What is new on mobility strategies in Europe to learn from for Czech and Slovak municipalities? Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens Central MeetBike Expert.

What is new on mobility strategies in Europe to learn from for Czech

and Slovak municipalities?

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens

Central MeetBike

Expert Seminar

Content

1.European mobility strategies

2.Sustainable urban mobility plans (SUMP), soon a must!?

3.Good reasons to require strategic sustainable planning versus

isolated decisions and measures

4.Example SUMP Dresden 2025 Plus

5.Answers to selected questions from Czech and Slovak cities

EU Policy Context

Treaty of Amsterdam:

•Sustainable development as an objective for the Community

Gothenburg European Council:

•Agreement on a strategy for sustainable development

White Paper on Transport Policy 2001: •A modern transport system must be sustainable for economic, social and environmental reasons

White Paper Mid-term Review 2006: •Mobility must be disconnected from its negative side-effects rather than from economic activity

•The introduction of the concept of co-modality

Green Paper on Urban Transport 2007: •To be effective, urban mobility policies need to be based on an approach, which is as integrated as possible•Continuously setting of standards for emissions and concentrations of pollutants and required environmental impact assessments

Action Plan on urban mobility [COM(2009) 490]

– State of play February 2012

Based upon the results of the consultation process on the Green Paper the European

Commission adopted the Action Plan on urban mobility on 30 September 2009:

Action 1: Accelerating the take-up of sustainable urban mobility plans

Action 2: Sustainable urban mobility and regional policy

Action 3: Transport for healthy urban environments

Action 4: Platform on passenger rights in urban public transport

Action 5: Improving accessibility for persons with reduced mobility

Action 6: Improving travel information

Action 7: Access to green zones

Action 8: Campaigns on sustainable mobility behaviour

Action 9: Energy-efficient driving as part of driving education

Action 10: Research and demonstration projects for lower and zero emission vehicles

Action Plan on urban mobility [COM(2009) 490]

– State of play February 2012

Action 11: Internet guide on clean and energy-efficient vehicles

Action 12: Study on urban aspects of the internalisation of external costs

Action 13: Information exchange on urban pricing schemes

Action 14: Optimising existing funding sources

Action 15: Analysing the needs for future funding

Action 16: Upgrading data and statistics

Action 17: Setting up an urban mobility observatory

Action 18: Contributing to international dialogue and information exchange

Action 19: Urban freight transport

Action 20: Intelligent transport systems (IST) for urban mobility

White paper 2011

Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area –

Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

Visions – strategies – initiatives

2.2 Promoting more sustainable behaviour

27. Promote awareness of the availability of alternatives to individual

conventional transport (drive less, walk and cycle, car-sharing, park and ride

etc.)

White paper 2011

Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area –

Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system

2.3 Integrated urban mobility

31 Urban mobility plans

•Establish procedures and financial support mechanisms at European level for preparing urban mobility

audits, as well as urban mobility plans, and set up a European urban mobility scoreboard based on

common targets. Examine the possibility of a mandatory approach for cities of a certain size, according to

national standards based on EU guidelines.•Link regional development and cohesion funds to cities and regions that have submitted a current, and

independently validated urban mobility performance and sustainable audit certificate.•Examine the possibility of a European support framework for a progressive implementation of urban

mobility plans in European cities.•Integrated urban mobility in a possible smart cities innovation partnership.•Encourage large employers to develop corporate/mobility management plans.

Guidelines

Developing and Implementing a SUMP

Source: www.mobilityplans.eu

Continuous SUMP-planning process

(elements and activities)

Source: www.mobilityplans.eu

Characteristics: • Continuous process• Clear goals and

objectives• Control of transport

demand• Use of scenarios• Evaluation and control

(quality management)• Integrated hard and soft

measures• Step by step true prices

for users• Participation of the public

Key factors for success

•cooperation

•political will and strength

•stable majorities

•consensus and acceptance

•political decisions on goals, strategies and concepts

•adoption of the strategies and decisions by formal plans

Key factors for success

Formal planning processes: Participants and processes are regulated by law. Further participation is possible (e.g. land-use plan, public transportation plan)

Other informal planning processes: Not regulated by law. How communication and participation is organized is developed by the planers (e.g. general transport plan, individual plans)

conventional way of planning

internal consulting

internal decision

Announcement Defence Implementation?

?

co-operative planning

Pick up information

open consulting

poised decide Implementation

SUMP-process in Germany1. Pre-orientation

Initial point: deficiencies and suggestions of concepts, legal requirements

2. Problem Analysis

Status quo analysisDevelopment of guidelines /

goals and objectives

Detecting deficiencies and chances

3. Development of Measures

Development of concepts with measures

Impact assessment

Evaluation

4. Balancing and Decision

5. Implementation and Ex-post Evaluation

Step by step realisation of the concept

Ex post evaluation

decision or acceptance by policy maker

exchange effects

feed back loop

LEGEND:

Germany:

The role of transport master planning before and today

Federal and state plans

Regional plans, land-use plans

Formal implementation plans

B e f o r e

Transport Master Plan (TMP)

coordination and frame for

different traffic and transport plans and other municipal sectorplans

CAP – Clean Air Plan, NAP – Noise Action Plan, PTP – Required Public Transport Plan

T o d a y

coordinates and frame only for

PTPNAPCAPTMP

leftover traffic plans

Transport or mobility master plan (SUMP)

Strategy and coordination tool

Federal and state plans

Regional plans, land-use plans

Transport or mobility master plan (SUMP)

PTPdiff.

traffic plans

CAP NAP Further sector plans of municipality

Formal implementation plans

Strategic orientation and coordination

Strategic-conceptional level(periodical)

Goals, objectives Analysis, methods, scenarios strategies, concepts

Level of measures and implementation(implementation oriented)

Sector plans (CAP, NAP, PTP)Transport plansMeasures for areasSingle measures and projects

Dat

a,

mod

ellin

g, r

epor

ting

Two Levels of mobility master planning

Continuous professional

tasks

Information and participation

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Pro

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Info

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Par

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ublic

Just thinking of isolated

measures is dangerous

•SUMP allows development of strategically consistent measures under consideration

of causal and side effects

•Dynamic changes of population, economics and behaviour require constant

adjustment and planning

•SUMP is necessary to coordinate different plans

•Broad cooperation and consensual planning approaches ease implementation of

measures in the end.

Just thinking of isolated

measures is dangerous

•Strategies and concepts improve legal acceptance

•SUMP and strategies will be precondition for obtaining national or European funding

•Master plans are cost efficient and reduce the risk of uncalculated unexpected costs.

You only have to create the database for all the projects once and not always again for

each single one.

•Master plan set the frame for step by step goal achievement

•Isolated thinking and acting causes easily undesired negative side effects and

unexpected costs

Example Dresden

Population and motorization

Example Dresden

Modalsplit in Dresden

Example Dresden

Dresden in comparison with other German cities

Example Dresden

Dresden‘s mobility strategy in the past

Example Dresden

SUMP Dresden 2025+ - The new strategic bridge

Example Dresden

SUMP Dresden 2025+ - Communication and cooperation

Source: Mohaupt, M.: City of Dresden 2025 plus, sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP), Annual POLIS conference 2011, 29. November 2011, Brüssel

Example Dresden

SUMP Dresden 2025+ - Results of scenarios

km per day by cars, public transport and bicycles

cars

public

transport

bicycle

Source: IVAS/IVV (2011) for the City of Dresden

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities

What is the hierarchy of German transport and conceptual documents and what

is their binding character?

•Conceptual documents are normally informal and voluntary. They prepare formal documents (which

integrate all modes and problems) an decisions•Indirect possibilities to create binding effects:

1. Self binding through inclusion in formal follow-up processes and decisions

2. Link informal plans with finance- and investment planning

3. Ensure cooperation/coordination of different sector plans

4. Use incentives of funding programs (In Germany state money for transport infrastructure

requires as basis a mobility master plan)

5. Informal consultation, assistance on organisational and management questions (e.g. a review

group on sustainable transport and evaluation)

6. Moderation of plan assessments and processes to find consensus and agreement

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities

How to enforce measures that are unpopular?

Expert‘s truth: Popular measures are not effective,

effective measures are not popular.

1.Clear goals and umbrella or master plans help.

2.Use the principle of “carrots and sticks” (package solutions)

Example:

A clear parking concept for all modes also considers bicycles. When city council

decides on a new parking garage the decision should be accompanied by measures

how to improve the spaces gained on streets and in public places.

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities

Is there an active effort to reduce the increase of car traffic using other modes of

transport?

1.The power of parking policy is accepted. Since the 80ies you do not find free parking

in German cities any more. Through this, parking spaces are not blocked any more by

employees. They either pay or use public transport, bicycle or their own feet. Parking

management secures accessibility for customers and commercial traffic by cars.

2.Highest road capacities are needed in inner cities, where the corridors from outside

merge. In order to keep traffic in the centres at a satisfactory level, the access has to

be limited and controlled from the outer areas. Roads leading to the city which have a

too high capacity are often one of the major causes of congestion and stop and go in

the inner cities. Ramp and access metering is one of the answers of traffic engineers.

Questions from Czech and Slovak cities

How can public and decision makers get convinced that more walking and

bicycling is good for the city and helps to ease congestion?

•Where the number of arriving cars his higher than the service rate at intersections the

result is congestion.

•The higher the amount of people using cars, the worse traffic conditions are. It is

impossible to increase capacity of all bottle-necks in the network. Where supply is

improved, demand increases automatically (induced car-traffic through better roads)

•Each pedestrian and each cyclist who does not use a car does something against

traffic jam. He and the users of public transportation are the best friends of car drivers.

•This knowledge and understanding is simple but not well known and accepted.

Central MeetBike will work an that.

Thank you for your attention

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerd-Axel Ahrens

+ 49 351 463-32975

[email protected]

www.tu-dresden.de