Roger Leakey Interna.onal Tree Founda.on and ICRAF www.interna.onaltreefounda.on.org www.worldagroforestrycentre.org What’s cooking on farms? Domes.ca.on of indigenous fruit trees for sustainable intensifica.on Treeenriched farms diversified and intensified Tradi2onally and culturally important tree species (foods/medicines) cul2vated and domes2cated for social and economic benefits (valueadding, processing and trade) CBD COP 11 17 Oct 2012
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What’s cooking on farms? CBD COP 11 - 17 Oct 2012 Domestication of indigenous fruit trees for sustainable intensification
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Roger Leakey Interna.onal Tree Founda.on and ICRAF
What’s cooking on farms? Domes.ca.on of indigenous fruit trees for sustainable
intensifica.on Tree-‐enriched farms diversified and intensified
Tradi2onally and culturally important tree species (foods/medicines) cul2vated and domes2cated for social and economic benefits (value-‐adding, processing and trade)
Data on micronutrients, faGy acids, etc. in Leakey 1999, Food Chemistry 64, 1-‐14.
Tree-‐to-‐tree varia.on in Vitamin E and an.-‐nutrient contents Figure 10. Tocopherol content of Canarium indicum kernels from individual trees in East
Figure 12. Antioxidant and Phenolic content of Canarium indicum kernels from individual trees in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea
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Individual trees
Con
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Antioxidant capacity Phenolic content
Antioxidant in mg ascorbate equivalents per gPhenolics in mg catechin equivalents per g
Cycle of Land Degrada.on and Social Depriva.on
CGIAR Research Program CRP1.1 Dryland Systems
POVERTY
LAND DEGRADATION
To address the problem we must resolve both
issues at the same time
Loss of crop yield
Filling the Yield Gap
Solution Step 2+3 Step 1
Yield Gap Solution
Cro
p yi
eld
(to
nnes
per
hec
tare
)
Step 1: Restore soil fertility using leguminous trees that fix nitrogen
Filling the ‘Yield Gap’
This also partially restores the ecological health of soils
Yields can be raised from <1 tonne/hectare to around 4-5 tonnes per hectare
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Par.cipatory Tree Domes.ca.on
Filling the ‘Yield Gap’ Step 2. Integrating traditionally important trees on-farm
Par.cipatory tree domes.ca.on Process • PRA for priority seTng • Capacity building / mentoring in communi2es (hor2cultural skills, nursery
management, agroforestry prac2ces, community development, use of microfinance, business development)
• Support for village tree nurseries • Farmers drive their own ini2a2ves • Benefit flows direct to farmers • Community empowerment Urgent needs • BeGer IPR protec2on of farmer developed varie2es/cul2vars • BeGer compliance with Access & Benefit sharing agreements to protect
commercial innova2ons
Commercializa.on of AFTPs – A vital business ini.a.ve for reduc.on of poverty in
Africa
From tradi.onal markets ………………. to…………….… new business
Filling the ‘Yield Gap’ Step 3. Commercialization, value addition and trade
Filling the ‘Yield Gap’ Step 3. Commercialization, value addition and trade (2)
Stall-‐fed tree fodder (Embu Kenya) from 400m hedge of Calliandra calothyrsus could produce enough feed for two cows (90 kg per day) in the dry season (3 months). This raised the milk yield by over 300 litres (= 3 kg of homegrown tree fodder was equivalent to 1 kg of purchased dairy ‘concentrate’).