WhatWhat did Chief Seattle mean when he said that the white man “forget their father´s graves”? According to Chief Seattle, land is the white man´s.

for Environmental for Environmental Science Science

Unit 1Unit 1

• What did Chief Seattle mean when What did Chief Seattle mean when he said that the white man “forget he said that the white man “forget

their father´s graves”?their father´s graves”?

According to Chief According to Chief Seattle, land is the white Seattle, land is the white

man´s ______ and man´s ______ and therefore, he needs to therefore, he needs to

conquer it in order to feel conquer it in order to feel at ease with it. at ease with it.

• The goal of ENVIRONMENTAL The goal of ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE is to reach SCIENCE is to reach

_______________._______________.

• What is What is environmental environmental sustainablitysustainablity??

• What is the difference What is the difference between between environmental environmental sciencescience and and ecologyecology??

• Which of the two fields Which of the two fields involves a study of involves a study of economics, law, economics, law, sociology, culture, etc.sociology, culture, etc.

• What are the three main issues What are the three main issues of environmental science?of environmental science?

• Define each one.Define each one.

• Give a specific example of each Give a specific example of each in Paraguay.in Paraguay.

• What is your What is your ecological ecological footprintfootprint??

• What two measurements What two measurements (quantities) were given at (quantities) were given at the end of the test to the end of the test to show you how large your show you how large your footprint is?footprint is?

• What is the What is the carbon partcarbon part of your ecological of your ecological footprint refer to?footprint refer to?

• Why was your ecological Why was your ecological footprint low even though footprint low even though you didn´t do many of the you didn´t do many of the eco-friendly things that eco-friendly things that were asked?were asked?

• Why would an AmericanWhy would an American´s footprint be over 1 no ´s footprint be over 1 no matter how many eco-matter how many eco-friendly things s/he does friendly things s/he does on an individual level?on an individual level?

• What are the two kinds of What are the two kinds of overpopulation?overpopulation?

• What kinds of countries What kinds of countries generally experience generally experience consumption overpopulationconsumption overpopulation??

• In terms of people and In terms of people and resources, which goes with resources, which goes with which kind of overpopulation: which kind of overpopulation: too many resources per person, too many resources per person, too many people per resource?too many people per resource?

• What are the three criteria we What are the three criteria we discussed that distinguish discussed that distinguish

highly-developed, moderately-highly-developed, moderately-developed, and less-developed developed, and less-developed

countries?countries?

• What are the two kinds of What are the two kinds of natural resources?natural resources?

• Give an example of a Give an example of a renewablerenewable and a and a non-non-renewable natural renewable natural resourceresource..

•What is a commons?What is a commons?•What happened in medieval Europe to What happened in medieval Europe to

the common pastureland for the common pastureland for livestock?livestock?

•What solution was implemented for What solution was implemented for the depletion of this natural the depletion of this natural

resource?resource?

•What connection was Garrett Hardin What connection was Garrett Hardin making between the medieval making between the medieval

commons with the global commons commons with the global commons today?today?

• What problem began to What problem began to surface around Lake surface around Lake Washington in the 1950´s?Washington in the 1950´s?

• Describe the five steps of Describe the five steps of what happens when what happens when phosphates phosphates are dumped are dumped into a lake causing fish to into a lake causing fish to die.die.

• What solution was What solution was proposed?proposed?

• Who had to agree for the Who had to agree for the solution to work?solution to work?

• Who paid for the solution?Who paid for the solution?

• What exactly gives Lake Ypacarai What exactly gives Lake Ypacarai its green color?its green color?

• Give two reasons why the solution Give two reasons why the solution applied to the Lake Washington applied to the Lake Washington

problem would be more difficult in problem would be more difficult in Lake Ypacarai?Lake Ypacarai?

• What caused the What caused the new problem that new problem that occurred in Lake occurred in Lake

Washington in 2005?Washington in 2005?• What problem What problem

occurred in the lake occurred in the lake because of the rising because of the rising lake temperatures?lake temperatures?• Who has to “get Who has to “get together” to solve together” to solve

this new problem in this new problem in Lake Washington? Lake Washington?

• Why are today´s environmental Why are today´s environmental problems more difficult to solve problems more difficult to solve than those of the 1950´s and 60than those of the 1950´s and 60

´s?´s?

• In what geographical region of In what geographical region of the world are the 10 most the world are the 10 most

polluted cities in the world polluted cities in the world located?located?

• Why are communist countries Why are communist countries particularly polluted?particularly polluted?

Measures of DevelopmentMeasurement U. S. Japan Mexico Indonesia Paraguay

Life expect. (in years) 77 81 71.5 68 74.5Annual Pop. Growth 0.8% 0.2% 1.7% 1.8% 2.4%

GNP per person($) 29,240 32,350 3,840 640 4500Pop. Density (per sq. mile) 78 829 133 319 44

Energy Use(Million

BTUS/person/year)351 168 59 18 15

CO2 from fossil fuels (tons/person per year) 20.4 9.3 3.5 2.2 0.7

Garbage Produced (kg./person/year) 720 400 300 43 365

• If we divide the number of global If we divide the number of global hectares by the number of people hectares by the number of people on the planet, how many hectares on the planet, how many hectares

does each person get?does each person get?• What do each of the letters in IPAT What do each of the letters in IPAT

stand for?stand for?• What are the three ways to reduce What are the three ways to reduce

“I” in the formula?“I” in the formula?

• Sustainable development means a Sustainable development means a balance between what three balance between what three

aspects of human existence?aspects of human existence?

• How would a country be if it had to How would a country be if it had to much emphasis on environmental much emphasis on environmental

protection?protection?

• How would a country be if it had to How would a country be if it had to much emphasis on economic much emphasis on economic

development?development?

• Suppose the average smoker Suppose the average smoker smokes 2 packs of cigarretes a smokes 2 packs of cigarretes a

day.day.• Suppose each pack of cigarretes Suppose each pack of cigarretes

has 10 cigarettes.has 10 cigarettes.• Suppose each cigarette produces Suppose each cigarette produces

7–23 milligrams of air pollution• The UN calculates there are 1 The UN calculates there are 1

billion smokers in the world.billion smokers in the world.

What is the What is the environmental impact environmental impact of smoking (in mg) in one day?of smoking (in mg) in one day?

• What are the five stages of What are the five stages of solving an environmental solving an environmental

problem?problem?

Muncipal Ordinance Nr. 100-34 is passed limiting

Smoking in Public Buildings

All public employees are made to watch a video on

the evils of regular smoking and second hand smoke

Number of employee sick days for the year

2011 are compared with the number of sick days for 2010

W/O intervention: Cost of lawsuits from

employees who demand their right to

smoke is compared to savings from missed employee sick days due to respiratory

related diseases/conditions

Cigarrete smokers lose an average of 3.5 more sick days than non-smokers.

• What is an What is an environmental environmental sourcesource??

• What is an What is an environmental sinkenvironmental sink??• What is What is natural capitalnatural capital??

• What do both consumption and What do both consumption and production generate?production generate?

• What is ironic about the What is ironic about the location of the environmental location of the environmental

sourcesource andand sinksink??• Since we live on a sphere, what Since we live on a sphere, what

is the only way to not make the is the only way to not make the source and sink the same source and sink the same

place? place?

• Give specific examples of two Give specific examples of two kinds of costs associated with kinds of costs associated with

increased pollution.increased pollution.

• What happens to the cost of What happens to the cost of reducing each succesive unit of reducing each succesive unit of pollution?pollution?

• Why is this graph an increasing Why is this graph an increasing curve and not an increasing curve and not an increasing

straight line?straight line?

Amount of Pollution

Co

st of d

amag

e

It is more expensive.

The cleaner you want to get the more

expensive the materials to clean it.

• What is it called when the cost of What is it called when the cost of reducing pollution just equals the reducing pollution just equals the

cost of increased pollution?cost of increased pollution?• Is the point generally above the Is the point generally above the

point of optimum pollution or point of optimum pollution or below? Why?below? Why?

Co

st per p

ollu

tion

un

it

Amount of Pollution