What is next in wireless IoT? - ibewe.com · What is next in wireless IoT ... 37 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 38 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ... Sensor Networks Home

Technology Week 2017November 15 | Taipei

November 16 | Hsin-Chu

What is next in wireless IoT?

Joerg Koepp

Market Segment Manager IoT

Rohde & Schwarz

Technology week | Taiwan | November 2017 2

Everything that will be benefit

from being connected

will be connected Ericsson, 2010

““

1.5 Bn Cellular

(2G/3G/4G/5G)

0.6 Bn Non-cellular

(Sigfox, LoRa, etc.)

16 Bn PAN/LAN

(Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ..)

Continuous growth of IoT connections (CAGR of 21%)

30% CAGR in wide-area connections due to new use cases

Technology week | Taiwan | November 2017

18.1

2016

2022

5.6BillionBillion

Source: Ericssion Mobility Report 2016

3

Technologies for diverse IoT application,

but no single technology for every use case

Data Rate

4Technology week | Taiwan | November 2017

Smart Cities Smart Homes

Wearables Automotive

Ran

geCellular

(2G/3G/4G/5G)

NFC

ZigBee

Thread

Z-Wave

WI-SUN

802.11 ahWi-Fi

802.11 a/b/g/n

(802.11ac/ax)

Sigfox

LoRa

Weightless

NB-IoT

eMTC

ANT+

Bluetooth

The year 2018, the year of the wireless IoT?


Will Wi-Fi get more from

• Can Bluetooth 5 shake the smart home

& smart building market?

• Will Wi-Fi get more from the IoT cake?

• What is next with Sigfox and LoRa?

• NB-IoT/LTE-M today,

but what about the future?

5


King Hagal Bjarkan (Bluetooth)

Dr. Haartsen who worked with a team of Ericsson

engineers to bring Bluetooth to the market was

named by the Eureopean Patent Office as the

"father of Bluetooth".

The idea for the Bluetooth name came from Jim Kardach of Intel, who was reading a historical novel

about Vikings and King Harald Blåtand at the time. (Courtesy: Intel Free Press)

Some Bluetooth History

Shipment of more than 5 Billion Bluetooth devices in 2021

Growth Areas: Smart Home/Buildings, Smart Lighting, ….


2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

1 M

2 M

3 M

4 M

5 M Industrial

Wearables/Healthcare

Automotive

Smart/Connected Home

Networking

Mobile Devices

Mobile Phones & Acc.

PC & Perihperals

Source: ABI Research

7

Range4x range to cover a

smart home or office

Speed100% improvement

for low latency apps

BroadcastExtended capabilities

of advertising channel

Meshbuilding mesh by

using relay nodes

07/17

12/16

12/16

12/16

GatewayConnecting devices

directly to the cloud

02/16

Bluetooth SIG tries to address the IoT market

with dedicated features


5.0

5.0

5.0

8

LE 1M (uncoded):

Bluetooth 5: Doubling speed while still maintaining

low-power consumption


Preamble8 bits

Access Address32 bits

PDU16-2056 bits

CRC24 bits

Preamble16 bits


PDU16-2056 bits

CRC24 bits

Symbol rate to 2 Msym/s | Data rate: <2MbpsSymbol rate: 1Msym/s | Data rate <1Mbps

GFSK Modulation

BT:0.5 | Modulation Index: 0.45 …0.55

GFSK Modulation

BT:0.5 | Modulatation Index: 0.45 …0.55

Nominal f = 500 kHz

fMIN > 370 kHzNominal f = 250 kHz

fMIN > 185 kHz

fC

fC+f

fC-f

timefMIN+

fMIN-fC

fC+f

fC-f

timefMIN+

fMIN-

fC

-20 dBm

-40 dBm

-60 dBm

fC

-20 dBm

-40 dBm

-60 dBm

Transmit Spectrum mask Transmit spectrum mask

NEW: LE 2M (uncoded):

9

Bluetooth 5: Quadrupling range

FEC and Pattern mapping to introduce „data redundancy“


Preamble80 bits

CI2 b

Term13 bits

Term23 bits

Preamble8 bits


PDU16-2056 bits

CRC24 bits

Preamble80 symbols

Access Address256 symbols

CI16 s

Term124 s

PDU32-4 112 symbols

CRC48 symbols

Term26 s

FEC Encoder non-systematic, non-recursive rate ½ , constraint length K=4

Pattern Mapper1 4

Pattern MapperS=2: 1 1 | S=8: 1 4

Preamble80 symbols

Access Address256 symbols

CI16 s

Term124 s

PDU128-16 448 symbols

CRC192 symbols

Term224 s


PDU16-2056 bits

CRC24 bits

LE 1M packet <1Mbps

Rec. Sen.: -70 dBm

LE coded packet

S2 coded < 500kbpsRec. Sen.: -75 dBm

S8 coded < 125 kbpsRec. Sen.: -82 dBm

462…4 542 µs

720…17 040 µs

44…2 120 µs

10

+ + +

+ CI: Coding indicator

+ Term1/2: FEC block termination

FCC 2FCC 1

+

Bluetooth 5: 8 times broadcast capacity

Using channels 0..36 as secondary advertising channels


37 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 38 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 39

Primary Advertising

Secondary Advertising

Data Channels

Primary advertising channels are used for all advertising broadcasts

use either the LE 1M or LE Coded PHY; packets can vary in length from 6 to 37 octets.

Secondary advertising channels are introduced to offload data

use any LE 1M, LE 2M or LE coded PHY; packets can vary in length 0 to 255 octets

11

Bluetooth LE Mesh suited for large-scale device networks


R

F

P

RELAY: Ability to receive & retransmit mesh messages over the advertising bearer

PROXY: Ability to receive & retransmit mesh messages between GATT and advertising bearers

Friend: Ability to help LOW POWER nodes by storing messages destined for those nodes

LOW POWER: Ability to operate at significantly reduced receiverduty cycles in conjunction with FRIEND node

Support of building automation (lightening), sensor networks, asset tracking and

other solutions where multiple devices need to communicate reliably and securely

Everyone and Everthing connected wirelessly – a success story


63%60% in 2016

of total mobile data traffic

will be offloaded through

Wi-Fi or femtocell in 2021.

of Wi-Fi homespots

from 85.1 million in 2016

to 526.2 million by 2021. grow

6fold

50% of all IP traffic in 2021,

will be Wi-Fi, 30% will be

wired, and 20% will be mobile. 42% in 2016

Source: Cisco VNI | March 2017

Wi-Fi was invented by NCR to

be used for cashier systems

Wireless Alphabet Soup


ah

af

TVWS; 6,7,8 MHz

<1GHz; 1,2, (4,8,16) MHz

ad

60 GHz; 2.16 GHz; Beamsaj

50-60 GHz; 1.08 GHz; Beams

Room/Desk Area Network

M2M& IoTNetworks

ac1 ac2

5 GHz; 80MHz; SU-MIMO 5 GHz; 160MHz; MU-MIMO

Home/OfficeNetworks

p

5.9 GHz; 10MHz

Vehicle Networks

ax

ay

60 GHz; 8.64 GHz; Beams

1….6 GHz; 160MHz; OFDMA, MU-MIMO

14

Wi-Fi HaLow„New technology will extend Wi-Fi® solutions for the Internet of Things” Wi-Fi Alliance (Jan.2016)


Sensor Networks WearablesHome Security Range extension Smart Metering

Long range operation

Large number of devices per access point

Low power consumption

High throughput compared to e.g. ZigBee

Greenfield operation

Longe range – low speed – low power Wi-Fi: 802.11ah


WLAN-2.4GHz (20 MHz Channel)

< 1GHz (5 MHz Channel)

Distance (LOS | ‚fresh‘ air)

Da

ta r

ate

312.5 kHz

20 MHz | 56 SC | 4 pilots

31.25 kHz

Operates in sub 1 GHz license-exempt bands 10-times down-clocked version of 802.11ac

16

2 MHz | 56 SC | 4 pilots 1 MHz26 SC | 2 pilots

MSC Index

ModulationCoding

rate

Coded Bits

per SC

Data rate for single spatial stream ( guard interval 8 µs)

1 MHz 2 MHz 4 MHz 8 MHz 16 MHz

0 BPSK 1/2 1 300 kbps 650 kbps 1 350 kbps 2 925 kbps 5 850 kbps

1 QPSK 1/2 2 600 kbps 1 300 kbps 2 700 kbps 5 850 kbps 11 700 kbps

2 QPSK 3/4 2 900 kbps 1 950 kbps 4 050 kbps 8 775 kbps 17 550 kbps

3 16-QAM 1/2 4 1 200 kbps 2 600 kbps 5 400 kbps 11 700 kbps 23 400 kbps






9 256-QAM 5/6 8 4 000 kbps N/A 18 000 kbps 39 000 kbps 78 000 kbps

10 BPSK 1/2 wi/ rep. 1 150 kbps N/A (only supported for 1 MHz Channel)

802.11ah: Modulation and Coding Schemes


1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1

Coding: R=1/2

Repetition

6 bit

Long Range by repetition

802.11ax: Requirements and application scenarios


• Enhance operation in 2.4 AND 5 GHz bands; backward compatible and coexist with legacy 802.11 devices in the same band (11n/11ac)

• Increase average throughput per station in dense deployment scenarios

• Covering indoor AND outdoor scenarios

• Improve power efficiency of the stations

Large Office Stadium Mall/Airport Apartments IoT

18

Technology building blocks


OFDMA (DL/UL)

MU PPDU

MU PPDU

Uplink Scheduling

TriggerAP

STA1

STA2

STA3MU PPDU

MU ACK

1024 QAM

MU-MIMO UL/DL

STA STA STA STA

AP

Long OFDM Symbols

11ac3.2 µs

11ax (12.8 µs)

Long Guard Interval

0.8 µs

1.6 µs

3.2 µs

Dual Carrier Modul.

IoT optimizations

- Target Wait Time

- 20 MHz-only clients

- …

Please join TEC5 session (October 25, 11:00 am; Room T10)

19

Low-power wide-area networks (LP-WAN) will enable

applications which sense literally Everything Everywhere Anytime


Forecast of Low Power WAN connected Devices

http://www.optibee.fr/

http://www.sherlock.bike

• Temperature

• Weight

• Movement

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 20230 Bn

1 Bn

2 Bn

3 Bn

Industrial

Consumer

Utilities

Smart Buildings

Smart Cities

Agriculture

Logistics

• Location

• Movement

LP-WAN technologies in ISM/SDR bands shaking the market


UL: DBPSK

DL: GFSK

Frequency

Chirps

UL:DBPSK

DL:DBPSK

16-QAM….

DBPSK

UL:DBPSK

DL: -

GMSK,

QPSK

Modulation

Channel BW

(UpLink)ETSI: 100 Hz

FCC: 600 Hz

125 kHz 250 kHz 500 kHz

1 MHz

Ultra Narrow

Band (UNB)

Chirp Spread

Spectrum

DSSS

RPMADSSS

Ultra Narrow

Band (UNB)

Narrow Band

(NB)

200 Hz 12.5 kHz6/7/8 MHz

Technique

ISM/SDR

< 1 GHz

ISM/SDR

< 1 GHz

ISM/SDR

2.4 GHz

ISM/SDR

< 1 GHz

ISM/SDR

< 1 GHz

TV white space

470-790 MHz

Band

Driver

Sigfox in numbers


Present in 36 countries worldwide

2015

0.84 Mkm2

2017

2.6 Mkm2

17 nationwide networks

Belgium

Czech Republic

Denmark

France

Italy

Ireland

Luxembourg

Malta

Mauritius

New Zealand

Oman

Portugal

Singapore

Slovakia

Spain

Taiwan

Netherland

Tripled the surface in 2 years

22

Status LoRa


LTE-M and NB-IoT taking off

24

Modules released

supporting only

NB-IoT14

Modules released

supporting only

LTE-M20

Modules released

supporting both

NB-IoT & LTE-M16

Infrastructure, chipsets, modules and devices are now available

Operators have

commercially launched

Cat-NB1 networks8

Operators have

commercially launched

Cat-M1 networks3

New networks are

planned using

Cat-M1 or Cat-NB114

2017 is becoming the year of large scale deployments around the world

12 chipsets /SOCs /processors supporting LTE-M, NB-IoT, or both

See www.gsacom.com


Where are we today?

3GPP adresses the market especially with LTE-M and NB-IoT


| Low complexity

| Low power

| Moderate latency

| VoLTE support

| Low complexity

| Extreme low power

| Delay tolerant

| High coverage

LTE (Cat-1…Cat-4)

| High performance

| Seamless mobility

| Global coverage

LTE-M (Cat-M1) NB-IoT (Cat-NB1)

Scaling down in complexity and power Scaling up in performance and mobility

NB-IoT improvements (eNB-IoT) to achieve even lower power

consumption and to add some essential features


•Adoption of Rel.13 Single Cell point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) feature with an maximum TBS value for NPDSCH of 2536 bits

Group messaging/updates

•E-CID support

•OTDOA support based of specific narrowband positioning reference signal (NPRS)

Device positioning

•New UE category with max UL and max DL TBS of 2536 bits, optional support of two HARQ with TBS of 1352/1800 bits (UL/DL)

•New power class of 14 dBm

Low power/low latency

•Connected mode mobility realized by RRC connection re-establishment triggered by radio link failure (RLF)

Mobility

•Both anchor and up to 15 non-anchor carriers can be selected for paging and for random access

Number of devices

LTE-M improvements (FeMTC) to meet application requirements


•Adoption of Rel.13 Single Cell point-to-Multipoint (SC-PTM) feature

Group messaging/updates

• Intra-frequency and inter-frequency measurements in enhanced coverage mode

Mobility

•E-CID support

•OTDOA support based on positioning reference signal (PRS) adapted for LTE-M (e.g. frequency hopping support )

Device positioning

•Max uplink TBS of 2984 bits (M1)

•New UE category (M2) with max TBS of 4008/6968 bits (UL/DL) and optionally support of 5 MHz

•10 DL HARQ processes

Higher data rate

•Optimized parameter for VoLTElike reduce DL repetitions, new repetition factors in CE and adjusted scheduling delays

VoLTE support

What can we expect next in massive machine type communication


NB-IoT (feNB-IoT) in Rel. 15 LTE-M (eFeMTC) in Rel. 15

• Latency and power consumption reduction

• NPRACH reliability and range

enhancements (100 km cell radius)

• Small cell support

• TDD support

• Latency and power consumption reduction

• Higher velocity (e.g. 200 km/h)

• Lower UE power class

• Improved spectral efficiency (e.g. 64 QAM)

• Load control improvements

Private LTE networks for IoT with MulteFire 1.1

LAA (Rel. 13)

Use of unlicensed

spectrum for

downlink

communication

eLAA (Rel 14+)

Use of unlicensed

spectrum for uplink

communication

MulteFire is based on 3GPP

(LAA/eLAA) with similar performance

advantages but w/o anchor in the

licensed band

Private LTE for business critical industrial IoT applications


Private• Dedicated (owned) equipment

• Independent network

• Stay in control (data privacy)

Tailored• Optimized for the purpose

• Specific QoS o QoE

Simplified• Wi-Fi like deployment

• Unlicensed spectrum

• Hosted or self-contained EPC; SON

2023:$118.5B

But, can we connect already everything?

What about ….?


Grid control Process control

Remote surgery

Remote driving

Traffic control

Ericsson, 2010

Everything that will be benefit from

being connected will be connected

5G networks will enable the Internet of Things of the future

Very high data rate

Long battery lifetime

Mobility

Massive number of

devices

Reliability, resilience, security

Very lowlatency

Very high capacity

Ultra reliable & low latency communicationsMassive machine type communications

Enhanced mobile broadband

eMTC

NB-IoT

LTE-V


Teleprotection Switching

Need for low latency and ultra high reliable communication


• Reaction on power failures

within five power cycles

(100 ms @ 50 Hz)

• Processing & switching

takes around 90 ms

• Distance adds at least

0.5 ms per 100 km

• Every hop adds processing,

buffer, packetization etc. Communication latency < 10 ms

Communication reliability > 99.999%

Low latency communication


Proximity

Reduce

signaling

Improve

speed

Mini slots

14 symbols | 1 ms

7 symbols | 0.5 ms

2 symbols | 0.14 ms

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 ms subframe

Slot

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1

Mini-Slot (e.g. 2 symbols)

Grant free access

Mobile Edge Computing Short TTI

frequence

Code, Power, ….

Highly reliable uplink communication @ low latency


Network Virtualization Robust coding

Coordinated multipoint comm. Higher sub-carrier spacing

Diversity in frequency and space

y1

y2

y3

y4

u1x1++

+

+u2

u3

u4

x2

x3

x4

Separate

network

Reduce

error rate

Diversity

Polar code for short packetsapp specific slices

0.5 ms @ 15 kHz

0.25 ms @ 30 kHz

0.125 ms @ 30 kHz

subframe

Robust to higher phase noise

Rel. 16 Rel. 17

mMTC

uRLLC

Cellular IoT – we are just at the beginning of an exciting journey


Rel. 15Rel. 13 Rel. 14

FeMTCCat-M2 1.4/5 MHz

eMTCCat-M1, eDRX, CE

1.4 MHz/half-duplex 1.4/5 MHz

eFeMTC

FeNB-IoT(TDD support)

eNB-IoTCat-NB2200 kHz 200 kHz

NB-IoTCat-NB1, eDRX, CE

200 kHz

MulteFire 1.1

V2xLTE-sidelink

eV2x

2016 2017 2018 2019 20202015

MulteFire 1.0

The year 2018, the year of the wireless IoT!


Will Wi-Fi get more from

• Bluetooth 5 will potentially shake the

smart home & smart building market!

• Wi-Fi get‘s ready for IoT with 802.11ah/ax!

• Continuous growth and further improvements

on Sigfox and LoRa!

• Further optimizations for NB-IoT/LTE-M

incl. MulteFire and URLLC next!

!36

Testing the Internet of Things

The main technologies & applications in all phases of product lifecycle


Security Position

Service &Repair

Deploy & operate

Production(Pre)-

conformanceDesign &validation

Research & Development

Be ahead

in connecting everythingBluetooth WiFi ZigBee LPWAN 2G/3G/4G 5G

Be ahead in connecting everything


www.rohde-schwarz.com/IoT

Rohde & Schwarz

your partner in testing

the Internet of Things

What is next in wireless IoT? - ibewe.com · What is next in wireless IoT ... 37 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 38 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 ... Sensor Networks Home

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