When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer. The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time.
When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer .
Jan 12, 2016
When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group of diseases called cancer . The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the normal period of time. Uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or tumour. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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When cells grow and divide out of control, they cause a group
of diseases called cancer.
The DNA prevents the cell from staying in interphase for the
normal period of time.
oUncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing lump, or
tumour.
oTumours may be benign - generally does not affect
surrounding cells
oor malignant - cancerous.
oCancer cells that break away from original tumour to a
different part of the body and grow in this new location, a new
tumour will form. This process is called metastasis (meh.-tass-
ta-sis)
oNormal duplication of DNA in a cell is error
free.
oSometimes random changes occur in the cell’s
DNA called mutations. Changes may cause:
No noticable change in cell
Death of the cell
Cancer
oSome mutations are caused by carcinogens, environmental
factors that cause cancer.
Examples include:
Tobacco smoke Radiation Some viruses Chemicals Organic solvents.
Health Canada reports that 9 out
of 10 lung cancer cases are
caused by smoking.
Even when tobacco is
chewed it can cause
cancer – mouth, throat
and stomach cancer.
Radiation can cause skin
cancer.
Are tanning beds safer than tanning in the
sun?
ASR
121
71
62
22
20
16
14
13
12
10
ASR
106
49
41
19
14
14
12
10
8
8
ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005
ASR
63
27
26
9
9
8
7
7
6
5
ASR
40
24
17
8
7
6
4
4
3
3
ASR: age-standardized incidence rates per 100 000 per year
NHL: Non Hodgkin lymphoma
Canadian Cancer Society/NICI, 2005
1.Personal medical history
2.Hereditiy ( breast and colon cancer)
3.Exposure to carcinogens in the environment
4.Lifestyle choices: exercise and food choices
Question: Which factors are within your control?
1.At home, as part of a routine self-examination
2.By a doctor, such as a pap test or blood test
3.As genetic testing, when there is a family history of
cancer
Question: Does screening guarantee you won’t get
cancer? Prostate Cancer
Prostate Cancer
The earlier a cancer is diagnosed, the better the chances of
successful treatment.
Some diagnostic imaging techniques:
1.Endoscopy
– used mostly to diagnose cancers of the digestive tract
2. X-rays
•Bones, lungs and breast tissues
3. Ultrasound – use sound waves to take pictures of
soft tissue (heart and liver)
Baby Four chambers of heart
4. CT scan – multiple x-rays put together by
computer to generate a 3-D image
Tiny spot of lung cancer
5. MRI – radio waves and magnetic field create a 3-
D image even better than a CT scan
MRI – breast cancer
1. Surgery – Physical removal of tumour
2. Chemotherapy – Drugs spread through the body to stop cancer
cells from dividing. As they “kill” cancer cells they can damage
healthy cells.
1.Radiation therapy – Radiation damages DNA. Beams of radiation
are directed at tumour, or radioactive sources are surgically
implanted in tumour.
4. Biophotonics (NEW) - uses beams of light to detect and treat
the cancer cells.
What are the PROS and CONS of each type of treatment?
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