Whatisanincinerator? - epsmg.jkr.gov.myepsmg.jkr.gov.my/images/e/ee/PESB_Intro_-_Incinerator_JKR_(2).pdf · Selectingtherightincinerator Most incinerators are custom designed to fit

What is an incinerator?Incinerator is a machine to destruct wastes with organic content and incomplete combustionemission with high temperature and presence of air.

But did you know there are also machines that can destructwastes with high temperature but without or minimum air?

Types of incineratorsSome of the more common types of incinerators are such as:

Rotary Kiln Moving Grate / Stoker Fluidized Bed Fixed Grate / Fixed Bed

Selecting the right incineratorMost incinerators are custom designed to fit individual requirements unless packaged incinerators arepreferred.

Even packaged incinerators come in different capacities and applications.

To select the right incinerator, one must have information of the followings:Waste : type, capacity, characteristic, composition Location : suitability, size Operation : hours Fuel : diesel, natural gas, lpg

Process flowStandard features of all incinerators

Dual chamber

Chimney

Diesel / Gas burner / Dual fuel burner

Blower

Thermocouples

Temperature controller

Control panel

Atmosphere

Burner BurnerPCCBurner Burner

SCC

Chimney

Burner

Ash

Waste

ChambersAll incinerators must have minimum 2 chambers (i.e. primary combustion chamber (PCC) &secondary combustion chamber (SCC)).

There is another additional ash chamber (AC) which might not be applicable to someincinerators.

Function

PCC: It is for the incineration of any physical items containing organic content by reducing itsweight and volume down to ash.

It is for the incineration of incomplete combustion emission with sufficientresidence/retention time and high temperature.

It is for temporary storage of ash to cool down prior removal and to allow continuousincineration process.

SCC:

AC:

Chambers - Materials of construction

Mild Steel w Epoxy Paint

Castable Refractory

Fire Bricks

Calcium Silicate Board

ChimneyChimney or stack is a vertical structure orpassage for hot flue gas emission to bechanneled to the atmosphere.

Some important requirements:

1. Min height of 11m should there be notall building nearby

Chimney2. Stainless steel and insulated with castable refractory

Chimney3. Sampling port for sample collection

Chimney4. Stair or platform for operator (depending on the height/location of sampling port)

Burners and fuel storage tankThere are 2 types of burners that are commonly used.

1) Diesel burner

Burners and fuel storage tank2) Gas burner : LPG or Natural Gas

BurnersBoth types of burners have their own pros and cons:

No Description Diesel Burner Gas Burner

1 Price Cheaper More expensive

2 Operation cost More expensive Cheaper

3 Safety Safer More dangerous

4 Cleanliness Dirtier Cleaner

Thermocouple & temperature controllerThermocouple is an electrical device to measure high temperature.

Temperature controller is an electrical device that is able to control the operation of the burnersafter receiving inputs from the thermocouple.

Control panelRelay vs PLC

Both relay and PLC basic function is to controlany electro-mechanical systems be it a machineor in a factory.

Relay was first introduced to the industrybefore PLC.

PLC is considered an industrial computer that isprogrammed to control processes where elserelay is just more of an electrical switch only.

Generally PLC is more advanced in terms ofprogramming logics and it is more suitable forsophisticated logics.

For small incinerators, relay is more suitable.

Other accessories – Waste feederWaste feeder system is used for transferring waste into the incinerator. It is anoptional component and it is more suitable for large quantity of waste.

Conveyor System

Hydraulic Ram System

Other accessories – Air pollution control SystemAir pollution controlsystemremovecontent

is used tohazardous

in flue gas. Airpollutionsystemoptional

controlis also an

componentsuitable forand

largeit is

quantity andhazardous waste.

Blower Scrubber System Wet Scrubber System

Safety features Negative pressure

Automatic switch off primary burner when main charging door opens

Well insulated to reduce body surface temperature below 50OC

One press/switch OFF button easily accessible on control panel

Portable fire extinguisher

Tap water

Requirement for installationTypically there is only 1 approval needed for installation of an incinerator. In very rare cases, there will be anadditional approval required.Department of Environment (DOE) / Jabatan Alam Sekitar (JAS)i. Penilaian Awal Tapak (PAT)

Jabatan Bomba Dan Penyelamat Malaysia (BOMBA)

I.

II.

III.

Jarak minyak tangki ke bangunan mesti tidak kurang 3m

Perangkap minyak mesti dipasang di longkang atau pasir di sekeliling minyak tangkimeresap minyak sekiranya ada kebocoran

Tanda dilarang merokok dan hazard mesti ada

Pemadam api mesti ada

Kawasan minyak tangki mesti sentiasa bersih (lalang juga tidak dibenarkan)

diperlukan untuk

IV.

V.

VI.

Minyak tangki diluar bangunan mesti di keliling oleh dinding (barn wall)

Scope of works involvedC&S works M&E works Obtaining approval from PBT,TNB, Bomba, etc. if necessary

Water agency, Obtaining approval from DOE

Design,incinerator

Testing & commissioning

Training to operator

fabricate, supply and install of All foundation and pilling works, ifnecessary

All civil and structural works

All external and drainage works includingservice and access road Supply and connection of electricity to thebuilding/control panel Supply and connection water to thebuilding/control panel

TIME FRAMEThe typical project completion schedule for package incinerator is as follow:

••

Time frame for DOE approval is only an estimateThe expected total time completion for one project is within 3-4months excluding DOE approval

No Description Time frame

1 Obtain DOE approval 3 months or more

2 Land clearing (depending on size) 1 month

3 Civil and structure (typically for less than half an acre) 4-6 months

4 Design and fabricate incinerator 2.5 months

5 Supply and install (depending on civil contractor) 1 week

6 Roofing, M&E fittings, perimeter fencing 1 week

7 Testing & commissioning, training and handover 1 day

FIXED BED INCINERATORS (packaged incinerators)

Threedifferent

models withdifferent

capacities tosuit differentapplications.

BT MODEL – for trashwith capacity from 30 –120 kg/hr

BHC MODEL – forcrematorium purposeswith capacity of 1.5corpse/hr

BCA MODEL – foranimal carcass withcapacity from 60 – 200kg/hr

ROTARY KILN BATCH INCINERATORRKBI is a batchprocess rotary kilnincineratorsmallerapplications

forscale

and itdesignis

tocustom

suit client’scapacity.

- Higher efficiency and lower fuelconsumption

ROTARY KILN BATCH INCINERATORAMMWISTM

affordablemunicipalincinerator

ormodular

wastesystem ispatentedthe first

rotary kilncompletepollutionsystemMalaysian

incineratorwith air

controlbuilt by

withSIRIM’s collaboration.

- Heat generated from the incineration plant can beutilized for electricity generation

MOBILE ROTARY KILN INCINERATORA very special custom design rotary kiln incinerator complete withair pollution control system that fits on top of a trailer.

- Mobile, flexible, higherefficiency and lower fuelconsumption

MICROWAVE INCINERATOR

A very first of itskindpowered

incineratorby

microwave as fueland

withfor combustioncompleteflexibility to switchmode for different - Under pyrolysis condition, it

can produce hydrocarbons ingaseous and liquid form. Theother end product is carbon.

end results.

EVAPORATORThissystemdesignedspecially

is

onlyliquidwaste

for

- It evaporates the liquid wastes in the evaporationchamber with high temperature and further treat the flue

gas with air pollution control system.

TRACK RECORDList of recent clients using our BT model incinerator

No Client State Year Unit Model

1 Ranger Hospital Karachi 2007 1 BT040

2 East Timor Hospitals East Timor 2006 3 BT030

3 Four Seasons Hotel Maldives 2006 2 BT115

4 White Nile Petroleum Sudan 2004 1 BT040

5 Royal Malaysian Naval Base Sabah 2004 1 BT040

6 Kem Gerak Khas Mersing Johor 2003 1 BT115

7 Royal Malaysian Naval Base Perak 2000 1 BT040

8 Putrajaya Parcel B Putrajaya 2000 1 BT040

9 Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia Kedah 2000 1 BT040

10 Zoo Melaka Melaka 1999 1 BT040

TRACK RECORDList of recent clients using our BCA model incinerator

No Client State Year Unit Model

1 Zoo Negara Selangor 2014 1 BCA210

2 University Malaysia Kelantan Kelantan 2010 1 BCA210

3 UPM Bintulu Sarawak 2009 1 BCA075

4 Makmal Veterinar Bukit Tengah Pulau Pinang 2007 1 BCA210

5 Institut Penyelidikan Haiwan Perak 2006 2 BCA210

6 Zoo Taiping Perak 2006 1 BCA075

7 Pulau Layang-Layang Resort Sabah 2006 1 BCA075

8 Quarantine Complex Skudai Johor 2002 1 BCA210

9 University Malaysia Sabah Sabah 2001 1 BCA165

10 Makmal Veterinar JB Johor 2001 1 BCA210

TRACK RECORDList of recent clients using our BHC model incinerator

No Client State Year Unit

1 Pertubuhan Pengurusan Rumah Pembakaran Mayat Jelutong Melaka Melaka 2015 1

2 Jawatankuasa Pengurusan Hindu Sabah Hilir Perak Perak 2014 2

3 MP Subang Jaya Selangor 2012 2

4 MB Melaka Bersejarah Melaka 2007 1

5 Tiong Hua Sandakan Sabah 2004 2

6 MP Klang Selangor 2003 3

7 Fook Lu Siew Sabah 2003 2

8 Kong Hock Keong Temple Perak 2000 2

9 Chinese Cemetery Bukit Pinang Kedah 1998 2

10 Malacca Chinese Chamber of Commerce Melaka 1998 2

TRACK RECORDList of recent clients using our RKBI model incinerator

No Client State Year Unit Model

1 Perhilitan Selangor 2010 1 RKBI 200

INCINERATION SERVICES