White Paper of Ethernet&IP Header Compression

8/10/2019 White Paper of Ethernet&IP Header Compression

1/12

Material Code

White Paper of Ethernet&IPcompress V1.1

Doc Version V1.1

Release date 2014-12-16

Huawei Technology


2/12

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2011. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without priorwritten consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

And other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respectiveholders.

NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the commercial contract made betweenHuawei and the customer. All or partial products, services and features described in this document may notbe within the purchased scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise agreed by the contract, allstatements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided AS IS without warranties,guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang

Shenzhen 518129

People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Telephone: 0755-28560000

4008302118

Fax: 0755-28560111
http://www.huawei.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.huawei.com/


3/12

Content

1 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 4

2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 5

3 Solution ................................................................................................................................. 6

4 Experience............................................................................................................................. 8 5 Conclution .......................................................................................................................... 1 0

6 Acronyms and Abbreviations ......................................................................................... 1 1


4/12

1 Executive SummaryUMTS/LTE is coming; the networks are in evolution to IP network. High capacity

demands are coming from both the backbone and access end. As mainstream usage in

mobile backhaul, microwave faces the challenge of

Bandwidth increase fast

underthe limitation of frequency resources and modulation technology.

This article is in purpose to introduce the Eth/IP header compression technologyto tell readers that what it can do.


5/12

2 IntroductionAs the mobile backhaul network is evoluting to IP, IP data is growing faster than before, and take

much more proportion in whole network. Simultaneously, IP services demands the extensionable

feature of the transmission network.

Traditional Microwave transmit Ethernet services base on EOS and EoPDH technology andrequest equal capacity of Microwave link. With normal technology, the link throughput is around 400to 500Mbps (L1) per channel in average in Microwave field.

Huawei s Eth/IP header compress technology compress the IP packet deeply and make it as shortas possible, and can increase the link throughput to 1 Gbps per channel in condition of shortest

packets. It will help solving the problem of bandwidth increase fast, and reduces the cost of per bitsinvestment.


6/12

3 SolutionCurrently, most of Ethernet Services are encapsulated in 802.3 protocal; its structure is described as

below:

Figure3-1. 802.3 Ethernet Frame Structure

During the point-to-point transmit process, there are many encapsulation bytes which transmittedagain and again but without any change, such as IFG, Preamble, MAC address, Type, VLAN label, IPaddress and so on.

In Huawei s IP microwave, system processes these Encapsulation Bytes, and use two bytes forreplacement and indication. At the receive end, system use same strategy to recover the compressedcontent according to these two bytes.

Obviously, both the send and reaceive end need a match table of the indication bytes and thecompressed content, and make it synchronized to ensure the services can be recovered as original.This table synchronization requests the services in standard transmission, and the compression will beeffective when synchronization protocol works fine.

The following diagram takes Ethernet header Compress for example to explain the process ofcompress and uncompress.


7/12

Send

Receive

Sync Tabel ofCompress

Sync Tabel of

Compress

Sync ProtocalAir Interface

Search & Compress

Search & Uncompress

MAC DA MAC SA L/T Packet

CID Packet

CID Packet

MAC DA MAC SA L/T Packet

Figure 3-2 Compress and Uncompress Process

Description:

Send:

1. Compressed MAC address and Type (VLAN is optional ) check from Compress Synchronizationtable, use the CID to replace that.

2. Send the compressed frame.

Receive:

1. Receive the frames; check whether it has been compressed.

2. Searching at synchronization table, recover the Mac address and Type (VLAN is optional)according to the match CID.

All the Eth header compress cases are list as below: (maximum compressed 22 bytes)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

DA SA MPLS Lable PW Lable

VLAN

C-VLANVLAN

S-VLAN L/TDA SA MPLS LableDA SA

L/TDA SA L/TDA SA

IP header compression is using the similar technology of Ethernet header compression to improve theutilization ratio further.

As test in real, there is less latency increased by enable this function, since short packets lead to lowlatency and it compensate the searching and recovering in certain.

System support 256 services flow of Eth compression and 128 services flow of IP compression.


8/12

4 ExperienceWhat is the increase by using this function? How about the average bandwidth improved?

According to IEEE Mode, that in network, the packets which short than 128 bytes, will takemore than 50% of whole network. As figure 4-1 shows:

Figure 4-1

It indicates that the short packets realy take certain proportion in the network.

The efficiency of compression for various packet lengths is different, metion as below:

Eth + IPv4 + UDP Compression

User Port OriginalPacket Length

CompressedBytes

AfterCompression

Improvement

84 64 33 31 170.97%148 128 33 95 55.79%

276 256 32 224 23.21%

532 512 30 482 10.37%

788 768 28 740 6.49%

1044 1024 26 998 4.61%

1538 1518 22 1496 2.81%


9/12

Eth(2*VLAN) + IPv6 + UDP Compression

User Port OriginalPacket Length

CompressedBytes

AfterCompression

Improvement

112 92 57 35 220.00%148 128 57 71 108.45%

276 256 56 200 38.00%532 512 54 458 16.16%788 768 52 716 10.06%

1044 1024 50 974 7.19%1538 1518 46 1472 4.48%

Incondition of IPv6 and 92 bytes for shortest, that the maxmum throughput can reach363Mbps*(1+220%) that more than 1 Gpbs.

For IPv6, we cannot use 64 bytes as the minimum size of packets, since there will be only 1 bytes for application. According to the traffic from wireless side, we consider that 92 bytes is minimumsize.

But since Microwave is most used in mobile backhaul (MBB) that it is suggest taking IP packetsmode from Wireless BTS. What are the factors that affect the packets proportion mode?

1. It has nothing to do with the transmission mode at air-interface, no matter it is WCDMACDMA2000, TD-SCDMA, WLAN, Wi-Fi, WiMax, and so on. Actually, it depends onthe service type, more voice data, more internet browsing, more video talk or more filedownload.

2. AMR-CS (Voice) is nearly fix length around 80 bytes.

3. PS (Data) is various due to different service type (from bytes to thousand bytes)

The following data get from one switch of China Unicom in Hangzhou City, and these data indicatetwo hours result of peak time from 20:00 to 22:00. And during this duration, the PS data got their peakvalue. The compression improvements can achive 10%. Which means the equal bandwidth can beimproved to around 410Mps in condition of 56MHz/256QAM. It is nearly the worst case for headercompression.

Service Type Flow(Bytes)

FlowProportion

Users AveLength

of Packet

Compressed(Bytes)

AfterCompres

sion

Flow(Bytes)

Saving

P2P 4214215943 24.91% 2571 227 32 195 3620141448 14.10%

IM 122189945 0.72% 86 197 32 165 102341832 16.24%

VoIP 684096935 4.04% 1160 81 33 48 405390776 40.74%

Web 10295640954 60.86% 3212 445 30 415 9601552799 6.74%

Game 199899960 1.18% 280 99 33 66 133266640 33.33%

Stream Media 1096711705 6.48% 351 433 30 403 1020727060 6.93%

Email 157241466 0.93% 62 352 31 321 143393495 8.81%

File Download 11115303 0.07% 10 154 33 121 8733452 21.43%

NetworkManagement(O&M)

54392600 0.32% 19 397 31 366 50145318 7.81%

Network Storge 5978293 0.04% 2 415 31 384 5531721 7.47%

Stock 2317604 0.01% 3 107 33 74 1602828 30.84%

Others 71868212 0.42% 9 1109 25 1084 70248099 2.25%Total 16915668920 15163075468 10.36%


10/12

In Fact, except that duration, the Voice and Data have different peak time, from 9:00 to 11:00 or 14:00to 17:00, at this time, voice services will get its peak value and the compression improvement can be much

better.

In field network, when there are some important meeting happens, many people gathered in an area,the voice data could increase more, so that the short packets will have some impact of the mobiletransmission network. The Eth/IP header compress technology can help to reduce the pressure of overload.


11/12

5 ConclusionHuawei IP Microwave compresses the IP packets deeply, and transmits the value payload data asmuch as possible, and improved the utilization ratio, more effect including:

1. Improve the transmit ability of the Microwave link, make lower request to the uplink physicalcapacity, when transmit equal Ethernet services. It helps the operator reduce the cost of per Mbitinvestments.

2. Save the Frequency resources, to get more benefit.

3. It can be used at all modulation type, so the operator can balance the transmit distance andcapacity, but not only to request Higher modulation and meet disadvantage in network design ofdistance.

4. The bandwidth for Ethernet and IP packets can be dynamic expansion. When huge amount ofshort packets of video and voice impact the network, it can help the operator to reduce the

pressure of the mobile backhaul obviously.


12/12

6 Acronyms and AbbreviationsTable 6-1 Abbreviations

Abbreviations Full DescriptionMAC Media Access Control

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

IPv4 Internet protocol version 4

IPv6 Internet protocol version 6

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

UDP User Datagram Protocol

White Paper of Ethernet&IP Header Compression

Documents