What‘s an Event ? How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics Shape Upcoming Challenges for Machine Learning Models of Event Extraction Udo Hahn Jena University Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab www.julielab.de ECML PKDD 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases Workshop on High-Level Information Extraction 15-19 September, Antwerp, Belgium
27
Embed
What s an Event ? How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics ...
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
What‘s an Event ?How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics Shape
Upcoming Challenges for Machine Learning Models of Event Extraction
Udo Hahn
Jena University Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Labwww.julielab.de
ECML PKDD 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesWorkshop on High-Level Information Extraction
Narrative Report:John Doe is a naturalized United States citizen from Iran. His immediate family (father, mother and two sisters) still live in Iran. … He has traveled to Gaza 6x w/in the last year.
John Doe: [category = person] citizenship = United States origin = Iran relative = father …
father: [category = person] residence = Iran
event = traveled arg0 = he (John Doe) arg1= Gaza frequency = 6 times duration = the last year
ACE TDTSemEval
3
Relational Knowledge Types
• Representation of Static Knowledge („invariable“ states, are there any ??? )
• Hand washing: A simple way to prevent infection• Hand washing is a simple habit that can help
keep you healthy. Learn about the benefits of good hand hygiene, as well as when to wash your hands and how to clean them properly.
• Hand washing is a simple habit — one that requires minimal training and no special equipment. Yet it's one of the best ways to avoid getting sick. This simple habit requires only soap and warm water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer — a cleanser that doesn't require water. Do you know the benefits of good hand hygiene and when and how to wash your hands properly?
6
Hand Washing Event (2/2)
• Proper hand-washing techniques• Good hand-washing techniques include washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-
based hand sanitizer. Antimicrobial wipes or towelettes are just as effective as soap and water in cleaning your hands but aren't as good as alcohol-based sanitizers.
• Antibacterial soaps have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, these soaps are no more effective at killing germs than are regular soap and water. Using these soaps may lead to the development of bacteria that are resistant to the products' antimicrobial agents — making it even harder to kill these germs in the future. In general, regular soap is fine. The combination of scrubbing your hands with soap — antibacterial or not — and rinsing them with water loosens and removes bacteria from your hands.
• Proper hand washing with soap and waterFollow these instructions for washing with soap and water:
• Wet your hands with warm, running water and apply liquid or clean bar soap. Lather well. • Rub your hands vigorously together for at least 15 seconds. • Scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your
fingernails. • Rinse well. • Dry your hands with a clean or disposable towel. • Use a towel to turn off the faucet. • Proper use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer
Alcohol-based hand sanitizers — which don't require water — are an excellent alternative to hand washing, particularly when soap and water aren't available. They're actually more effective than soap and water in killing bacteria and viruses that cause disease. Commercially prepared hand sanitizers contain ingredients that help prevent skin dryness. Using these products can result in less skin dryness and irritation than hand washing.
• Not all hand sanitizers are created equal, though. Some "waterless" hand sanitizers don't contain alcohol. Use only the alcohol-based products.
• To use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer:• Apply about 1/2 tsp of the product to the palm of your hand. • Rub your hands together, covering all surfaces of your hands, until they're dry. • If your hands are visibly dirty, however, wash with soap and water rather than a sanitizer.
What‘s Hand Washing?How Mayo Clinic Guidelines Shape Upcoming Challenges
for Machine Learning Models of Event Extraction
Udo Hahn
Jena University Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Labwww.julielab.de
ECML PKDD 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesWorkshop on High-Level Information Extraction
(IPM@ECML08)– ILP– Temporal logic-based learning (see also TimeML)
24
Clinical Events: Guidelines
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellencehttp://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG66T2DQRG.pdf
(for diabetis – type 2)
25
Clinical Events:Formalization of Guidelines
Y. Shavar, S. Miksch, P. JohnsonAI in Medicine, 1997
G. Duftschmidt, S. Miksch, W. GallAI in Medicine, 2002
26
Biological Events: Gene Regulation
Figure: Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Transcription (Expression). http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch331/bind/olbindtransciption.html
The process that modulates the frequency,
rate or extent of gene expression, where
gene expression is the process in which
the coding sequence of a gene is converted
into a gene product(s) (protein, RNA).
(Gene Ontology)
What‘s an Event ?How Ontologies and Linguistic Semantics Shape
Upcoming Challenges for Machine Learning Models of Event Extraction
Udo Hahn
Jena University Language and Information Engineering (JULIE) Labwww.julielab.de
ECML PKDD 2008 European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesWorkshop on High-Level Information Extraction