what is reserch- Buddhabhushan dongre( Researcher)

By- Buddhabhushan dongre

Meaning of Research An organized, systematic, data-based, critical, scientific

inquiry or investigation into a specific problem, undertaken with the objective of finding answers or solutions to it.

Must have a purpose

Undertaken to understand various phenomena

To solve specific problem

Research Objectives

Definition: declarative statements that

focus on the identification and the

description of variables or concepts and sometimes on determination of

relationships of variables

The objectives of this study were to:(a)describe the self-reported physicaland mental health, disability level, andsocial support of persons chronically illwith multiple sclerosis; and (b)contrastrural and urban residents in relation tohealth description, social support, andperception of health.

The purpose of research is to discover answers to questions through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet. Though each research study has its own specific purpose, we may think of research objectives as falling into a number of following broad groupings:

1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies);

2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group.

3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else (studies with this object in view are known as diagnostic research studies);

4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables (such studies are known as hypothesis-testing research studies.

Characteristics of research

Empirical - based on observations and experimentation on theories.

Systematic - follows orderly and sequential procedure. Controlled - all variables except those that are

tested/experimented upon are kept constant. Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process Analytical - There is critical analysis of all data used so that

there is no error in their interpretation Objective, Unbiased, & Logical - all findings are logically based on empirical Employs quantitative or statistical methods - data are transformed into numerical measures and are treated statistically

Original work

Done by an expert - the researcher uses valid and carefully designed procedures, valid data gathering

Must be patient and unhurried activity - to ensure accuracy

Require effort-making capacity

Requires courage

Has logical roots that help to establish facts or principles

Answers all type of questions

types of research? 1. Pure research

a. Also called as the fundamental or the theoretical research.

b. Is basic and original.

c. Can lead to the discovery of a new theory.

d. Can result in the development or refinement of a theory that already exists.

e. Helps in getting knowledge without thinking formally of implementing it in practice based on the honesty, love and integrity of the researcher for discovering the truth.

2. Applied research a. Based on the concept of the pure research.

b. Is problem oriented.

c. Helps in finding results or solutions for real life problems.

d. Provides evidence of usefulness to society.

e. Helps in testing empirical content of a theory.

f. Utilizes and helps in developing the techniques that can be used for basic research.

g. Helps in testing the validity of a theory but under some conditions.

h. Provides data that can lead to the acceleration of the process of generalization.

3. Exploratory research a. Involves exploring a general aspect.

b. Includes studying of a problem, about which nothing or a very little is known.

c. Follows a very formal approach of research.

d. Helps in exploring new ideas.

e. Helps in gathering information to study a specific problem very minutely.

f. Helps in knowing the feasibility in attempting a study.

4. Descriptive research

a. Simplest form of research.

b. More specific in nature and working than exploratory research.

c. It involves a mutual effort.

d. Helps in identifying various features of a problem.

e. Restricted to the problems that are describable and not arguable and the problems in which valid standards can be developed for standards.

f. Existing theories can be easily put under test by empirical observations.

g. Underlines factors that may lead to experimental research.

h. It consumes a lot of time.

i. It is not directed by hypothesis.

5. Diagnostic study a. Quite similar to the descriptive research.

b. Identifies the causes of the problems and then solutions for these problems.

c. Related to causal relations.

d. It is directed by hypothesis.

e. Can be done only where knowledge is advanced.

6. Evaluation study a. Form of applied research.

b. Studies the development project.

c. Gives access to social or economical programmes.

d. Studies the quality and also the quantity of an activity.

7. Action research a. Type of evaluation study.

b. Is a concurrent evaluation study.

LITERATURE SURVEY After defining a problem, the researcher has to do

literature surv ey connected with the problem.

Literature survey is a collection of research publications , books and other documents related to the defined problem

. It is very essential to know whether the defined problem has already been solved, status of the problem, techniques that are useful to investigate the problem and other related details. One can survey

(1) the journals which publish abstracts of papers published in various journals,

(2) review articles related to the topic chose

(3) journals which publish research articles,

(4) advanced level books on the chosen topic,

(5) proceedings of conferences, workshops, etc.,

(6) reprint/preprint collections available with the supervisor and ne

arby experts working

on the topic chosen and

(7) Internet.

Writing a literature review is a creative activity

“An imaginative approach to searching and reviewing the literature includes having a broad view of the topic; being open to new ideas, methods, and arguments; ‘playing’ with different ideas to see whether you can make new linkages; and following ideas to see where they might lead.” – Bloomberg and Volpe, 2008

REFERENCES Bloomberg, L.D. and M. Volpe (2008). Completing

your Qualitative Dissertation: A Roadmap from Beginning to End. Los Angeles: Sage

Machi, L.E. and B.T. McEvoy ( 2009). The Literature Review: Six Steps to Success. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Sage.