What the cloud has to do with a burning house?

Prof. Dr. Nane Kratzke

What to do if your cloud is burning?

Well, be prepared ...

ESCAPE ROUTE (aka Agenda)

2

Burning cloud? What does that mean?

How long is your escape route in cloud computing?

Who takes care for escape routes in cloud computing?

How can escape routes look like in cloud computing?

Why to take the risk?

What is your major whish in a burning house?

Get out! Fast ...

Was ist ihr sehnlichster Wunsch in einem brennenden Haus?

However, there remains onequestion ...

How to convince these both toget in, just to get you out?

It is simple. They got a promise:„If something happens, we will get you

out, what ever it takes!“

Cloud TRANSIT (a research project to get you out of a cloud)

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• There are a lot ofapproaches to get intoa cloud.

• But almost no(pragmatic) approaches exist toleave a cloud or movebetween clouds.

• But: If you know howto get out, you aremore willing to take therisk to go in.

What does it mean? My cloud is burning ...

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nane KratzkePraktische Informatik und betriebliche Informationssysteme 9

• Provider is insolvent ...

• Provider rises prices ...

• Provider reduces resource limits ...

• Provider terminates your contract ...

• Provider has availability problems ...

• Changing laws (data protection) ...

• Other governance/compliance reasons (data hosted on US territory, NSA?)

There are a lot of (hardly predictable) reasons toleave a cloud service provider.

ESCAPE ROUTE (Agenda)

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Example: Instagram


• Worldwide social network for image sharing

• 20 employees

• Hosted by Amazon Web Services

• Net asset value of 1 Bill. USD (that paid Facebook)

• No noteworthy IT assets or datacenters (just 20 laptops)

YearsIt took only

Example: Instagram


• Approximately 1 year for analysis and

• development of toolings (especially IP Collision Handling)

• About 4 to 8 weeks for all migration steps (inlcuding severe outages)

Question: How long does it take to transfer all Instagram services anddata into Facebook datacenters?

???

This was no ad-hoc transfer! This was a major project.

So, your escape route can be long, ...

... lonely,

cumbersome

and far away from any data highway.


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Did you know ...More than 95% of all enterprises are small enterprises?


micro enterprisessmall enterprisesmedium enterpriseslarge enterprises

Category Employees Turnover

Micro enterprises < 10 < 2 Mio. €

Small enterprises < 50 < 10 Mio. €

Medium enterprises < 250 < 50 Mio. €

Large enterprises >= 250 >= 50 Mio. €

Distribution of ICT enterprises in the European Union (2014), EUSTAT

Current Cloud Computing Research ...

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nane KratzkeComputer Science and Business Information Systems 16

• Has often implicit assumptions:

• Arbitrary companies with

• large IT-staffs providing the capability to handle

• arbitrary complexity of tools and methods.

• These “Super Tankers“ do not have to be afraidof inconviences like vendor lock-in. They are bigenough to solve the problem ...

Our target group is different ...


• Small sailing boat vs. Supertanker (weather)

• Small and medium sized enterprises (SME)

• 1 person IT-staffs

• Public and private cloud computing

• We analyze

• Container technologies (like Docker)

• Container cluster (like Kubernetes, Swarm, Mesos)

According to that ....

Cloud fire protection for(not just) smallenterprises (that means95% of all enterprises) looks like that ...



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Good News ...


2006

2 cloud servicesreflected by cloud

standards

2016

11 cloud servicesreflected by cloud

standards

5 times more standardization than 10 years before !!!

Example:

But ...


2 2

2 4 6 77

7 7 11 11

1 1

2 4 7 1014

21 26 42 44

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Relationofconsid

eredservices

consideredbyCIMI,OCCI,CDMI,OVF,OCI,TOSCA notconsidered

The relation of services reflected by cloudstandards to cloud services not reflected bycloud standards decreased over the last 10 years!

Analyzed using over 2300 offical release notes of Amazon Web Services (AWS). Data for other providers like Google, Azure, Rackspace, etc. not presented. Basic conclusions for theseproviders are the same.

Cloud-native applicationsare vulnerable for vendorlock-in. That is especially

true for SMEs.

Cloud-native Applications

Cloud native applications are often characterized bya highly implicit technological dependency on

hosting cloud infrastructures. The project Cloud TRANSIT investigates how to design cloud-native applications and services to reduce technologicaldependencies on underlying cloud infrastructures.

DEFINITION: A cloud-native application is a (micro)service-based, elastic and horizontal scalable application where each self-containeddeployment unit of that application is designedaccording to cloud-focused software design patternsand operated on a self-service agile elastic platform.

The Cloud-Native Reference Model (ClouNS)


Popular Container-based Cluster Platforms ...


Docker SwarmSwarm Mode (sinceDocker 1.12) Clones

Kubernetes-like controlprocesses but integrates

them in just onecomponent. Secure by

default (control and dataplane). Hides operation

complexity.

GoogleControl processes that

continuously drive current stateof container based applicationstowards a defined desired state. Makes Google‘s experience ofrunning large scale productionworkloads available as open

source.

MesosphereApache Mesos based

datacenter operating systemfor fine grained resource

allocation. Frameworks tooperate containers and data

services. Datacenter focused. Mesos operates successfullylarge scale datacenters since

years (Twitter, Netflix, ...)

Practitioners ask for simple solutions (elastic platforms) ...

Avoid Vendor Lock-In using alreadyexisting Container-Technologies


Operate application on current provider.

Scale cluster into prospective provider.

Shutdown nodes on current provider. Cluster reschedules lost container.

Migration finished.

Pets

Cattle

It is all about pets vs. cattle!http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/03/18/servers_pets_or_cattle_cern/


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Kostenassoziativät

New Business Models

e.g. cost associativity

e.g. unpredictable workloads

Berkley View of Cloud Computing, 2009: Cost associativity in Cloud Computing

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It cost the same to operate ...

... 720 machines

for one hour

or one machine for

720 hours.

We are afraid of peak loads, but why?

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„In other words, even if cloud services cost, say, twice as much, a pure cloud solution makes sense forthose demand curves where the peak-to-average ratiois two-to-one or higher.“Weinman, Mathematical Proof of the Inevitability of Cloud Computing, 2011

http://www.joeweinman.com/Resources/Joe_Weinman_Inevitability_Of_Cloud.pdf

Analyzed use case

• Web technology lecture/practical course forcomputer science students (bachelor) in summer2011 and summer/winter 2012.

• Projects: Development of web informationsystems (Drupal based)

• All groups were assigned cloud service accountsprovided by Amazon Web Services (AWS).

• Analysis of billing as well as usage data providedby AWS.


Usage Analysis

31Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nane KratzkeComputer Science and Business Information Systems

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Average Box UsageMaximum Box Usage in an hour

(A)Maximum and Average Box Usage

Calendar Week

Use

d S

erve

r Box

es

010

2030

4050

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

(B)Accumulated Processing Hours per Week

Calendar Week

Pro

cess

ing

Hou

rs

0500

1000

1500

2000

14 16 18 20 22 24

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

(C)Average Box to Maximum Box Ratio

according to Weinman

Calendar Week

Avg

to M

ax B

ox U

sage

Rat

io

Training

Project 24x7 Migration

Average to Peak Ratio per week

32Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nane KratzkeComputer Science and Business Information Systems

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25



Calendar Week

Use

d S

erve

r Box

es

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2030

4050

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25


Calendar WeekP

roce

ssin

g H

ours

0500

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14 16 18 20 22 24

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

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1.0(C)

Average Box to Maximum Box Ratioaccording to Weinman

Calendar Week

Avg

to M

ax B

ox U

sage

Rat

io

Cloud computing iseconomical reasonable

Cloud computingmight be reasonable

Cloud computing iseconomical not reasonable

Economical Decision AnalysisA four step process to decide for or against cloud based virtual labs


A cloud based solution provides a morethan 25 times cost advantage.

The measured ATP ratio of 0.035 means in fact a 1/0.035 == 28.57 times cost advantage.

This means for the presented use case:

Compared to necessary investment efforts for a classicaldedicated system implementation.

Why this big cost advantage?


13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25



Calendar Week

Use

d S

erve

r Box

es

010

2030

4050

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25


Calendar Week

Pro

cess

ing

Hou

rs

0500

1000

1500

2000

14 16 18 20 22 24

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

(C)Average Box to Maximum Box Ratio

according to Weinman

Calendar Week

Avg

to M

ax B

ox U

sage

Rat

io

How to dimensionize the data center? Hmm, peak load ...peak load

averageload

And the delta?

Measures the overdimension of a data center


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Summary

• You want to adopt cloud computing?

• Think about your escape strategy FIRST!

• Support research focussing small andmedium sized enterprises (it does not costsooo much)

• That supports 95% of all enterprises

• (and not only 5% supertankers)

• New (maybe disruptive?) business models ...

• Cost associativity

• Cost advantages for non-static ofunpredictable workloads

Acknowledgement

• All Pictures taken from Pixabay.com (CC0 Licence)


Our research is funded by German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

(Project Cloud TRANSIT, 03FH021PX4). We thank fat IT solution GmbH (Kiel)

for their support of Cloud TRANSIT.

Picture ReferencePresentation URL

About


CoSA: https://cosa.fh-luebeck.de/en/contact/people/n-kratzke

Blog: http://www.nkode.io

Twitter: @NaneKratzke

GooglePlus: +NaneKratzke

LinkedIn: https://de.linkedin.com/in/nanekratzke

GitHub: https://github.com/nkratzke

ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nane_Kratzke

SlideShare: http://de.slideshare.net/i21aneka

Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Nane Kratzke

What the cloud has to do with a burning house?

Technology