and Sciences,

an undergraduate degree is offered in

“Environmental Science and Policy” (Initiatives).

USF Sign. Photograph. n.d. One of Florida’s top three research universities, University of South Florida. Center for Student

Opportunity. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

13

Roads & Buildings

Global Sustainability of

Transportation

The University of South Florida is on the cutting

edge of going green in many ways, but one of the

biggest changes come from transportation, to and

from the Tampa campus. The campus in Tampa

has many changes added to it, in just a few years.

Transportation for those who commute to the

campus weekly have many different options, be-

sides just driving their car every day. One of the

biggest changes USF has done is that they have

put in four miles of biking lanes on campus and

into off campus neighborhoods nearby. At the

Tampa campus alone, they have increased

on campus utilities for students to utilize.

Increasing housing and dining on campus

helps keep students from taking mid-day

trips for food, which helps stop unneces-

sary pollution from occurring.

Biking has become very popular with stu-

dents on and off campus. The New North

Transportation Alliance, or NNTA, has

partnered with USF, to provide a safe trail

for bikers to ride freely, with their own

bike lane attached to the road. Together they have

put up 37 new bicycle racks in 2010 alone. Bike

racks on the campus grounds help provide a space

where students can park their bikes close to the

building they are taking classes in. There are even

bicycle racks in the parking garages to give the

bicyclists added safety and protection from the

weather. As the University of South Florida

grows, more bicycle racks will be added to keep

up with the demand of cyclists on the campus.

There will also be more parking spots for cyclists

around each building, to insure that everyone has

a place to lock up their equipment.

Commuters on campus have many economical

resources to use at their leisure, even if they

choose not to drive to the campus. Tampa has the

Students. Photograph. 4 Oct. 2013. The Second Annual USF Bulls Walk and

Bike Week. Center for Urban Transportation Research. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

Students. Photograph. n.d. Borrow Our Bikes. USF Student Affairs. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

14

Bull Runner and the Hillsborough Area Regional

Transit, or HART, which are free for all USF stu-

dents. Students who choose these ways of trans-

portation at least twice a week, have access to the

free Emergency Ride Home Program, which is a

taxi service. Also, the school has a free carpool

service for students to utilize, and meet new peo-

ple within their own neighborhood or community.

An added addition to the campus for students is

the WeCar center. WeCar is a rental service for

hybrid cars by the company Enterprise. Students

can rent for a very low prices, for mid-day errands

if commuters do not wish to use their own transit.

Transportation for the University of South Florida

is one of the areas of going green that USF is try-

ing to change to a greener environment for the

students. Students have so many different options

for travel to and from the campus, like the Bull

Runner, cycling, and carpooling with other stu-

dents in close by neighborhoods. Tampa's ever

changing environment for transportation is always

growing, especially with the growing number of

bicyclist on the campus at all times. Students are

always coming up with new ways to have a great-

er effect on the environment (Transportation).

Global Sustainability of Green

Building

Green buildings are a great way to become more

environmental. University of South Florida is in

the process to have their buildings become more

environmentally friendly. Over several years,

many changes have been done to the Chemistry,

Education, Science Center and Kopp buildings.

One of the biggest changes that have occurred

have been to change the roofs of many different

buildings, like the library. Recycling many of the

materials from the renovations and upgraded, are

one of the many ways USF is working toward a

more environmentally friendly place for students

to learn and grow.

Recycling is the most known way for creating a

green environment. The Tampa campus of USF

reuses, renovates and retrofits many of its new

and older buildings. South Florida is using crea-

tive ways to make buildings more energy effec-

tive. The roofs of buildings have been replaced

with high insulation and reflectivity values. On

the southern windows of the buildings, sunscreen

and high efficiency glass that have been installed.

The IT department is working on a way to have a

centralized remote building, for control over ener-Green Building. Image. n.d. Green Building. Patel College of

Global Sustainability. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

15

gy used within the campus. "The University is

working with the Florida Commercial Building

Energy Computational Program, to come up with

more efficient ways to build new structures on

campus, the best way for instillation of: walls,

roofs, windows, motor and equipment efficien-

cies, mechanical systems insulation, and controls

for HVAC and lighting."

Conserving material on the Tampa campus is a

great way to keep from replacing flooring and fix-

ing other materials like bricks, concrete and met-

als. Stained concrete is used for flooring through-

out the campus, and is a great way to keep from

replacing materials, like tile or carpeting on cam-

pus. If something on campus needs to be replaced,

the materials are to be recycled properly, or they

may be used for future projects,

such as new buildings. The use of

recycled materials on campus

have been used increasingly on

new projects and buildings.

In the 1960's, USF constructed

their buildings to be relatively low

maintenance, with their exposed

concrete frame and brick infill.

The look of these buildings from

the 1960s may be bland to the

consumer’s eye, but now USF is

constructing with smart masonry.

Smart masonry is using a "richer

palette of paint, brick, and other

materials" that are earth friendly

and more appealing to a pedestrian’s

eye. Paints are used at the base of buildings down

at the level at which a person passing by would

notice.

Greener buildings are becoming more popular at

the University of South Florida in Tampa. Build-

ings are becoming energy efficient and smarter

about how they construct their infrastructure. The

IT department is working hard to find a central-

ized way to make a more energy efficient campus.

A more efficient way to save energy within the

campus is to make USF a greener school. While

working closely with the Florida Commercial

Building Energy Computational Program, the uni-

versity will be creating more ways to reduce, re-

use and recycle materials from past demolitions

(Green Building).

USF Tampa Campus. Photograph. n.d. University of South Florida, Department of

Communication. National Communication Association. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

16

Energy

Green Energy

Most of the world’s the word’s energy is supplied

by fossil fuels such as coal or oil. Fossil fuels are

not renewable resources and the amount available

is always dwindling. It can also be harmful to the

Earth to gain access to these fossil fuels. This cri-

sis has created a need for “green” or renewable

energy. Renewable energy utilizes resources that

do not run out such as solar or thermal energy.

Using renewable resources to supply our energy

is much more cost effective and reduces the harm

to the environment. The University of South Flor-

ida is one of the leaders in green energy research.

The Patel College of Sustainability, the Clean En-

ergy Resource Center, and the Power Center for

Utility Explorations are all organizations at USF

researching new areas of renewable energy. These

organizations work in partnership with the Col-

lege of Engineering to research and build new re-

newable energy technology. Solar, thermal, and

hydrogen based forms of renewa-

ble energy.

Solar Energy

Located in sunny south Florida,

USF is on the cutting-edge of

solar technology. There are solar

panels installed around campus.

The roof of the Marshall Student

Center has solar panels that help

power the building. Outside of

the Champions Choice dining

hall there are tables that have umbrellas with solar

panels on the top that allow students to use the

solar energy to charge their electronic devices.

There are also solar powered stations to charge

golf carts located around the Tampa campus. Ac-

cording to Heather Mooren’s article in the Oracle,

“Solar power coming to USF”, professor D. Yogi

Goswami is one of the scientists at USF working

towards creating solar thermal power plant at

USF. The thermal aspect of this project allows the

plant to run all the time even when the sun is not

out. In the article, Goswami explained, “The plant

will use parabolic trough collectors (PTCs),

which are curved mirrors that follow the sun from

east to west and collect the heat to produce power

at a later time.” The plant is being funded thanks

to a $3.9 million dollar grant from the US Depart-

ment of Energy. (generatorshome.org) Goswami

along with other researchers from the university

have patented designs for solar panels that in-

crease the ability for them to generate energy.

They have created a “design [that] employs a se-

ries of chevrons (V-shaped symbols) on the pan-

el's surface, creating angles that

help the sun's light to reach the

photovoltaic cells throughout the

day.” Since Florida is sunny, but

doesn’t have as strong sun rays as

desert states such as Arizona or

New Mexico, the design will

make the solar panels more effi-

cient by about 2 percent.

(Kennedy) Another way that Gos-

wami is trying to create more

efficient solar panels is with his

EnerFusion. Solar Panels. Photograph. n.d.

Solar Power Table Makes Charging a Picnic.

Earth Techling. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

17

“salt-filled ceramic balls that can turn water into

steam for hours after the sun disappears. The

steam powers turbines that produce electricity, in

much the same way as burning coal.” This inno-

vative idea has given Goswami attention in the

press and has been called a “game-changer” by

those in the scientific community. (Penn) Solar

energy is an important topic for renewable ener-

gy. USF has dedicated researches that a leading

the solar energy movement.

Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Researchers at USF have also been trying to de-

velop a design for an efficient and reliable hydro-

gen fuel cell. A hydrogen fuel cell “is a device

that generates electricity by a chemical reac-

tion” (Fuel Cell Basics). This type of renewable

energy has been considered for a renewable ener-

gy to fuel cars. At USF The Clean Energy Re-

search Center has been researching the production

of hydrogen through biomass. CLERC has been

studying hydrogen energy since 2002. USF re-

port, “Bio-energy Research”, states that the bio-

mass hydrogen concept is a “promising technolo-

gy for renewable hydrogen production.” With

USF continuing its research in this area, there

may one day be an alternative to oil.

Smart Grid

In 2009, USF won a contest against 140 other

schools to gain a $15 million project to install a

smart grid in the St. Petersberg area. This smart

grid allows electric uses to track their energy con-

sumption which encourages the users to keep bet-

ter track of how much energy they are using. This

project will also add the use of solar panels to

help curb electricity costs for customers. This

smart grid system will allow customers to always

know what their energy costs are, and the smart

grid will allow them to see when energy costs are

lowest. Alex Domijan, director at the Power Cen-

ter for Utility Explorations, remarked in an article

on the USF website that, “This is a great win for

our country and USF in particular, and showcases

the strength of collaborations, the leadership of

Progress Energy, and is one that we have been

working on for many years to form flexible, reliable

and intelligent electric energy delivery systems to

benefit the public and nation”. The smart grid

technology will be placed in 5,000 homes in the

St. Petersburg area. (Ray)

“USF Solar Power 35KW”. Photograph. n.d. 2013-2014 Miami, Florida

Commercial Solar Power Systems. Solar Energy Management.

Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell. n.d. Hydrogen Fuel. Alternative

Energy News. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

18

Conservation

Conservation Measures at USF

The University of South Florida is one of the na-

tion’s top green colleges for a reason. As human

population continues to increase the need to care

for the Earth and its precious resources seems

more vital now more than ever. People from all

over are doing their part to conserve our limited

resources. Many institutions, companies, organi-

zations, businesses are trying to encourage recy-

cling by educating people on renewable energy

and promote environmental conservation. The

University of South Florida has been taking great

measures in conserving these resources.

Recycling

Why condemn waste to a landfill when it can be

used to make a new product? We live in a world

with finite resources and recycling helps us to

protect these precious necessities. Recycling is a

great conservation measure which has been in ef-

fect on USF’s campuses (under The Physical

Plant Division) since its induction in 1994. The

Physical Plant Division’s primary mission is to

maintain and improve a physical environment

conductive to teaching, learning, and

research. The Physical Plant Division is

responsible for the operation, mainte-

nance, and repair of the educational

buildings, utilities, and grounds of the

University campus. The University has

separate Physical Plant’s at all of the

Tampa, Sarasota, and St. Petersburg

campuses. The University of South Florida’s

active recycling program recycles the following

items: paper (office paper, newspaper, magazines,

cardboard), glass, plastics, mixed metals, yard

debris, aluminum, electronic waste, and fluores-

cent bulbs and fixture ballasts (Recycling and

Waste Management).

Electronic Waste

Furthermore, to date, various departments oversee

their own electronic waste recycling; not to men-

tion, even construction waste is increasingly be-

ing recycled. In USF’s first waste audit, spanning

from 1996 to 2007, it was determined that Physi-

cal Plant had recycled over 48 tons of aluminum

and over 9,700 tons of mixed paper (Recycling

and Waste Management)..

Paper

Many professors now make use of the digital drop

box feature on Blackboard and assign and return

assignments and exams electronically. This is a

tremendous effort by the University to use less

paper-not to mention the over 2,000

recycling containers for paper that

have been distributed on campus. Al-

so, there are studies constantly under-

way at computing facilities on campus

to assess paper use, reuse, and recy-

cling efforts (Recycling and Waste

Management).

19

The R.O.S.E. Program

The R.O.S.E. Program (Reusable Office Supplies

Exchange) is another great way the University ef-

fectively recycles by collecting and offering school

and office supplies to and from students at the end

of each semester. A great aspect of this program is

that it is completely free for students in need of

supplies and wishing to make a difference in the

environment by eliminating unnecessary disposal.

Dining Service Conservation

Almost all campus buildings have been retrofitted

with motion sensing automatic faucets and flush

valves. This helps prevent waste and conserves

water usage. They have even implemented tray-

less dining to save water and energy (32,992 gal-

lons of water saved per academic year!), as well

as providing reusable recyclable cups for dis-

counted fountain beverage purchases. USF Dining

Services recycles cardboard and tin materials

through Frito-Lay Waste Services. Grease from

the restaurants at the Tampa campus is taken by

Darling Restaurant Services or, Filtafry, which

recycles it for biodiesel to power automobiles.

Some restaurants now use paper napkins made

from 100 percent unbleached recycled content

and there are typically three recycling containers

outside of each dining hall (Recycling and Waste

Management).

Water Conservation

Aside from the trayless

dining which saves tre-

mendous amounts of

water annually, there

are other measures the

University takes to

conserve water. They

make many strategic

decisions to further the

institution’s conservation of our most critical re-

source. An example of one of these “green” deci-

sions would be their refusal of a trend, waterless

urinals. Despite their popularity, USF has consid-

ered waterless urinals and made a conscious deci-

sion to not use them for some very strong reasons:

1. Operation of waterless urinals requires addi-

tional energy consumption, creating pollution and

a larger carbon foot print. 2. Manufacture of re-

placement cartridges is a high energy consuming

Trayless Dining. Image & Text. n.d. Local Sustainable Initiatives. USC Upstate Dining. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

20

process using oil and plastics; it creates pollution

and a larger carbon foot print. 3. Disposal of the

cartridges requires land fill or incineration that

causes pollution on land or in air. 4. Purchase and

replacement of cartridges is a much higher cost

alternative than using water. 5. Sanitary water is

used by the City of St. Pete to produce ‘recycled

gray water’ for irrigation elsewhere in the city - a

sustainable alternative. 6. Based on USF’s cost of

well water, there is no economic benefit (Water).

Energy Conservation

Current energy conservation under Physical Plant

saves over $1 million annually and over 11 mil-

lion kilowatt-hours annually. Their program/

project, known as the Green Lights Program, was

completed several years ago. During this process

lighting systems were replaced with modern, high

efficient electronic ballasts and energy conserving

fluorescent bulbs. Most classrooms have now

been retrofitted with electronic motion sensors

that turn off the lights when classrooms are va-

cant. The University has implemented and devel-

oped a unique computerized energy management

system. This retrofit in many classrooms is the

Direct Digital Control System which optimiz-

es the usage of air conditioning systems. Air

handling units are typically the largest ener-

gy consuming equipment; however, with this

system they are able to operate them in a

scaled-down mode when facilities are unoccu-

pied. This energy monitoring system really helps

to track and further optimize energy usage

(Physical Plant Sustainability and Energy Conser-

vation).

Plant Conservation

The University has

plant conservation

as a goal as well.

The school has as

policy to consider

the layout of new

structures in relation

to the surrounding

environment. New

structures are to be

designed with courtyards and plant shade, as well

as airflow to help reduce energy costs. It is uni-

versity policy to use solar energy whenever possi-

ble. USFSP makes commitments to native vegeta-

tion in its master plan. The school pledges to use

only native or non-invasive plants in its landscap-

ing. USFSP plans to remove any invasive non-

native plants from its campus, and has a policy to

do a joint study of campus plants with the Florida

Fish and Wildlife Service (Physical Plant Sustain-

ability and Energy Conservation).

21

Now that you have read through this report, you

can accurately see a detailed exploration of Uni-

versity of South Florida’s stance on environmen-

tal concerns, sustainability efforts, and their jour-

ney to being green. Through organizations like

the Patel College of Global Sustainability, M.A.

College of Sustainability, Global Sustainability of

Green Building, and many of the programs and

initiatives both the school and students have cre-

ated and been apart in, you can gain an idea of

just how far the university has come to creating a

greener institution. Their research on energy and

conservation has broadened their effort to making

the college more environmentally friendly and

efficient. Pushes for recycling, water conserva-

tion, energy conservation, plan conservation, elec-

tronic waste, and limiting paper waste has helped

guide the university one step closer to a sustaina-

ble campus. By getting the word out and working

together with the organizations and students, the

USF Bulls have managed to stampede their way

to greener pastures.

Conclusion

Going Green. Illustration. n.d. Going Green. NBC News. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

USFsaxyBull. “Bronze Bulls”. Photograph. n.d. University

of South Florida. NICHE. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

22

Glossary of Terms

Carbon Foot Print: the amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to

the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.

Carpool: an ar rangement between people to make a regular journey in a single vehicle, typically

with each person taking turns to drive the others

Commute: travel some distance between one’s home and place of work on a regular basis; when it’s

said that a student commutes, it means they do not live on campus and they travel to the university

from a different location

Ecological Footprint: the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the

amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources

Electrical Ballast: device intended to limit the amount of current in an electr ic cir cuit

Electronic Waste: sometimes refer red to as “e-waste”; any discarded electronic or electrical devices

or their parts

Energy Conservation: r efers to reducing energy through using less of an energy service

Environmentalism: the political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the

quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities

Fossil Fuels: a natural fuel formed from hydrocarbon deposit, such as coal or gas, created from

the geological past from the remains of living organisms

Greenhouse Gas Emission: any of the atmospher ic gases that contr ibute to the greenhouse effect

Hydrogen Fuel Cell: a device that generates electr icity by a chemical reaction

LEED Certified Green Building: buildings that feature sustainable and environmentally aware

designs that are using new technology and innovations to conserve resources

Plant Conservation: study of plant decline and its causes, and techniques to conserve rare and

endangered plants

Pollution: the presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance or thing that has

harmful or poisonous effect

23

Glossary of Terms

Recycling: conver ting waste into reusable mater ial; to make something new from something that

has been used before; to send material such as used newspapers, bottles, cans, etc. to a place where

they are made into something new

Smart Masonry: using " r icher palette of paint, br ick, and other mater ials that are ear th fr iendly

and more appealing to a pedestrian's eye

Solar Energy: radiant energy emitted by the sun

Solar Panels: a panel designed to absorb the sun’s rays as a source of energy for generating electric-

ity or heating

Solar Technology: a solar thermal collector that collects heat by absorbing sunlight

Environmentalism: the political and ethical movement that seeks to improve and protect the

quality of the natural environment through changes to environmentally harmful human activities

Transportation: the action of transpor ting someone or something or the process of being trans-

ported

Urban Metabolism: A diverse, interconnected system of infrastructure that forms a network pro-

vides resources, manages wastes, and support transportation and communication.

24

Annotated Bibliography

Articles

Basinger, Francesca. "Solar panels, other pro-environment projects funded by USF Green Energy

Fund." The Digital Bullpen. USF School of Mass Communications, 02 Apr 2012. Web. 12

Nov 2013. <http://digitalbullpen.com/2012/04/02/green-energy-fund/>.

This article has good information about different green energy projects going on at USF. It

gives examples of different ways that USF is working towards green energy. It is used to

show examples of the different ways USF is trying to implement green energy.

Mooren, Heather. "Solar power coming to USF." The Oracle. The Oracle, 26 Jan 2011. Web. 19

Nov 2013. <http://www.usforacle.com/solar-power-coming-to-usf-1.2447788>.

This article gave me information on solar panels at USF. The article spoke about different

ways that USF is using solar energy. The article gave good information about the funding

and type of solar energy research going on at USF.

“University Hopes to Raise Water Conservation Awareness” by Diva Kumar. The Oracle: Universi-

ty of South Florida. 1 Feb. 2011. Web. 08 Nov. 2013. <http://www.usforacle.com/ university-

hopes-to-raise-water-conservation-awareness-1.2453989#.UoQkIhA_n1I>.

This source helps shed light on water conservation efforts. It lists some unique ways the

University has been conserving as well as thoughts for the future. This article will help

show how the University is hoping to raise awareness on the conservation of water.

“USF Planning Stages.” Tampa Bay Times. 21 Feb. 1959. Newspaper. 13 Nov. 2013

This was a very interesting article about the early planning stages of the University of

South Florida. What I took from this was the information the president at the time, John

Allen, said about the reason the school colors were chosen and why the seal was designed

the way it was. This relates to how the university’s early stages of development kept the

goal of incorporating the environment into their school.

25


Electronic Resources

"Energy Expertise at the University of South Florida." Clean Energy Research Center. Web. 12

Nov 2013. <http://cerc.eng.usf.edu/images/documents/presentations/USF energy expertise

report_final revised.pdf>.

This source gives very detailed information about different green energy initiatives and

also gives a list of professors with expertise in that area. The report is very comprehen-

sive in its explanations of green energy initiatives. It is used to gain information about

green energy projects and the experts that oversee them at USF.

"Environmentalism.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britan-

nica Inc. Lorraine Elliott. 2013. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/

EBchecked/topic/189205/environmentalism>.

This website provides a detailed look on what exactly it means to “go green.” With this

brief explanation in the beginning of the report, the reader will be able to fully under-

stand what it is the rest of the report is discussing. This is a good transition from the his-

tory of the university to the mission it is trying to accomplish.

Goswami, Yogi, James Garey, and Robert Chang. "Bio-energy Research at the University of

South Florida." . University of South Florida. Web. 19 Nov 2013.

This report gave me information on the hydrogen-energy biomass research at USF. The

report gave specific information about the kind of technology that is being researched at

the university. The report allowed me to learn about the scientific aspect of the research

going on at USF.

“History.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South Florida. Web. 15 Nov.

2013. <http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/history/>.

Located on the Patel College of Global Sustainability website, this source includes the

history of the program and institute. From this, I drew the university’s involvement with

getting involved with sustainability and starting the program. The article also includes

examples of ways the university has already begun to make changes and improve the

campus to make it more environmentally friendly.

26


“Sustainability.” United States Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 16 Nov. 2013. <http://

www.epa.gov/Sustainability/basicinfo.htm>.

This website gave a great definition of what sustainability is and how it has emerged over

the years. The Environmental Protection Agency has evolved from simply ensuring that

industries met legal requirements to control pollution, to preventing it, to making sustain-

ability the next level of environmental protection.

“Traditions.” University of South Florida. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.usf.edu/about-usf/

traditions.aspx>.

A website similar to the history of USF, this website gives brief explanations of some of

the traditions USF follows. The content that is used from this website is the explanation

of the USF seal. This will be used in an example of how the university has kept being

“green” and an appreciation of the environment in mind from the beginning.

University of South Florida Patel College of Sustainability. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. <http://

usfweb2.usf.edu/Sustainability/>.

This website is a great source of information about the Office of Sustainability, the Patel

College of Global Sustainability, and the Patel Center. This website gives detailed infor-

mation about how the college is using and improving sustainability campus and commu-

nity wide. There is lots of useful information throughout this website that provides valua-

ble insight into sustainability at The University of South Florida.

University of South Florida Physical Plant. Web. 09 Nov. 2013 <http://www.pplant.usf.edu/

index.php/additional-information/sustainability-initiatives>.

This was a great resource which gave me a strong understanding of the basic concepts

and actions being taken to conserve at USF. The website gives details into the recycling

measures, as well as energy and water conservation. There was lots of useful information

for me to use in constructing my portion of the white paper.

27


“USF History.” University of South Florida. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.usf.edu/about-usf/

history.aspx>.

This website is a good source for reviewing a brief breakdown of the University’s histo-

ry. It has broken down by year major events that happened and important people. This

website is good for finding a general outline for the introduction of this paper.

"USF to Build Largest Comprehensive Energy Smartgrid in the Southeast." University of South

Florida News. University of South Florida, 09 Mar 2009. Web. 19 Nov 2013. <http://

news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=1254>.

This article gave me information about the smart grid being developed at USF. The arti-

cle gave me information on the scope of the project. It also provided information about

how USF was chosen for the project.

"USF Named to “Green Rating Honor Roll” by Princeton Review." University of South Florida

Patel College of Global Sustainability. 6 Aug. 2013. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. <http://

psgs.usf.edu/news/article/usf-named-to-green-rating-honor-roll-by-princeton-review>.

This source details how The University of South Florida has ranked in the top 23 schools

across America for being "green". This article details the requirements a school must

meet to to receive such a high ranking. This article will be used to compare The Univer-

sity of South Florida with other schools leading the way in green innovation.

Wilma. “Going Green and Saving Green: University of South Florida Celebrates One-Year All

Ecos Anniversary” Eco-Takeout.08 August 2011. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. <http://

ecotakeouts.com/reusable-to-go-blog/?p=136>.

The information in this webpage includes data and information on the university’s use of

Eco-Takeout containers. This information will serve as an example of how the university

has already begun to be environmentally friendly. It will also show how doing so has

been not only good for the environment, but for their budget.

28


Government Documents

“Tampa Campus Master Plan Update.” University of South Florida. 2005. Document. 16 Nov.

2013. Page 36. <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/FacilitiesPlan/FPC/Attachment%203%20MP.pdf>.

The USF Tampa Campus Master Plan is a document that lists out all of the areas around

the university and Tampa’s campus that need to be worked on or maintained, ranging

from academics to road ways. This plan for Conservation Element is what I drew from

this document. It described Tampa’s goal to be a model for conservation policies to im-

prove the environment and to improve air, water and open space quality in the vicinity of

the campus. This includes the preservation of the Ecological Research Area, the wetland

and natural area in the area, and the Lake Behnke/Botanical Garden area.

“University of South Florida St. Petersburg Master Plan.” University of South Florida. Sep. 2011.

Document. 16 Nov. 2013. Page 115. <http://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/documents/

USFSPMasterPlan2010-Goals.pdf>.

The USF St. Petersburg Master Plan is a document that lists out all the areas around the

university and St. Pete campus. This campus is located along the Bayboro Harbor which

is designated as an Outstanding Florida Water. The plan’s Conservation Element has a

goal of being a model for conservation policies to improve the environment and improve

air, water and open space quality in the vicinity of the campus including the Harbor.

29

Works Cited

“About Sustainability”. Middletown Thrall Library. Web. 16 Nov. 2013 <http://www.thrall.org/

special/goinggreen.html#About>.

“Environmentalism.” Encyclopaedia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopaeadia Bri-

tannica Inc. Lorraine Elliot. Web. 13 Nov. 2013 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/

topic/189205/environmentalism>

"Fuel Cell Basics." Smithsonian Institution. Web. 19 Nov 2013. <http://americanhistory.si.edu/

fuelcells/basics.htm>.

Goswami, Yogi, James Garey, and Robert Chang. "Bio-energy Research at the University of

South Florida." University of South Florida. Web. 19 Nov 2013.

“Green Building.” Patel School of Global Sustainability RSS. N.p., n.d. Web 17 Nov. 2013

<http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/green-building/>.

“History.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South Florida. Web. 15 Nov.

2013. <http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/history/>.

“Initiatives.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South Florida. Web. 01 Nov.

2013. <http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/>.

Kennedy, Kyle. "New Solar Panel Design in Development at USF Poly." The Ledger. The Ledg-

er, 08 Dec 2011. Web. 19 Nov 2013. <http://www.theledger.com/article/20111208/

NEWS/111209358>.

Mooren, Heather. "Solar power coming to USF." The Oracle. The Oracle, 26 Jan 2011. Web. 19

Nov 2013. <http://www.usforacle.com/solar-power-coming-to-usf-1.2447788>.

“Patel Center for Global Solutions.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South

Florida. Web. 05 Nov. 2013. <http://psgs.usf.edu/patel-center/>.

Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South Florida. Web. 01 Nov. 2013. <http://

usfweb2.usf.edu/Sustainability/>.

Penn, Ivan. "USF professor Yogi Goswami captures solar enery using salt balls." Tampa Bay

Times. Tampa Bay Times, 08 Nov 2012. Web. 19 Nov 2013. <http://www.tampabay.com/

news/business/energy/usf-professor-yogi-goswami-captures-solar-energy-using-salt-

balls/2151626>.

30

Works Cited

“Physical Plant Sustainability and Energy Conservation.” USF Physical Plant. University of

South Florida. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. <www.pplant.usf.edu/index.php/additional-

information/sustainability-initiatives>.

“Programs.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South Florida. Web. 01 Nov.

2013. <http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/programs/>.

Ray, Russel. "USF, Progress Energy To Creat 'Smart' Way To Use Electricity." The Tampa Trib-

une. The Tampa Tribune, 22 Mar 2013. Web. 19 Nov 2013. <http://tbo.com/northeast-

tampa/usf-progress-energy-to-create-smart-way-to-use-electricity-107467>.

“Recycling and Waste Management.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South

Florida. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. <http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/

recycling/>.

“Sarasota-Manatee Master Plan.” University of South Florida. 2003. Document. 16 Nov. 2013.

Page 15. <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/facilitiesplan/Campus%20Planning/07-08%

20Educational%20Plant%20survey/Louise%20Survey%20Website%20Docs/Sarasota-

Manatee%20Master%20Plan_20080117103448.pdf>.

“Sustainability.” United States Environmental Protection Agency. Web. 16 Nov. 2013. <http://

www.epa.gov/Sustainability/basicinfo.htm>.

“Tampa Campus Master Plan Update.” University of South Florida. 2005. Document. 16 Nov.

2013. Page 36. <http://usfweb2.usf.edu/FacilitiesPlan/FPC/Attachment%203%

20MP.pdf>.

“The Office of Sustainability.” Patel College of Global Sustainability. University of South Flori-

da. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. < http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/>.

“Traditions.” University of South Florida. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.usf.edu/about-usf/

traditions.aspx>.

“Transportation.” Patel School of Global Sustainability RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013

<http://psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/transportation/>.

31

Works Cited

“University of South Florida St. Petersburg Master Plan.” University of South Florida. Sep.

2011. Document. 16 Nov. 2013. Page 115. <http://www1.usfsp.edu/adminservices/

documents/USFSPMasterPlan2010-Goals.pdf>.

"USF to Build Largest Comprehensive Energy Smartgrid in the Southeast." University of South

Florida News. University of South Florida, 09 Mar 2009. Web. 19 Nov 2013. <http://

news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=1254>.

“USF History.” University of South Florida. Web. 13 Nov. 2013. <http://www.usf.edu/about-usf/

history.aspx>.

“USF Planning Stages.” Tampa Bay Times. 21 Feb. 1959. Newspaper. 13 Nov. 2013.

“Water.” Patel Office of Global Sustainability. University of South Florida. Web. 08 Nov. 2013.

<psgs.usf.edu/usf-office-of-sustainability/initiatives/water/>.

Wilma. “Going Green and Saving Green: University of South Florida Celebrates One-Year All

Ecos Anniversary” Eco-Takeout. 08 August 2011. Web. 10 Nov. 2013. <http://

ecotakeouts.com/reusable-to-go-blog/?p=136>