What is National Defense?. Congressional Power US Constitution Article One, Section 8 “To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that.

What is National Defense?

Congressional PowerUS ConstitutionArticle One, Section 8•“To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;•To provide and maintain a navy;•To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;”

The Federal Budget

Federal Budget Process and Schedule• Jan-Feb: Pres. submits budget to Congress• Mid-Feb: CBO submits report to Congress• Mid-March: Committees Report• Mid-April: Completion of Budget resolution• June: Appropriations Bills completed in

House• July: Pres. Gives mid-session review• September: Budget passed by Congress• October 1: Fiscal year begins

Fiscal Years

Budget for 2017•Submitted to Congress January 2016•Passed by Congress in September 2016•Fiscal 2017 – Begins October 1, 2016– Ends September 30, 2017

Numbers FY 2014

Federal Budget 3,778,000,000 22% of GDPDoD Budget 526,600,000 3% of GDPAll defense $ 615,000,000 4% of GDPAll defense $ 17 % of federal budget(Historical Tables)FY 2014 Summary

FY 2016 Budget

• Interactive Budget• Historical Tables from FY 2016 Budget• DoD Budget Fact Sheet FY 2016

Defense as % of Federal Budget

Federal Budget Historical

Federal Budget Projections

Defense Budget ProcessThe White House:

National Security Strategy of the US

DoD: Defense Strategic Guidance, QDR, JCS, Services, Combatant Commanders

W.H. Office of Management and Budget

Budget Submission and Annual Report to Congress of SecDef

CONGRESS

DoD Budget in Congress

Three Phases1.Congressional Budget Resolution (February-

April)2.Authorization (Spring/Summer)3.Appropriations (Summer/Fall)

1. Congressional Budget Resolution

• Early February: President submits Budget• Committees in Congress: until April• Budget Committee reports CBR April 15– Senate Budget Committee– House Budget Committee

2. Authorization

• House Armed Services Committees • Senate Armed Services Committee

• National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2013)• National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2014)• National Defense Authorization Act (FY 2015)• (passed December 2014)• FY 2015 Information and Hearings (SASC)

3. Appropriations• Defense Subcommittee of House

Appropriations Committee• Defense Subcommittee of Senate

Appropriations Committee

• Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2013)• Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2014)• Consolidated Appropriations FY 2014• Defense Appropriations Act (FY 2015)

Two Year Budget Cycle

• 2017: Off Year: New Pres. makes adjustments to previous President’s budget

• 2018: On year: President submits first budget that is really his/hers

• 2019: Off year: Pres. Submits adjustments to the two year budget

• 2020: On year: Whose Budget?

What’s in the DoD Budget?By Appropriations Title % of FY 151.Military Personnel 27%2.Operations and Maintenance 40%3.Procurement 18%4.RDT&E 13%5.Military Construction 1%6.Family Housing .2%7.Revolving and Management Funds .2%

What’s in the DoD Budget?

By Military Department % of FY 2015

Army 24%Navy 30%Air Force 28%Defense-Wide 18%

FY 2015 Breakdown by Service(as % of Service Budget)

Category Army Navy Air Force

Military Personnel 47% 31% 25%

O and M 35% 31% 33%

Procurement 12% 25% 24%

RDT&E 6% 11% 16%

The Rest Under 1% About 2% About 2%

Total Force Policy and the All-Volunteer Force (1973)

Army Active

Army Reserve and Guard

Navy Active

Navy Reserve

USMC Active

USMC Reserve

Air Force Active

Air Reserve and Guard

FY 2015 (1,000s)

490 552 324 57 182 39 310 172

Active and Guard Component FY 2015

Army Active

Army National Guard

Air Force Active

Air Force National Guard

Brigade Combat Teams

32 28 NA NA

Air:•Combat Aviation Brigades (Army)•Squadrons (Air Force)

11 8 36 20

Iraq Deployments 2005(From Linwood B. Carter. “Iraq: Summary of U.S. Forces.” CRS Nov. 28, 2005

Army Navy USMC Air Force Total

Active 78,490 2,315 20,600 7,559 108,964

Reserve 10,320 650 2,274 665 13,909

Guard 34,662 447 35,109

Total 123,472 2,965 22,874 8,671 157,98249,018 (Guard and Reserve: 31%)