Wheat cultivation in punjab case study project fa

BY – SHREYANSH PADARHA

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Wheat cultivation in Punjab

Wheat production is mainly confined to North- eastern parts of the country.

Conditions of growth for wheat are

more flexible than those of

rice. In contrast to

rice, wheat is a Rabi crop.

Wheat is grown on

13 per cent of the

cropped area of India.

Rich in proteins, vitamins and

carbohydrates and provides

balanced food. India is the

fourth largest producer of wheat in the world after

Russia, the USA and China.

Next to rice, wheat is the

most important food-grain of India and is

the staple food of millions of Indians. WHEAT CULTIVATION IN INDIA

Punjab is the second largest producer of wheat in the country. With 13.58 per cent of the country's wheat area its contribution is 21.78 percent recoding the

highest per hectare yield in India. This is possible due to assured irrigation, higher agricultural inputs and

adoption of new farm technology.

The state is characterised with the beginning of Green Revolu tion which led to phenomenal increase in wheat production.

Although wheat is grown in every district of the state but six leading producers include Ludhiana, Sangrur, Ferozepur, Faridkot, Patiala and Amritsar which together contribute 66 per cent of the state's output of wheat.

Wheat cultivation in

Punjab

PUNJAB

• Favourable Climate – There should be temperate climate. Cold and humid weather would do in the beginning stages then warm and dry stages would be preferred.• Favourable Temperature – 10 degree – 15 decree during sowing and

growing stages. And over 20 degree during harvesting and ripening stages.• Favourable Rainfall – Average 50 to 70 cm rainfall annually and it

should be well distributed. Keep one thing in mind that the field should be free from frost.• Preferable Altitude – 300 to 400 meter above sea level.• Favourable soil – Black alluvia and clayey soil and it should be well

irrigated and drained.• Favourable terrain – Flat land or plains• Favourable Sunshine - Moderate

ClimateTHE CLIMATE NEEDS TO BE SOOTHING FOR THE WHEAT CROPS TO GROW

PROCESS OF WHEAT CULTIVATION1.Ploughing is done in order to loosen the soil for sowing. As wheat

is sown after the rainy season, so the soil remains moist which lessens the hardness.

2.Wheat seeds are now sown into the soil by different methods which would be told in the next to next slide.

3.During this period itself fertilizers are be added and during the growth of wheat crop.

4.Next the wheat is harvested when the stem ( stalk ) becomes goldish and is tall up to 1meter in height. Harvesting can be done manually or by machines. The use of tractors and harvesters are seen more in Punjab.

5.Finally wheat is packed in Jute bags and is dispatched and send for storage, selling or production.

Drilling method - It is the dropping of seeds into the soil with the help of implement such as mogha, seed drill, seed-cum-Ferti driller or

mechanical seed drill.

Broadcasting method - It is the scattering of seeds by hand all over the prepared field followed by covering with wooden plank or

harrow for contact of seed with soil.

Dibbling method - It is the placing or dibbling of seeds at cross marks (+) made in the field with the help of maker as per the requirement of the crop in both the directions. It is done manually by dibbler.

METHODS OF SOWING WHEAT SEEDS IN FIELDS

HARVESTING OF WHEATHarvesting is to be done when the ears are sufficiently dry and

grains have approximately 15% moisture.Except some parts of Punjab and Haryana, wheat is harvested

manually and threshed by wheat threshers. In some area bullocks are also used for threshing.

Sometimes cutter wheels are also used for crushing wheat plants and separating wheat from chaff.

In some parts of Punjab and Haryana combined harvester does all these operations in one go.

But in this process recovery of grain is less and the straw is spread over the field.

Factors responsible for the progress of wheat cultivation in Punjab are:-

Suitable climatic conditions with light rainfall associated

with Western Disturbances

Close network of

canals

Large number of tube - wells

Easy availability of High Yielding Variety seeds

Fertile soil brought by the

rivers of the Indus system.

easy availability of fertilizers

Progressive outlook of

the famers.

Environment Challenges faced by farmers Due to intense use of toxic fertilisers during GREEN

REVOLUTION, it has been causing many disastrous damages to the farmers -:

Soil and Water pollutionDiminishing groundwater levelCausing excessive water loggingIncreasing soil salinity ( taste when salt is taken into

mouth ) and infertility .The policies of green revolution are also criticised for

farmer suicides and causing diseases among them like cancer.

Even starving and scarce of crops and resources and drought have also effected several parts of India.

GREEN REVOLUTION

Green Revolution has played a really big role in bringing back INDIA onto its path. Thanks to Dr Norman Borlaug In USA and DR M.S.Swaminathan famously known as Father of green revolution in India. Green revolutions tells about that face where researches started to happen things started to change technologies were shifting there marks to a new feet but here in India there was still scarce and shortage of resources, there was even a time when Indians were completely dependent upon other nations for their food. The use of big machines, tractors, High yielding seeds and all latest technologies which are used in wheat cultivation are all there due to green revolution. IN 1970s GREEN REVOLUTION was introduced in India. It nearly increased 150% of crop cultivation in Punjab and India. It also reduced rural poverty. There were many measures taken by Green revolution, to know more go to class 8th round the globe Cambridge Geo book and see on page no. 144.

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