What Is Statistics

Importance of StatisticsImportance of StatisticsImportance of StatisticsImportance of Statistics Page 1

What is statistics?

Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing,

summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions.

There are two main branches of statistics

1. Descriptive Statistics – the organization and description of the characteristics of a collection of

data.

Example: Mean, Median, Mode

2. Inferential Statistics – the use of descriptive statistics to make educated guesses about

something

The basic fallacies of inferential statistics:

� They assume that the past is prologue to the future

� They assume you are going to test your inference an

infinite amount of times.

How Statistics Work?

Statistics starts with a question, not with data/information

Every time we use statistic to find the solution for a question.

Statistics are what decision makers can use to reduce ambiguity by qualifying it.

“Not enough to know

Just enough for a better guess

Statistics are born”

All Statistics are based on data

Data are what we hear, see, smell, taste, touch, etc.

Data requires measuring

Good measurement gives good data

Good data give better answers than bad data

But all data will give you an answer

Statistics are designed to transform data into information

Make decisions using that information.

Statistics are about and used to measure/assess risk of the decision.

Importance of StatisticsImportance of StatisticsImportance of StatisticsImportance of Statistics

Areas we use statistics

Business and Industry

Statistics to Start or start a Business

Whether you are writing a business plan, feasibility study, advertising and marketing

campaign, or even still deciding on what kind of business to start, start by looking at what is

already happening in the field or industry you are interested in.

Business trends and statistics can give you a quick, overall glance at the viability of an

industry, and how well people

formulas for success, but they can give you important clues about how others are

or failing.

The statistics can be useful in helping you come up with new business ideas, in developing

strategies and marketing campaigns

Business and Industry

Health and Medicine

Learning

Research

Social Statistics

Natural Resources

we use statistics

a Business



already happening in the field or industry you are interested in.

s trends and statistics can give you a quick, overall glance at the viability of an

people are already doing in that industry. Statistics are not magic

formulas for success, but they can give you important clues about how others are


strategies and marketing campaigns.

usiness and Industry

Health and Medicine

Learning

Research

Social Statistics

Natural Resources

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s trends and statistics can give you a quick, overall glance at the viability of an

are already doing in that industry. Statistics are not magic

formulas for success, but they can give you important clues about how others are succeeding -



Statistics to manufacturing

In this process we use statistic to understand the number of products we have to produce and

what are the new strategies we have to apply in future. It also gives an overview of the market.

Statistics to marketing

In marketing we use statistic in many ways

Banking The money you have in your business bank account can often provoke actions that are

regretted at a later time.

For example, if you have a healthy balance, you may decide to splash out on a

purchase or investment that will in time, leave your account dangerously low: when money comes in, it is not

unusual for all common sense to go out of the window…a bit extreme you may think!

Statistics to Engineering

Engineers apply physical and chemical laws and mathematics to design, develop, test, and

supervise various products and services.

Engineers perform tests to learn how things behave under stress, and at what point they might

fail.

As engineers perform experiments, they collect data that can be used to explain relationships

better and to reveal information about the quality of products and services they provide.

Statistical Computing

Computing is the interface between statistics, computer science and numerical analysis. It is the area of

computational science specific to the mathematical science of statistics.

The terms computational statistics and statistical computing are often used interchangeably, although

Carlo Lauro (a former president of the International Association for Statistical Computing) proposed

making a distinction, defining statistical computing as "the application of computer science to statistics",

and computational statistics as "aiming at the design of algorithm for implementing statistical methods

on computers, including the ones unthinkable before the computer age

Importance of StatisticsImportance of StatisticsImportance of StatisticsImportance of Statistics

Health and Medicine

Medical statistics deals with applications of

including epidemiology, public health

Find data on indicators of the nation's health, such

smoking drinking and drug use, and abortion statistics.

Statistics is an important tool in pharmacological research that is used

to summarize (descriptive statistics) experimental data in terms of central

tendency (mean or median) and variance (standard deviation, standard error of

the mean, confidence interval or range) but more importantly it enables us to

conduct hypothesis testing. This is of particular importance when attempting to

determine whether the pharmaco

implications for drug development and getting that next paper published in a respectable journal!

Therefore, it is essential for pharmacologists to have an understanding of the uses and ab

statistics.

Learning

Statistic for teachers

The techniques of statistics can prove to be valuable tools for teachers of

to interpret statistics is advantageous to analyze lab results, book and journal articles, and as

approaching problem-solving scientifically. Statistics will allow you to critically evaluate your students,

your teaching, and the results of educational research.

Statistics are unique in two ways:

1. They best analyze groups

descriptive of the group, or aggregation itself rather than with properties of particular

members"(Ferguson, 6).

2. They allow one to compare

the productivity of athletes. The performance of a hockey goalie can be compared to that of a

soccer goalie by using information such as shots taken vs. shots saved.

These statistics can be related even though hockey and soccer are

different sports.

Statistics for other fields

Most of the fields in the world related to learning we use statistic.

Especially in education field we use statistics to identify problems and manage

how it should be change.

Subjects like science we

ical statistics deals with applications of biostatistics to medicine and the

public health, forensic medicine, and clinical research.

Find data on indicators of the nation's health, such as health inequalities, morbidity rates,

smoking drinking and drug use, and abortion statistics.

Statistics is an important tool in pharmacological research that is used

to summarize (descriptive statistics) experimental data in terms of central

mean or median) and variance (standard deviation, standard error of

the mean, confidence interval or range) but more importantly it enables us to

conduct hypothesis testing. This is of particular importance when attempting to

determine whether the pharmacological effect of one drug is superior to another which clearly has


Therefore, it is essential for pharmacologists to have an understanding of the uses and ab

The techniques of statistics can prove to be valuable tools for teachers of

to interpret statistics is advantageous to analyze lab results, book and journal articles, and as

solving scientifically. Statistics will allow you to critically evaluate your students,

your teaching, and the results of educational research.

Statistics are unique in two ways:

groups or populations. "Thestatisticians' concern is with properties which are


members"(Ferguson, 6).

They allow one to compare unrelated material. For example, statistics are useful in comparing


using information such as shots taken vs. shots saved.

These statistics can be related even though hockey and soccer are very

Most of the fields in the world related to learning we use statistic.

Especially in education field we use statistics to identify problems and manage

Subjects like science we usually use statistics to do practical and make decisions.

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and the health sciences,

as health inequalities, morbidity rates,

logical effect of one drug is superior to another which clearly has


Therefore, it is essential for pharmacologists to have an understanding of the uses and abuses of

The techniques of statistics can prove to be valuable tools for teachers of all subjects. The ability

to interpret statistics is advantageous to analyze lab results, book and journal articles, and as an aid in

solving scientifically. Statistics will allow you to critically evaluate your students,

or populations. "Thestatisticians' concern is with properties which are


are useful in comparing


usually use statistics to do practical and make decisions.


Research

The word researches are depending in statistics, when we found any data from research we

analyze and make decisions using statics. These are the examples for government researches.

Research and Development: DOE Could Enhance the Project Selection Process for

Government Oil and Natural Gas Research. GAO-09-186 December 29, 2008 Although competitive oil and natural gas markets generally provide

incentives for companies to invest...

Ontario government supporting alternative energy research. The government of Ontario has invested approximately $5 million to support research in the cleantech

sector.

Bureau of Government Research wants 'realistic' development strategy In a report released today to City Business, the Bureau of Government Research called for New Orleans

to implement...

Dialog Offers Government Research Reports Dialog announced that it will be offering a collection of more than 400,000 government-sponsored

research reports distributed by...

Bureau of Government Research rips New Orleans City Council for handing out no-bid

contract At a time when resources are scarce, the Bureau of Government Research today

issued its latest report taking...

A broader vision for government research In recent years, the question of "balance" has been a hot topic in science policy circles.

All these researches are useful to get decisions for future of the country

Statistical surveys

Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items in a population.

Surveys of human populations and institutions are common in political polling and government, health,

social science and marketing research. A survey may focus on opinions or factual information depending

on its purpose, and many surveys involve administering questions to individuals. When the questions

are administered by a researcher, the survey is called a structured interview or a researcher

administered survey. When the questions are administered by the respondent, the

survey is referred to as a questionnaire or a self- administered

survey.


Social Statistics

Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement systems to study human behavior in a

social environment. This can be accomplished through polling a particular group of people, evaluating a

particular subset of data obtained about a group of people, or by observation and statistical analysis of a

set of data that relates to people and their behaviors.

Often, social scientists are employed in the evaluation of the quality of services of a particular

group or organization, in analyzing behaviors of groups of people in their environment and special

situations, or even in determining the wants or needs of people through statistical sampling.

We use statistic in so many things in social environment. To fond Social indicators we use

statistics. From these Social indicators, we can understand about the society. These are the main ponts

we can get from Social indicators

Child-bearing, Child and elderly populations , Population

� health, nutrition and educational level in country.

� to identify the strength of working people.

� to planning the future

Housing , Human settlements

� identify problems in housing planning.

� to settle the problems in slums.

Education, Literacy

� study about the currant education system in country.

� develop the subject planning

� future employment planning.

Health

� to provide health facilities.

Income and economic activity , Unemployment

� to understand about savings and investment.

� introduce future investing systems


Natural Resources

Statistics are used in the scientific study of agriculture as a tool to determine if the differences in

variables are real or due to chance. This translates to the farmer to let him know with confidence which

varieties are better than other varieties or which fertilizer treatments will give better yields than others.

In many countries in agriculture they use so many statistical researches to do their agriculture

successfully. These are some of projects that some countries are managed.

The Pennsylvania Office of the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS-PA)

is a joint federal/state office of USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) and

the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA). The office is funded and staffed by both federal and

state resources. This cooperative arrangement is much more efficient than operating separate and

duplicate federal and state agencies to measure Pennsylvania agriculture. The mission is to provide

timely, accurate and useful statistics in service to Pennsylvania and U.S. agriculture.

USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS)

is a network of 46 field offices (including the Harrisburg office), serving all 50 states and

Puerto Rico through cooperative agreements with state departments of agriculture or universities.

These field offices regularly survey thousands of farm operators, ranchers, and agribusinesses who

voluntarily provide information on a confidential basis. Consolidating these reports with field

observations, objective yield measurements, and other data, statisticians then produce state statistics.

These statistics are forwarded to NASS headquarters in Washington, D.C., where they are combined and

released to the public.

Agricultural Water Use Survey (AWUS)

Description

The Agricultural Water Use Survey is conducted to gather information on water use, irrigation

methods and practices, and sources and quality of water used for agricultural purposes on Canadian

farms.

This survey is part of the Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) initiative and is

also the result of a collaboration between Statistics Canada, Health Canada, and Environment Canada.

The data collected will be used in CESI's reporting activities. The information will also be used by

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to inform water use policy and development of programs for

Canadian irrigators. Statistics Canada will also use the survey results to improve the modelling of

irrigation volumes by type of crops and as part of the water accounts.

Statistical activity

The goal of the Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators (CESI) is to provide Canadians

with more regular and reliable information on the state of their environment and how it is linked with

human activities. Environment Canada, Statistics Canada and Health Canada are working together to

develop and communicate these indicators. Reflecting the joint responsibility for environmental

management in Canada, this effort has benefited from the co-operation and input of the provinces and

territories.


The place statistics hold in Sri Lanka

As all other countries, Sri Lanka uses statistics for all kind of decision making process. As a developing

world country we hold more risk than developed countries. In Sri Lanka there are few governmental

departments.

Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka

Department of Statistics and Computer Science

Department of Statistics and Computer Science have been dedicated to the highest standards of

education, research and community outreach since its establishment in 1996.

Other than these departments most of the Universities in Sri Lanka have statistics Departments.

Department of Statistics - University of Colombo.

Department of Mathematics and Statistics - University of Jaffna.

University of Kelaniya - Department of Statistics & Computing.

Department of Economics & Statistics, University of Peradeniya.


References

Web sites

http://www.pcworld.com

www.pcmall.com

http://www.scs.pdn.ac.lk

http://www.cmb.ac.lk

http://www.statistics.gov.lk

http://www.statistics.com

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://onlinestatbook.com

http://www.blurtit.com

Other

Downloaded presentations from internet.

Downloaded pdf references from internet.

Grade 9,10,11 S social Studies books.

What Is Statistics

Education

statistics business

abortion statistics

statistics work

use of descriptive statistics

terms computational

medicine medical statistics

abuses ofab statistics

main branches of statistics