What is up Today Do now Summarize the main events from the Russian Revolution. 75 words Bolshevik Lecture and Notes Vocabulary, Revolution Timeline, Interact.

What is up Today

• Do now• Summarize the

main events from the Russian Revolution.

75 words

• Bolshevik Lecture and Notes

• Vocabulary, Revolution Timeline, Interact with History and Book work sheet are all due.

Do Not Shout out your answer!

Please write it in your Notebook.

In 1917, a train travels from Switzerland, guarded heavily—armored, shuttered, guarded by soldiers with orders to shoot to kill anyone who approached the train too closely. The train will make its way through Germany. Its eventual destination is Tsarist Russia. It carries a weapon that Germany hopes will knock the Russians out of World War One.What is it?

Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Lenin was isolated in Switzerland during the beginning of World War I.

A Swiss Communist convinced the German government to send Lenin safely to Russia on a sealed train.

The German government hoped that Lenin would provoke political unrest in his homeland, forcing Russia to surrender to the Germans, which would allow Germany to pull troops away from the Eastern Front to focus on the war in the Western Front.

ANARCHY

When there is no government and people are completely free, we have anarchy.

Because people want some safety and protection in their lives, they agree to be governed in exchange for order (rules that keep criminals in line).

Tyranny

Those in power begin to abuse that power and cause pain and suffering for the people.

The people can either take it, leave or revolt.

Those who seek freedom from tyranny plot to remove it. If their revolution fails, the pain and hardship is sure to worsen. If it succeeds, the result is often no better – and sometimes actually worse than the tyranny.

Revolution

No one is in control and the people who started the revolution can’t decide what to do. Groups begin to compete for power.

This can be quick or last for years and bring a lot of violence and poverty.

Factions(competing

groups)

The Second Congo War or African World War. 5.4 million dead.

For most of human history, people have been forced to choose between tyranny and anarchy. But is it possible to balance freedom and government?

People do not make revolutions eagerly any more than they do war. There is this difference, however, that in war compulsion plays the

decisive role, in revolution there is no compulsion except that of circumstances.

---Trotsky, The History of the Russian Revolution

Do you think the people of Russia supported the revolution because of ideology (political way of thinking) or circumstance (things that affect daily life: food, jobs, etc.)?

Would you ever support a revolution?

Did the Russian Revolution answer the human predicament?

Bloody Sunday – January 22, 1905

Workers strike, peaceful march to Winter Palace in

Petrograd/St. Petersburg with list of grievances

Soldiers guarding palace fire into crowd

Czar Nicholas is not at the palace at the time but is blamed for

the loss of life, loss of authority with people

Entrance into WWI – Aug. 1, 1914

Nicholas attempted peace with “Nicky-Willy Letters”

War begins, despite some wins, massive losses in War

Nicholas thought his presence would boost moral and went to

command troops after loss of Poland.

Left government in hands of Alexandra.

GossipPeople did not trust Alexandra because she was German

Alexandra believed Rasputin had healing powers

Rumors of a romance between the two filled newspapers

Duma constantly calling for political reforms

Name an event from the reign of Tsar Nicholas and

explain how it weakened his ability to rule.

February Revolution — Cast of Characters

WWIBolshevik Agitators

High Price and Lack of Food Striking Workers

WWI Devastating for Russian EconomyFood in short supply

By Jan. 1917, prices increased by six times

Workers Demonstrate in StreetsDemanded Food, Higher Wages

Fueled by Bolshevik AgitatorsNicholas Orders Troops to Suppress Disorder

Some troops fire on demonstrators, others join demonstration

Duma suggests Tsar abdicate to more popular royal

No one wants throne

On March 1, 1917, Nicholas abdicates throne to a Provisional

Government

During the early morning hours of July 17, 1918, the Tsar, his wife, children and servants and dog were herded into the cellar of their prison house and executed.

What happened when Nicholas tried to suppress the workers’

uprising with military force during the February Revolution?

Provisional GovernmentOn July 8, 1917, Kerensky becomes head of Provisional Gov.

Refused to end war

Tried to begin new offensive

Soldiers began to desert

By fall of 1917, estimated 2 million men had unofficially left the

army

Kerensky Cracks Down on BolsheviksCalls for arrest of leaders like Lenin

Military Generals plan coup, Bolsheviks help fend off coup

Kerensky orders destruction of Bolshevik news paper, cuts off

telephone to headquarters

Lenin and Trotsky Urge Action “Bread, Peace, Land”

Take the land from the landowners and the factories from the factory owners.

Who should seize power?

“At present this is not important. Let the Military Revolutionary Committee

seize it, or "some other institution" which declares that it will relinquish the

power only to the real representatives of the interests of the people, the

interests of the Army (immediate offer of peace), the interests of the peasants

(take the land immediately, abolish private property), the interests of the

hungry.”

Vladimir Lenin, October 24, 1917

On October 11, 1917, orders given for Bolsheviks to occupy

railway stations, telephone exchange and state bank

The next day, the Red Guard surrounded White Palace, most of

the political cabinet inside.

Bolsheviks fired on the palace, no damage, but convinced those

inside to surrender

Gov. surrendered to Soviet Council of People’s Commissars

Lenin elected chairman

Peace Treaty with Germany and Russia leaves WWI

In Lenin’s motto, “Bread, Land, Peace,” what did he want to happen with the

land?

Lenin’s Economic PlanCivil War

Over two years between Soviet Council of People’s Commissars

(changed name to Communist Party) Red Guard and White

Army loyal to former government

Brutality on both sides, high cost of food

Communists alienate people with dictator-like methods

Rebellion by previously loyal naval forces

Small Concessions to End Civil WarTo make supply and production more regular by some

reintroduction of free market system.

Stalin’s Rise to Power

Joseph Stalin

Lenin’s DeathStalin already member of Central Committee

Lenin did not like Stalin’s style and wanted him removed as General

Secretary; Lenin died before any action could be taken

Ouster of TrotskyTrotsky favored to take over for Lenin

Stalin allied with three others to force Trotsky out

By late 1920s, Stalin was the effective dictator of the Soviet Union

Killed people he considered “enemies of the people”

Great Terror of 1930s, execution of thousands, exile of millions to

gulag slave labor camps

Stalin was one of our allies during WWII

How did Stalin rise to power instead of Leon Trotsky?

Stalin and Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union

“One of the Most Successful Dictatorships in the World.”

• From 1927 until his death in 1953, Joseph Stalin became the Soviet Union’s most powerful and most feared leader.

• During his rule he introduced a series of policies which helped make the USSR the second most powerful country in the world (at the time).

• Stalin’s rule went beyond simple dictatorship. His style of rule over the Soviet people was called TOTALITARIANISM.

Total Control Over All Aspects of Peoples’ Lives = Totalitarianism

7 Characteristics of Totalitarianism

1. The people must follow the leaders beliefs without question.

2. No political opposition is allowed (one party rule).

3. Propaganda is used to get the peoples’ support.

4. The appearance of democracy is cultivated.

5. Secret police use terror to control people.

6. Economy is controlled by the government.

7. A strong military protects the dictator and carries out his/her goals.

1. Follow My Lead … My Ideas … Or Else …

• During his reign over the Soviet Union, Stalin’s word was law.

• He decided how the people should live, what they should think, and what they should believe.

• The people had to accept his ideals completely, believe in them like a faith, and live by them without exception.

“Long Live the Great Stalin!”

2. One Party Rule• Stalin allowed only THE

COMMUNIST PARTY to exist and function in the Soviet Union.

• No one else was allowed to challenge the Communists or Stalin as the absolute ruler of the USSR.

• The Communist Party existed to serve Stalin’s needs, not those of the Soviet people. He quickly turned the Party into a mechanism for controlling the people.

3. Use of Propaganda • Every form of

communication is used to secure the peoples’ support for the ideas of the dictator.

• Schools, literature, the arts, mass media, parades, military demonstration, speeches, and so on taught that Stalin’s ideas were the only ones to believe.

• History was often “rewritten” to reflect Stalin’s goals.

Examples of Propaganda … Posters

“We Do Like Stachanov!”

Lenin Lived, Lenin is Alive, Lenin Will Live

“We will reign a generation selflessly loyal to Communism”

More Posters

“Study the Great Party’s Way of Lenin and Stalin”

Glory to the Worker and Peasant Red Army – Guardian of Soviet Borders

Briskly, full speed ahead. Complete 5 year commitments in 4 years.

Propaganda in Sculpture

Vasily Yezkov Destroyed 12 German Tanks before being killed. He was made a Hero of the Soviet Union in 1944.

Propaganda in Song … National Anthems

The Hymn of the Soviet Union

Unbreakable Union of freeborn Republics, Great Russia has welded forever to stand. Created in struggle by will of the people, United and mighty, our Soviet land!

Sing to the Motherland, home of the free, Bulwark of peoples in brotherhood strong. O Party of Lenin, the strength of the people, To Communism's triumph lead us on!

Through tempests the sunrays of freedom have cheered us,Along the new path where great Lenin did lead. To a righteous cause he raised up the peoples, Inspired them to labor and valorous deed. [Or, the old way: Be true to the people, thus Stalin has reared us, Inspire us to labor and valorous deed!] Sing to the Motherland, home of the free, Bulwark of peoples in brotherhood strong.

the strength of the people,

To Communism's triumph lead us on!

In the vict'ry of Communism's deathless ideal,

We see the future of our dear land. And to her fluttering scarlet banner,

O Party of Lenin,

Selflessly true we always shall stand!

History 

• The hymn was presented for the first time in January 1st 1944

• It was oficially adopted as a national hymn of the USSR in March 15th 1944.

• Music was composed by A. V. Aleksandrov (1883 - 1946)

• Lyrics were written by Sergey Vladimirovich Mikhalkov ( born 1913. He is also known as a writer especially for stories for children and as father of the famous film maker Nikita Mikhalkov) and G.G. El-Registan

• Lyrics were revised in 1977. J.V. Stalin's name was removed.

• After collapse of the USSR Russia adopted a new National Anthem without any lyrics. It never gained any popularity.

4. The Dictator Attempts to Show that his Government is Democratic

• Under Stalin the Soviet Union had the appearance of being a democracy.

• It had a constitution outlining the peoples’ rights, courts of law, and an “elected” government.

• Stalin encouraged people to vote but since there was often only one candidate on the ballot and no political opposition was allowed, it makes sense why Stalin could claim that 99% of the votes always went to the Communists!

For the Motherland, For Stalin, For Communism, For World Peace!

5. The Secret Police Use Terror to Control the People

• Stalin’s secret police worked quietly – people who disagreed with him (or who he considered a threat) were arrested in the middle of the night, tortured, found guilty, and sent to Siberia, prison, or put to death.

“Iron” Felix Dzerzhinsky

The first leader of the Cheka or Soviet Secret

Police KGB!!!!

The Gulags

6. The Economy is Controlled and Owned by the State

• Stalin controlled all parts of the economy.

• He wanted to achieve the goal of establishing a strong foundation for Communism in the USSR.

• People could not own land or any other property as an individual.

• The state/government owned everything and you had to work for them.

• All decisions about the economy were centrally controlled from Moscow.

We’ll give for the building of Socialism in 1931 … 8 million tons of Raw Iron

Stalin’s Five Year Plans For the Economy

7. A Strong Military Exists to Protect the Dictator and to Carry Out Their Goals

• Stalin increased the power of the military to defend the USSR from foreign invaders.

• He was interested in expanding Communism to other parts of the world and did so in Eastern Europe.

• He used the military to carry out his imperialistic goals.

• Stalin increased the power of the military to defend the USSR from foreign invaders.

• He was interested in expanding Communism to other parts of the world and did so in Eastern Europe.

• He used the military to carry out his imperialistic goals.