What started the War? Direct Cause: See next slide!!!!Indirect Causes: Nationalism – Germany unites itself under their love of the fatherland Imperialism.

WEAPONS AND TACTICS OF WORLD

WAR I

Notes - Causes

What started the War?

Direct Cause: See next slide!!!! Indirect Causes:Nationalism – Germany unites itself under their love of the fatherlandImperialism – Britain’s empire is causing other emperors to think of expanding their own countriesAlliances – Everyone had agreed to help someoneMilitarism – Due to new tech in weaponry, everyone was creating huge armies

Notes - Causes

Archduke Ferdinand is assassinated by a Serbian

teenager!

Austria-Hungary

declares war on Serbia

Russia promises to help Serbia

Germany joins AH and declares war

on France

Germany invades

Belgium who is friends

with Britain

German U-boats sink

the Lusitania

US declares war on

Germany after

Zimmerman Note

US Infantry

Flamethrowers

M1903 Springfield

M1917 Browning

MK 1 Grenade

Artillery

Stokes Mortar

BL Howitzer (8 inch)Range: 5 miles

Tanks

Mark V

Renault FT

Airplanes

Fokker DR 1 Triplane

Scout C

Navy

U boat

Aircraft Carriers

Destroyer

Trenches

A Soldier’s Life

Mark I Trench Knife 50% of the men who went into the

trenches made it out unscathed World War I soldiers were more likely to

die from artillery shell explosions than gunfire

99% of abdominal wounds were fatal No antibiotics yet: so disease killed just

as many as weapons

Shell Shock

56% of soldiers became casualties in the war!

10% of soldiers died in the trenches Many went crazy in the trenches Many just sat and stared “Thousand yard stare” Now it is called:

Combat Stress ReactionPost Traumatic Stress Syndrome

Notes – Big Battles

2nd Battle of the Marne When: July-August, 1918Where: Marne RiverWhy: Germany’s last big offensive pushWho: 58 Allied divisions vs. 52 Central divisionsLosses: 270,000 soldiersWinner: Allied troops hold and then start their offensive which leads to the end of the warNotables: Four countries came together to beat back the GermansThey used superior scouting and planning

Notes - Sides

Central Allied

Austria-HungaryGermanyOttoman EmpireBulgaria

FranceRussiaSerbiaBritainItalyUS

Notes – The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Reason the US joined WWI:

On May 1, 1915 she left New York for EnglandShe was loaded with regular passengers and … ammunition for the war!German citizens had been warned in the US not to sail on itA U-boat torpedoed it on May 7th 11 miles off the coast of IrelandIt sank in 18 minutes killing 1,198 peopleUS citizens were outraged since Germany did not follow the rulesGermany didn’t care because they claimed it was a war ship since it had ammunition

Notes – Big Battles

1st Battle of the Marne When: September, 1914Where: Marne River in France near ParisWhy: Germany was trying to conquer FranceWho: 2.5 million soldiersLosses: 483,000 soldiersWinner: Allied troops held off the Germans from taking over France and stalled their offensiveNotables: Taxis brought the French troops to the front linesCaused the Germans to end their dreams of a quick warAirplanes played a vital role in surveillance and counter attacking

Notes – Big Battles

Battle of Argonne Forest (Grand Offensive)

When: September – November, 1918Where: The entire western front into GermanyWhy: Germany was on its heels and the Allied troops pushed them back into submissionWho: Almost 750,000 soldiersLosses: Almost 300,000 soldiersNotables: It was very costly in US lives (117,000 men)Finished the war with the Allied forces winning

Notes – InnovationsThe new ways to kill in WWI: Aircraft – Red Baron and

others would fight in air and bombard soldiers on groundArtillery – Guns had such range that you didn’t need to see them to blow them upArtillery Shells – They were more powerful and could be filled with poisonous gasesComplete/Total War – With Airplanes and Artillery battles were not fought on just battlefields but now in cities and throughout entire countrySubmarines – German U-boats sank everything that floatedTanks – To beat trenches, they created armored vehicles that could destroy without being hurt by soldiers

Notes – Parallels with A Soldier’s Heart

A Soldier’s Heart All Quiet on the Western Front

Quickness of Victory:Illusion of Honor in War:Preparation for War:First Glimpse of Battle:Starvation and Lack of Everything:Madness of Killing:The Closeness of Killing:The Constant Danger:Going Crazy:The Impossibility of the Future for the Soldiers:Watching a friend die:The similarity of the enemy:The end and nature:

Nationalism – Here at home!

Overall Results of WWI

Total Allied Central

Military Deaths: 9.7 million 5.7 million 4 million

Civilian Deaths: 6.7 million 3.6 million 3.1 million

Wounded: 21.2 million 12.8 million 8.4 million

Total Casualties: 37.6 million 22.1 million 15.5 million

% of population killed:

2% 1% 5%

% of population hurt or killed:

5% 3% 11%

American Stats: 116,708 deaths 205,690 wounded

Outcomes of World War I