What makes a “good” teacher?
Dec 17, 2015
“For we have not even to risk the adventure alone, for the heroes of all time have gone before us...”
― Joseph Campbell
Archetype
ar·che·type (ärk-tp) n. 1. An original model or type after which other similar
things are patterned; a prototype: "'Frankenstein' . . . 'Dracula' . . . 'Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde' . . . the archetypes that have influenced all subsequent horror stories" (New York Times).
2. An ideal example of a type; quintessence: an archetype of the successful entrepreneur.
3. In Jungian psychology, an inherited pattern of thought or symbolic imagery derived from the past collective experience and present in the individual unconscious.
Background:
• Psychologist (A person trained and educated to perform psychological research, testing, and therapy) Carl Jung and scholar Joseph Campbell spread the idea of archetypes. They did not create the concept.
• There are repeating patters of character types, symbols, relationships, and situations in stories across time periods.
Background:• For example, each culture has a creation myth,
and history repeats itself.
• Archetypes are common character types, symbols and relationships that appear often in stories (new and old). Archetypes help us to understand the purpose/function of characters in a story.
Background:• Archetypes are like masks that the characters
wear at different points of the story.
• We will focus on 7: hero, mentor, herald, threshold guardian, shapeshifter, trickster, and shadow.
Hero
Qualities/Characteristics:• Selfless; self-sacrifice• Easily identified with; everyman• Seven different types
Types/Examples:• Willing: King Arthur, Hercules• Unwilling: Shrek• Cynical Anti-Hero: Gollum,
Gatsby, Captain Jack Sparrow• Tragic Anti-Hero: Hamlet• Group Oriented: William
Wallace• Lone Hero: Indiana Jones• Catalyst Hero: Superman
Mentor
Qualities/Characteristics:• Loyal friend, wise adviser,
teacher, guardian• Connected to all things; older• Acts as the hero’s conscience• May be what the hero could
become• 2 responsibilities: teaching and
gift giving
Types/Examples:• Dark mentor: opposite of heroic
values• Fallen mentor: has trouble w/
own heroic journey• Continuing mentor: recurring
characters in a series of stories• Multiple mentors: each teaches
a new skill to the hero• Comic mentor: advising sidekick• Shaman: aids the Hero in
seeking a guiding vision to help on the journey.
Herald/Harbinger
Qualities/Characteristics:• Gives a challenge or announces
the coming of change.• Can be a chance or planned
meeting with the hero.• Often represented by an animal• Compels the Hero to answer
the Call to Adventure*• Can be Hero’s inner knowledge
that change is needed or a feeling of restlessness
Types/Examples:• Negative: a Shadow or
Threshold Guardian (issuing a challenge or trying to trick the Hero)
• Positive: the mentor in disguise• Neutral: an Ally or Threshold
Guardian (Hero has found his/her own way to the 1st Threshold)
Threshold Guardian
Qualities/Characteristics:• A menacing face to the Hero,
but can be overcome or turn into an ally
• Not the villain, but a lesser thug or henchman hired to guard the chief’s headquarters
• Placed to test the Hero’s willingness and skill.
Types/Examples:• Not always characters• May represent obstacles (bad
weather, bad luck, prejudice, oppression)
• Can be the Hero’s internal demons (emotional scars, vices, dependencies, self-limitations)
• Fully evolved Hero can learn to feel compassion for his enemies rather than just destroy them.
Shapeshifter
Qualities/Characteristics:• Can be confused w/ Trickster• Main job = lure the Hero to
his/her doom or reward.• In some stories the hero has to
figure out which side he or she is dealing with
• Often begins life as a Threshold Guardian.
Types/Examples:• Changes form• Often the Hero’s love interest
whom the Hero doesn’t understand
• Sincerity and loyalty is called into question
• Characters out for blood who may try to murder the Hero
• Ally or enemy label revealed at the end of story
Trickster/Fool
Qualities/Characteristics:• Differs from Shapeshifter in that
it is the comic aspect of story• Often begins life as a Threshold
Guardian.
Types/Examples:• Personification of world’s chaos
w/ no purpose• May or may not work with the
Hero or Shadow• May have own skewed agenda
Shadow
Qualities/Characteristics:• Represents the energy of the
dark side, the unexpressed, unrealized, or rejected aspects of something
• In direct conflict with the Hero whose goal it is to destroy
Types/Examples:• External shadows (Villains) must
be destroyed• Internal shadows must be
acknowledged• Mirror and personify the traits the
Hero refuses to acknowledge are within himself/herself
• A Mentor may act as a Shadow to teach the Hero a lesson
• Any character can be a shadow, but only the character whose motivations are in direct conflict with the Hero’s is the Villain
Let’s use a movie example: Finding Nemo
• Herald: Nemo starting school• Nemo First day of school - YouTube
Let’s use a movie example: Finding Nemo
• Threshold Guardian:
Let’s use a movie example: Finding Nemo
• Threshold Guardian: Bruce, Anchor, & Chum (sharks) among other obstacles.
Let’s use a movie example: Finding Nemo
• Hero: Marlin• Mentor: Crush (sea turtle)• Herald: Nemo starting school• Threshold Guardian: Bruce, Anchor, & Chum
(sharks)• Shapeshifter: Ocean (?)• Trickster: Dory• Shadow: separation from son; dentist, scuba-diver
• Go to Day 2 PP