WHERE IS ALL THE WORLD’S WATER?. ATMOSPHERE OCEANSCONTINENTS GLOBAL HYDROLOGIC STORES.

WHERE IS ALL THE WORLD’S WATER?

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

GLOBAL HYDROLOGIC STORES

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

All Blue figuresin thousands ofKm3

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

HOW MUCH WATER MOVES BETWEEN THE

STORES?

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

23%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

77% 23%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

16%

77% 23%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

84% 16%

77% 23%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

84% 16%

77% 23%

-7%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

84% 16%

77% 23%

-7% +7%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ANNUALGLOBAL

FLUX577

Precip.

Evap.

84% 16%

77% 23%

-7% +7%

Global Runoff 7%

All Blue figuresin thousands ofkm3.

WHAT IS “AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME”?

$

$

$$

$

$

$

$

$$?

Volume of Store = $10 bills

Input = $1 bill per day

Output = $1bill per day

On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?

AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME

$

$

$$

$

$

$

$

$$?

Volume of Store = $10 bills

Input = $1 bill per day

Output = $1bill per day

On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?

10 days.

AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME

$

$

$$

$

$

$

$

$$?

Volume of Store = $20 bills

Input = $1 bill per day

Output = $1bill per day

On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?

$

$ $$

$

$ $$

$

$

What happens if I increase the number of bills in the store to 20?

AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME

$

$

$$

$

$

$

$

$$?

Volume of Store = $20 bills

Input = $1 bill per day

Output = $1bill per day

On average, how many days is the “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?

20 days!

$

$ $$

$

$ $$

$

$

What happens if I increase the number of bills in the store to 20?

• AS SIZE OF STORE INCREASES

• AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME INCREASES.

AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME

$

$ $

$

$

$

$

$$ $? ?

Volume of Store = $10 bills

Input = 2 dollarbills per day

Output = 2 dollarbills per day

On average, how many days is a “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?

What happens if I increase the rate of inputs and outputs of bills in the store to 10?

AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME

$

$ $

$

$

$

$

$$ $? ?

Volume of Store = $10 bills

Input = 2 dollarbills per day

Output = 2 dollarbills per day

On average, how many days is a “red” dollar bill likely to stay in the store?

5 days!

What happens if I increase the rate of inputs and outputs of bills in the store to 10?

• AS RATES OF INPUTS AND OUTPUTS (AVERAGE FLUX) INCREASE.

• AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIME DECREASES.

AVERAGE RESIDENCE TIMES IN GLOBAL HYDROLOGIC STORES

Definition:

STORE

I1

I2

O2

O1

Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]

Average Flux = ({I}+{0})/2 = ({I1 + I2} +{O1 + O2)}/2

Oceans:

STORE

Precipitation

Runoff

Evaporation

Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]

Avg. Residence = 1,338,000,000 / 484,680 = 2760 years

Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]

Avg. Residence = 47,659,600 / 132,710 = 359 years

Continents:

STORE

Precipitation

Runoff

Evaporation

Atmosphere:

STORE

Precipitation

Evaporation

Precipitation

Evaporation

ContinentsOceans

Avg. Residence Time = Volume of Store/Average Flux [T] = [L3] / [L3T-1]

Avg. Residence = 12,900 / 577,000 = 0.02 yrs (7.3 days)

2-3,000 yrs

0.02 yrs

400 yrs

Kinetic Energy -:By virtue of motion

Potential Energy -:By virtue of position above some datum

Sea –leveldatum

1.2.

3.IncreasingPotentialEnergy

GRAVITY CONVERTS POTENTIAL TO KINETIC

Potential Energy increased byImpounding water behind dam. Raises reservoir level

Converted to Kinetic Energyto drive turbines.

ATMOSPHERE

OCEANS CONTINENTS

1,338,000

12.9

47,660

97% 2.999%

0.001%

ENERGYIN

GLOBAL SYSTEM Precip.

Evap.

Renewal of PotentialEnergy via Sun

Release of Kinetic Energy on the Earth’s surface