What molecules make up living things?

What molecules make up living things?

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

What is an organic molecule?

• Must contain the element _______• Found in living organisms

• Some organic molecules contain _________ and _________

• Some contain nitrogen (only_______)

What is an inorganic molecule?

• Any molecule that is not organic is _________

• Does not contain ________– Exception is ____ doesn’t contain H

LIVING THINGS CONTAIN BOTH ORGANIC

AND INORGANIC MOLECULES

4 Kinds of Organic Compounds

• __________• __________• __________• __________

THESE MOLECULES CAN ALSO BE CALLED ___________________

_____= BIG , MOLECULES= DIFFERENT

How do carbohydrates look?

• ____ shaped

• Contains C,H,O

Carbohydrate Scientific Name

• Monosaccharide is the monomer (building block) name

Mono=one monosaccharide(single carb) glucose• Monosaccharides can join together to form…

Di= two disaccharide (double sugar)

glucose+ glucose= maltose

glucose +fructose= sucrose

glucose+ galactose= lactose

Poly more than two (polysaccharide)

Examples of Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides – Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

• Dissacharides – sucrose, lactose, maltose

• Polysaccharides– Starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates- Biological Function and Features

• Main source of usable ______ for organisms• Used in the presence of oxygen to generate cellular energy

(ATP)= cellular respiration• Carbohydrates make up part of our cell membrane

(hydrophobic)• Sweet in flavor

– ______ is an important complex carbohydrate made from glucose

– _________ is a carbohydrate that make up plant cell walls raw veggies are crunchy because you are eating the cell wall

– We store carbohydrates in the liver in a form called GLYCOGEN

Carbohydrate Chain on Outside of cell membrane

How do living things obtain these carbohydrates?

• Food that they eat – Grains and plants

How are these molecules made and biochemically stored in organisms? Dehydration

Synthesis (Condensation)

How does condensation occur?

• One molecule of water is lost for every monosaccharide molecules that come together.

• Two molecules are then covalently bonded.

• Can continue to form long chains called polymers

How do organisms break large carbohydrates for usage?

• Hydrolysis

• Using water to split di- and poly-saccharides in order to form monosaccharides (glucose)

• The monosaccharides can then be used by cell to generate cell energy (ATP)

Hydrolysis

Animation

• http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

Lipids

• Also known as ____ or ____– Fat: solid at room temperature– Oil: liquid at room temp

Monomer building blocks of two parts: Glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Forming a lipid molecule

3 fatty acids molecules1 glycerol

Process used to form a lipid molecule

• ___________ (Dehydration Synthesis)

• 3 Water molecules are drawn out to form one lipid molecule

• Forms a triglyceride molecule

Lipid formation animation

• http://nutrition.jbpub.com/resources/animations.cfm?id=10&debug=0

One Lipid moleculeSHAPED LIKE A LETTER E

Biological Function

• Lipids chiefly function in ______ storage, protection, and ________ in living things

• A main component of cell membranes – Fats: found in animals– Oils: found in animals and plants.

Waxes: found in plants

solid at room temp.– ________: contain fat compounds ( biological

hormones, cholesterol)

Ways to Recognize a Lipid

• 3 Fatty acid chains• Shaped like a letter E• Large and long

molecule

Types of lipids (fats)

• Unsaturated lipid (fats): – the fatty acid component contains C bonded

to C using a double bond or a triple bond

Types of lipids (fats)

• Polyunsaturated Lipids

These lipids have more than one double or triple bond in their fatty acid tails

• Saturated lipids (fats): all carbon in the fatty acid chains are single bonded

What is a protein?

• _______ are organic molecules that play an important role in

• _____ and _____ of cells

• Can be used for _____

• Helps to keep a stable body temperature(_________)

• Growth and repair and support of muscle tissue, hair, skin, nails (ex. Keratin and collagen)

• Carry out genetic _______ from the nucleus (in ___)

• Helps to speed up biochemical reactions (_______)

• Fighting off infections (antibodies)

Composition of Proteins

• Monomer: _______ _____

• 3 Parts to an amino acid: Amino _____, __ side chain, _______ acid group

How do amino acids come together?

• ____________ ________ (condensation)

• Results in a _________ BOND

How do amino acids come together

How do amino acids form proteins? Condensation/ Dehydration Synthesis

• Forms a _______ ______ when amino acids combine

• 2 a.a. coming together= __PEPTIDE

• 3 or more a.a. coming together = ____PEPTIDE

• 50-3000 a.a. linked together considered a PROTEIN

Animation- Protein

• http://nhscience.lonestar.edu/biol/dehydrat/dehydrat.html

How can proteins change?

• http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/proteinstructure.html

What are nucleic acids?

• Compounds that contain ________ and _________ in addition to other organic elements C,O,H

• Found in ___________ material in the form of ____ or ____

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• Contains the genetic hereditary code that makes each of us different. Our genetic “blueprint”

What is RNA?

• RNA= _________ _____

• RNA is _______ stranded

• Controls genetic messages of the cell to form ________ for the cell.(takes place in ________)

Monomer for Nucleic Acids

• Arranged as repeating NUCLEOTIDES

RNA Picture