Wheat breeding in Latvia Vija Strazdiņa State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute 2012
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Wheat breeding in Latvia
Vija Strazdiņa
State Stende Cereal Breeding Institute
2012
Start of the wheat breeding
Priekuļi Breeding Station
1922
Kārlis Vīgants
Erna Eglīte
Kārlis Lode
Stende Breeding Station 1923-1924
Wheat breeders Jurijs Garbars
and Emils Berziņš
The main goal of wheat breeding
The main goal
- new high yielding winter and spring wheat varieties, characterized with good lodging and diseases resistance, grain quality suitable for food or feed.
The main tasks of the wheat breeding
• Collect and investigate local material (landraces) from different districts of Latvia
• Test and evaluate suitability of foreign varieties to Latvian agroclimatical conditions
• Initiate breeding work (selection of elite plants from local forms and foreign varieties)
• Apply hybridization methods
Ancestors of the first Latvian wheat
varieties Winter wheat
‘Söl’ ( Swalöf Sweden), characterised by good resistance to lodging, but week winter hardiness.
‘Sandomiras’ (Poland) had a low lodging resistance, but good winter hardiness and baking quality.
‘Kuverta’ (Eastern Prussia) had a lodging resistance, relatively good winter hardiness, but poor baking quality.
Local winter wheat material with white awned (graecum Körn), white awnless (albidum Al., lutescens Al.) and red awned forms
Spring wheat
‘Janetzki’ (Valtdorf Germany) or local variety from Hungary had a good lodging resistance.
‘Rubin’( Swalöf Sweden) had a rezistance to Ustilago nuda (Jens).
‘Diamant’ (Swalöf Sweden) had a good lodging resistance and rezistance to Ustilago nuda (Jens).
‘Kitcener’ (Canada), ‘Extra Kolben ’ (Sweden)
Local spring wheat material
The first Latvian wheat varieties
1925-1940 Variety
Winter wheat
Originators Variety spring
wheat
Originators
Viestura I (1929) select. from Sandomira wh.
J. Garbars Imanta (1933) Select. From Aurora
J. Garbars
Zemgales (1930) Select. from local wh.
J. Garbars Stendes Nr.439
(1932) Extra Kolben/Aurora
J. Garbars
Viestura II (1937) select. from Sandomira wh.
J. Garbars
E. Bērziņš
Stendes Nr.1143
(1932) Select. fromJanetzki kviešiem
J. Garbars
Priekuļu (1927) Select. from local wh.
K. Vīgants Priekuļu (1932) Select. from local wh.
K. Vīgants
E. Eglīte
K. Lode
Wheat breeding methods
1945-1960
• Selection of branched wheat
• Wheat transformation (spring to
winter type and winter to spring
type)
• Vegetative hybridization- grafting
wheat germs on the endosperm of
other plant species (Triticum
timopheevii (Zhuk) Zhuk, Triticum
dicoccum (Shrank) Schucbl.),
branched wheat, rye
• Treating wheat grain with
radiation
Branched wheat
Branched wheat
Wheat breeding methods
1970-1990
• Winter hardiness – cold resistance
(field – laboratory test)
• Resistance to fungal disease (on the
artificial background Tilletia tritici
(Bjerk), Puccinia tritici
(Eriks&Henn) (race 77, 76), snow
mould Fussarium nivale (Fr.) (Ces)
• Resistance to Oscinella frit (Linn)
• Lodging resistance - using
laboratory methods
• Grain quality- suitable for feed
(Lysin content)
The aim of current wheat breeding- employing classic and biotechnology methods, to create and
introduce into production winter and spring wheat varieties
adapted for conventional and organic management, with grain
quality corresponding to food industry requirements and to
evaluate and maintain Latvian wheat genetic resources.
Wheat breeding methods
• Enlarging of wheat genetic resources in breeding programs (agreements with CIMMYT, ICARDA and Oregon State University USA, newiest varieties from abroad)
• Introduction of new grain quality testing methods for different end use products
• From 2000 the new methods of biotechnology (doubled haploids, DH) were employed in wheat breeding programs with the aim to speed up the breeding process.
Results of wheat breeding
From 1990 to 2010 at the State Stende CBI the
4325 winter wheat crossing combinations were
done and 125 456 fertile seeds were obtained.
The average of fertility was 35.4%.
The 1765 spring wheat crossing combinations
were done and 84 200 seeds were obtained. The
average of fertility was 32.8%.
Results of wheat breeding
• During 90 years 16 winter and 11 spring
wheat varieties of bread wheat (Tr.
aestivum L.) have been originated at
Priekuļi and Stende, and introduced into
the market.
Wheat varieties registered from 2000
Winter wheat
‘Krista’
‘Sakta’
‘Banga S’
‘Moda’ (‘Otto’)
‘Fredis’
Spring Wheat
‘Uffo’
‘Robijs’
“Banga S”
Winter wheat ‘Fredis’ Donskaja Polukarļikovaja/Lowrin//Abe
Registered in Latvian Plant Cataloque from 2007 and in
Estonian Plant Catalogue from 2011
Good winter hardiness (7-9 point)
Earliness (growing period 212-215
days from 01.01.)
Yield in average is 6.0 t ha-1
Grain quality is suitable for food.
Spring wheat ‘Uffo’
Sigma/Eta
Registered in Latvian Plant Cataloque from 2008. and in
Estonian Plant Catalogue from 2009
Midle-early
Grain yield 6.0-8.0 t ha-1
Grain quality is suitable for food and
feed
Stable Falling Number in unfavorable
meteorological conditions
Spring wheat ‘Robijs’ (Dragon/Annina//Fasan)Fasan
Developed in collaboration with
the Institute of Biology Latvian University
Registered in Latvian Plant Cataloque from 2011
Midle-early
Grain yield 7.0-8.0 t ha-1
Grain quality is suitable for
food and feed
Winter wheat variety under testing
‘Edvins’
Good winter hardiness (7-9
point)
Earliness (growing period
214-216 days from 01.01.)
Yield in average is 8.0 t ha-1
Grain quality is suitable for
food.
WHQ91058/OR908173 State testing from 2009
Winter wheat variety under testing
‘Talsis’
Good winter hardiness
(7 point)
Yield in average is 8.0 t ha-1
Grain quality is suitable for
food and feed
Veselanka/Nadzeja State testing from 2009
Thank you for
your attention!
Breeding for
future...
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