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What’s going on in a What’s going on in a Veterinary Toxicology Veterinary Toxicology
B.S)B.S) Sample receiving areaSample receiving area
Toxicology TestingToxicology Testing
450 to 500 case submissions 450 to 500 case submissions per monthper month
~35,000 tests per year~35,000 tests per year Chain-of-custodyChain-of-custody QC/QA in placeQC/QA in place Over 80 validated analytical Over 80 validated analytical
methodsmethods Established turn-around-timesEstablished turn-around-times Method developmentMethod development
OR in 2003 and 2004: more than 20 dogs OR in 2003 and 2004: more than 20 dogs become ill after visiting an off-leash park become ill after visiting an off-leash park and a beach area. Most of them died. and a beach area. Most of them died.
Acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea Acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea after park or beach visit.after park or beach visit.
Many dogs were not presented until 2-3 Many dogs were not presented until 2-3 days.days.
Inappetence and lethargy, renal and Inappetence and lethargy, renal and respiratory failurerespiratory failure
Samples collected for toxicology Samples collected for toxicology testing:testing: Urine, lung, vomitusUrine, lung, vomitus
ParaquatParaquat Colorimetric, SPE quick testColorimetric, SPE quick test Development of a new LC/MS methodologyDevelopment of a new LC/MS methodology
Quantitation of paraquat in serum or Quantitation of paraquat in serum or plasma of poisoned animals or plasma of poisoned animals or humans:humans: Used to assess the severity of the intoxicationUsed to assess the severity of the intoxication Used as a prognostic indicatorUsed as a prognostic indicator
Zinc PhosphideZinc Phosphide
History:History: Puppy presented in critical condition at vet Puppy presented in critical condition at vet
clinicclinic Owners mentioned “gopher bait” in Owners mentioned “gopher bait” in
backyardbackyard Vets and veterinary technicians developed Vets and veterinary technicians developed
severe headaches, itchy skin and sore severe headaches, itchy skin and sore throatsthroats
Samples collected for toxicology Samples collected for toxicology testing:testing: Stomach contentsStomach contents
Zinc PhosphideZinc Phosphide
Diagnostic testing:Diagnostic testing: SPME extraction, followed by GC/MSSPME extraction, followed by GC/MS Confirmed presence of phosphineConfirmed presence of phosphine
Phosphide-containing gopher baits:Phosphide-containing gopher baits: Grain bait, paste, tablets, tracking powderGrain bait, paste, tablets, tracking powder Concentration from 0.5% to 10%Concentration from 0.5% to 10% Minimum lethal dose for most species:12 – Minimum lethal dose for most species:12 –
50 mg/kg50 mg/kg Precaution when collecting samples!Precaution when collecting samples!
Tests for Tests for Pesticides/Household ToxinsPesticides/Household Toxins Insecticides:Insecticides:
manganesemanganese Copper, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, ironCopper, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, iron Thallium, barium, and many othersThallium, barium, and many others