What Is Islam

What is Islam?What is Islam?De-mystifying the Islamic Way of LifeDe-mystifying the Islamic Way of Life

By Hamza Andreas TzortzisBy Hamza Andreas Tzortzis

What is Islam?What is Islam?De-mystifying the Islamic Way of LifeDe-mystifying the Islamic Way of Life

By Hamza Andreas TzortzisBy Hamza Andreas Tzortzis

Presentation for London Met UniversityPresentation for London Met University22ndnd May 2008 May 2008

IntroductionIntroduction Context of discussion:Context of discussion: Social-Political & Popular Social-Political & Popular

Culture ImplicationsCulture Implications My background:My background: Previously a Secular Humanist – Previously a Secular Humanist –

Greek Convert to IslamGreek Convert to Islam Author & Public SpeakerAuthor & Public Speaker

– www.theinimitablequran.comwww.theinimitablequran.com– hamzatzortzis.blogspot.comhamzatzortzis.blogspot.com

Previous Debates with Dr Tidball, Mike Lake, Previous Debates with Dr Tidball, Mike Lake, Robert Scott, Pastor Harmit Jandhu, Dr BarbrookRobert Scott, Pastor Harmit Jandhu, Dr Barbrook

Delivered presentations at UCL, Bristol, Kings Delivered presentations at UCL, Bristol, Kings College, Liverpool, Birmingham, Westminster, College, Liverpool, Birmingham, Westminster, London Met., SOAS, York (Canada), Maastricht London Met., SOAS, York (Canada), Maastricht (Netherlands) and others.(Netherlands) and others.

Netherlands/Europe/America:Netherlands/Europe/America: The Banning of the The Banning of the Qur’an, Dutch Politics, Philosophy and Community Qur’an, Dutch Politics, Philosophy and Community CohesionCohesion

The Importance of The Importance of InvestigationInvestigation

The Islamic perspectiveThe Islamic perspective– Searching for truth is based upon evidenceSearching for truth is based upon evidence– There is There is no blind thinkingno blind thinking or blind adoption of the Islamic or blind adoption of the Islamic

creedcreed– The Qur’an presents a unique psycholinguistic technique:The Qur’an presents a unique psycholinguistic technique:

……for those who reflectfor those who reflect ……for those who thinkfor those who think ……for those who contemplatefor those who contemplate

When it is said to them: "Come to what God has revealed; When it is said to them: "Come to what God has revealed; come to the Messenger": They say: "Enough for us are come to the Messenger": They say: "Enough for us are the ways we found our fathers following." What! Even the ways we found our fathers following." What! Even though their fathers had no knowledge and no guidance?though their fathers had no knowledge and no guidance? Qur’an 5:104Qur’an 5:104

Islam:Islam: A SummaryA Summary

What is Islam?What is Islam?

Islam comes from the word to submit Islam comes from the word to submit – It shares the same root for the word peace It shares the same root for the word peace

(salaam)(salaam)– Islam is the peaceful submission to the will GodIslam is the peaceful submission to the will God– Muslims claim that it is only through Muslims claim that it is only through

submission to God will one find true inner and submission to God will one find true inner and outer tranquilityouter tranquility

But what do you think about when But what do you think about when you hear the word ‘Islam’.....?you hear the word ‘Islam’.....?

Islam?

Immigration

Afghanistan

Danish Cartoons

Al-Qaeda

Jihad

Taliban

7/7

9/11

Irrational

Oppression of Women

Van Gogh Geert Wilders

Terrorism

Anti-Semitic

Intolerant

Extremism

Ayaan Hirsi

WMDs

Islam: A SummaryIslam: A Summary

LIFE

HONOUR

WEALTH

BELIEF

STATE

MIND

SOCIETY

Intellectual Basis(Aqeeda)

God

Him/Herself

Others

The Essence of IslamThe Essence of Islam

Tawhid: The Oneness of GodTawhid: The Oneness of God– Comprehensive concept that should Comprehensive concept that should

permeate ones whole lifepermeate ones whole life– Referring your whole life (spiritual, Referring your whole life (spiritual,

individual, social, political etc) to the individual, social, political etc) to the Creator rather than the limited human Creator rather than the limited human mind and ones egomind and ones ego

5 Pillars of Islam5 Pillars of Islam

The Shahada: Testimony of faithThe Shahada: Testimony of faith– ““I bear witness that there is no God but I bear witness that there is no God but

Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is his servant and messenger”is his servant and messenger”

Salah: PrayerSalah: Prayer Sawm: FastingSawm: Fasting Zakat: CharityZakat: Charity Hajj: Pilgrimage to MeccaHajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca

Islam is not a religionIslam is not a religion

Islam is not just about spirituality.Islam is not just about spirituality. Islam deals with all aspects of human Islam deals with all aspects of human

behaviour:behaviour:– EconomicsEconomics– PoliticsPolitics– Foreign PolicyForeign Policy– Social PolicySocial Policy– JusticeJustice– CrimeCrime– Community cohesionCommunity cohesion

The Islamic Intellectual The Islamic Intellectual BasisBasis

The conviction in:The conviction in:

– The Existence of a CreatorThe Existence of a Creator– The Qur’an Being the Word of this The Qur’an Being the Word of this

CreatorCreator– The Prophethood of Muhammad (p)The Prophethood of Muhammad (p)

The Existence The Existence

ofof God God

The Existence of the CreatorThe Existence of the Creator Kalam Cosmological ArgumentKalam Cosmological Argument

– Atheist claim that the universe of matter is Atheist claim that the universe of matter is eternaleternal

– However, that would be there has been an However, that would be there has been an infinite set of past eventsinfinite set of past events

– There is no basis for infinity in the real worldThere is no basis for infinity in the real world– There must be a sole cause for the universeThere must be a sole cause for the universe– This cause must have a will as the cause could This cause must have a will as the cause could

not exist without the effect if it was mechanicalnot exist without the effect if it was mechanical– The existence of a sole cause for the universe The existence of a sole cause for the universe

is supported by astrophysical evidenceis supported by astrophysical evidence

Some ExamplesSome Examples The Library Book Example:The Library Book Example:

You are waiting in a queue for a library You are waiting in a queue for a library book consisting of an infinite number book consisting of an infinite number of people. Will you ever get the book? of people. Will you ever get the book?

Soldier Example:Soldier Example:A soldier requires permission of the A soldier requires permission of the soldier behind him to shoot. If there soldier behind him to shoot. If there are an infinite number of soldiers, will are an infinite number of soldiers, will he shoot? he shoot?

Astrophysical EvidenceAstrophysical Evidence This conclusion is confirmed by physicsThis conclusion is confirmed by physics The ‘Big Bang’The ‘Big Bang’

– Physical time and space were createdPhysical time and space were created– Matter and energy were also createdMatter and energy were also created

Cambridge Astronomer Fred Hoyle:Cambridge Astronomer Fred Hoyle:“…“…shrunk down to nothing at all”shrunk down to nothing at all”

The ‘Big Bang’ model requires that The ‘Big Bang’ model requires that something was created out of nothing.something was created out of nothing.

But there has to be something there for But there has to be something there for the ‘Bang!’ to occur.the ‘Bang!’ to occur.

Very Awkward for the Very Awkward for the AtheistAtheist

Anthony Kenny of Oxford University:Anthony Kenny of Oxford University:““A proponent of the big bang theory, A proponent of the big bang theory,

at least if he is an atheist, must at least if he is an atheist, must believe that the…universe came out believe that the…universe came out

of nothing and by nothing”of nothing and by nothing” But out of nothing, nothing comes!But out of nothing, nothing comes! Even atheists recognise this, David Even atheists recognise this, David

Hume:Hume:“…“…I never asserted to absurd I never asserted to absurd

proposition as that anything might proposition as that anything might arise without a cause”arise without a cause”

Some additional supporting Some additional supporting arguments…arguments…

The probability of “Big Bang’s” low entropy The probability of “Big Bang’s” low entropy condition existing by chance are of the order condition existing by chance are of the order of of one out of 10one out of 1010 10 [123 Zeros][123 Zeros] – Roger Penrose– Roger Penrose

This is equivalent of believing a talking Pink This is equivalent of believing a talking Pink Elephant exists that was born on Pluto and Elephant exists that was born on Pluto and flew hear on giant feather! flew hear on giant feather! [I made this up][I made this up]

There are about 50 constants present in the There are about 50 constants present in the ‘Big Bang’ that must have been fine tuned if ‘Big Bang’ that must have been fine tuned if the universe were to permit lifethe universe were to permit life

Their ratios must also have had to be fined Their ratios must also have had to be fined tuned!tuned!

Therefore the chance hypothesis is Therefore the chance hypothesis is implausible!implausible!

123 Zeros!123 Zeros!

100000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

A Note on War & EvilA Note on War & Evil Some Atheists claim that there can not be a creator as Some Atheists claim that there can not be a creator as

religion has caused so much war and evil. But was it religion has caused so much war and evil. But was it not the secular political framework responsible for:not the secular political framework responsible for:

700,000 innocent deaths due to the current Iraqi 700,000 innocent deaths due to the current Iraqi occupation?occupation?500,000 Iraqi children dead in the 10 year sanctions?500,000 Iraqi children dead in the 10 year sanctions?Over 60 million preventable deaths is Africa due to unjust Over 60 million preventable deaths is Africa due to unjust trade laws in the past decade?trade laws in the past decade?70,000,000 Dead American Indians?70,000,000 Dead American Indians?World War 1 and 2? The occupation of Palestinian land?World War 1 and 2? The occupation of Palestinian land?The genocide of Bosnians? The genocide of the Jews?The genocide of Bosnians? The genocide of the Jews?Stalin? Hitler? Bush?Stalin? Hitler? Bush?The Vietnam War?The Vietnam War?The mass murder of new born baby girls in China?The mass murder of new born baby girls in China?250,000 dead Fillipinos? Hiroshima?250,000 dead Fillipinos? Hiroshima?The ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, Chechnians, Tibetans The ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, Chechnians, Tibetans etc?etc?The list can go on and on....The list can go on and on....

Therefore Secularism doesn't exist or is wrong! But this Therefore Secularism doesn't exist or is wrong! But this approach is irrational and does not facilitate intellectual approach is irrational and does not facilitate intellectual discussion…discussion…

The Word of God:The Word of God:

The Qur’anThe Qur’an

The Necessity of External The Necessity of External InformationInformation

Two possible Sources:Two possible Sources: Introspection and Exo- Introspection and Exo-spection (external evidence)spection (external evidence)

The Validity of Exo-spection and the Absurdity of The Validity of Exo-spection and the Absurdity of IntropsectionIntropsection– Our Our finite mindsfinite minds cannot explain or fully cannot explain or fully

comprehend the comprehend the infiniteinfinite– Its like a knocking on the door…Its like a knocking on the door…– Psychology:Psychology: Individual Differences – Genetic, Individual Differences – Genetic,

Environmental, Experience, Knowledge Environmental, Experience, Knowledge Limitation – therefore different answers!Limitation – therefore different answers!

– Muslims do not have an explicit assumption Muslims do not have an explicit assumption about about whowho God is God is

– So So ifif God said anything about Himself, then it is God said anything about Himself, then it is definitely externally revealeddefinitely externally revealed

The Eternal ChallengeThe Eternal Challenge Qur’an Chapter 2 Verse 23Qur’an Chapter 2 Verse 23

““And if you are in doubt concerning that which We And if you are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down to our servant (Muhammed have sent down to our servant (Muhammed pbuhpbuh) ) then bring a chapter of the like thereof and call then bring a chapter of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides

Allah if you are truthful”Allah if you are truthful”

Falsification test:Falsification test: The Only Divine text to have a The Only Divine text to have a rational argument and a falsification test to prove rational argument and a falsification test to prove its divinityits divinity

General MeaningGeneral Meaning Historical Scholarly ApproachHistorical Scholarly Approach Six Main ArgumentsSix Main Arguments

Six Main ArgumentsSix Main Arguments

Rational Deduction

Unique LiteraryForm Unique Genre

Eloquence

Six Main Arguments

Rhetoric

Complexities of Classical Arabic

Grammar

Unique Literary FormUnique Literary Form

Prose

Qur’an Poetry

Saj’ Mursal

Rhythmical Patters

Unique

Arabic Language

An Example of Superior An Example of Superior Eloquence: Word OrderEloquence: Word Order

Example: Example:

‘‘You shall not kill your children because you You shall not kill your children because you cannot support them. We provide for cannot support them. We provide for youyou and for and for

themthem.’.’

Qur’an 80:151Qur’an 80:151

‘‘You shall not kill your children for fear of want. You shall not kill your children for fear of want. We will provide for We will provide for themthem and for and for youyou.’ .’

Qur’an 17:31Qur’an 17:31

Meticulous AccuracyMeticulous Accuracy In the first verse when the killing is from want due to the In the first verse when the killing is from want due to the

poverty of the family, the Qur’an emphasizes Allah’s poverty of the family, the Qur’an emphasizes Allah’s provision over the parent thus they are mentioned first.provision over the parent thus they are mentioned first.

In the second verse however the killing of such innocent In the second verse however the killing of such innocent children is conceded by the fear of the future possibility children is conceded by the fear of the future possibility of poverty, Allah assures one not do so by emphasizing of poverty, Allah assures one not do so by emphasizing the children before the family and how they will receive the children before the family and how they will receive this provision.this provision.

The words are meticulously chosen even the letters are The words are meticulously chosen even the letters are meaningfully used. No addition, elision, advancing, or meaningfully used. No addition, elision, advancing, or retarding occurs but by careful design. This approach is retarding occurs but by careful design. This approach is unequalled in any human composition. It is only found in unequalled in any human composition. It is only found in the Qur’an.the Qur’an.

Historical FactHistorical Fact Margoliouth, Muir and Zammit:Margoliouth, Muir and Zammit: Historical fact that Historical fact that

the Arabs at the time of revelation were masters the Arabs at the time of revelation were masters in the use of Arabicin the use of Arabic

They were articulate users of the language but They were articulate users of the language but also held those skilled in the arts of linguistic also held those skilled in the arts of linguistic composition in high esteem. composition in high esteem. ““It should be known that Arabs thought highly of It should be known that Arabs thought highly of poetry as a form of speech. Therefore, they made poetry as a form of speech. Therefore, they made

it the archives of their history, the evidence for it the archives of their history, the evidence for what they considered right and wrong, and the what they considered right and wrong, and the

principal basis of reference for most of their principal basis of reference for most of their sciences and wisdom.”sciences and wisdom.”

Ibn KhaldunIbn Khaldun

They All FailedThey All Failed If the people best placed to challenge the Qur’an If the people best placed to challenge the Qur’an

failed, then who can do it?failed, then who can do it? Some of the challengers: Some of the challengers:

– MusaylamahMusaylamah– The Quraish The Quraish – Ibn Al-Mukaffa‘ Ibn Al-Mukaffa‘ – Abu'l-'Ala Al-Marri Abu'l-'Ala Al-Marri – Yahya b. Al-Hakam al-GhazalYahya b. Al-Hakam al-Ghazal– Sayyid 'Ali MuhammadSayyid 'Ali Muhammad– Ibn al-RawandiIbn al-Rawandi– Bassar bin Burd Bassar bin Burd – Sahib Ibn 'AbbadSahib Ibn 'Abbad– Abu'l - 'Atahiya Abu'l - 'Atahiya

God’s Word?God’s Word?

Rational deductionRational deduction Is it from an Arab, Non-Arab, the Prophet (pbuh) Is it from an Arab, Non-Arab, the Prophet (pbuh)

or the Creator?or the Creator? The Prophet and Hadith – Linguistic differencesThe Prophet and Hadith – Linguistic differences The pre-requisite – CreatorThe pre-requisite – Creator No other rational explanation!No other rational explanation!

Non-Muslim ScholarshipNon-Muslim Scholarship

Consensus opinion on the superior nature of the Consensus opinion on the superior nature of the Qur’an’s language.Qur’an’s language.

"The Koran [sic] admittedly occupies an important "The Koran [sic] admittedly occupies an important position among the great religious books of the position among the great religious books of the world…. it yields to hardly any in the wonderful effect world…. it yields to hardly any in the wonderful effect which it has produced on large masses of men. It has which it has produced on large masses of men. It has created an all but new phase of human thought and a created an all but new phase of human thought and a fresh type of character. It first transformed a number fresh type of character. It first transformed a number of heterogeneous desert tribes of the Arabian of heterogeneous desert tribes of the Arabian peninsula into a nation of heroes…."peninsula into a nation of heroes…."G. MargoliouthG. Margoliouth

Miracle After MiracleMiracle After Miracle

My favourite…..My favourite…..““As tangible signs Qur’anic verses are As tangible signs Qur’anic verses are

expressive of an inexhaustible truth. They expressive of an inexhaustible truth. They signify meaning layered within meaning, signify meaning layered within meaning, light upon light, miracle after miracle.”light upon light, miracle after miracle.”

Bruce LawrenceBruce Lawrence“…“…and that though several attempts have and that though several attempts have

been made to produce a work equal to it been made to produce a work equal to it as far as elegant writing is concerned, as far as elegant writing is concerned,

none has as yet succeeded.”none has as yet succeeded.” F. F. ArbuthnotF. F. Arbuthnot

Conclusion: A Miracle Indeed it Conclusion: A Miracle Indeed it is!is!

Martin Zammit concludes in his book “A Martin Zammit concludes in his book “A comparative Lexical Study of Qur’anic Arabic”: comparative Lexical Study of Qur’anic Arabic”:

““Notwithstanding the literary excellence of some of Notwithstanding the literary excellence of some of the long pre-Islamic poems…the Qur'an is definitely the long pre-Islamic poems…the Qur'an is definitely on a level of its own as on a level of its own as the most eminent written the most eminent written manifestationmanifestation of the Arabic language.” of the Arabic language.”

Rev. R Bosworth Smith concludes that the Qur'an, Rev. R Bosworth Smith concludes that the Qur'an, in his book "Muhammad and Muhammadanism", is:in his book "Muhammad and Muhammadanism", is:

"…It is the one miracle claimed by Muhammad, his "…It is the one miracle claimed by Muhammad, his standing standing miraclemiracle, and a , and a miraclemiracle indeed it is." indeed it is."

What Does the Qur’an Say?What Does the Qur’an Say? What will explain to you what the steep path is? It is to free a slave, What will explain to you what the steep path is? It is to free a slave,

to feed at a time of hunger, an orphaned relative or a poor person in to feed at a time of hunger, an orphaned relative or a poor person in distress, and to be one of those who believe and urge one another to distress, and to be one of those who believe and urge one another to steadfastness and compassion steadfastness and compassion Qur'an 90: 11-20Qur'an 90: 11-20

Are, then, they who are bent on denying the truth not aware that the Are, then, they who are bent on denying the truth not aware that the heavens and the earth were once one single entity, which We then heavens and the earth were once one single entity, which We then perted asunder? And that We made out of water every living thing? perted asunder? And that We made out of water every living thing? Qur'an 21:30Qur'an 21:30

People, be mindful of your Lord, who created you from a single soul People, be mindful of your Lord, who created you from a single soul Qur'an 4:1Qur'an 4:1

Every soul shall taste death Every soul shall taste death Qur'an 3:185Qur'an 3:185

If you are steadfast and mindful of God, that is the best course If you are steadfast and mindful of God, that is the best course Qur'an Qur'an 3:1863:186

Why do you mix truth with falsehood? Why do you hide the truth Why do you mix truth with falsehood? Why do you hide the truth when you recognize it? when you recognize it? Qur'an 3:71Qur'an 3:71

Why should you not fight in God's cause and for those oppressed Why should you not fight in God's cause and for those oppressed men. women, and children who cry out, 'Lord, rescue us from this men. women, and children who cry out, 'Lord, rescue us from this town whose people are oppressors! By Your grace, gives us a town whose people are oppressors! By Your grace, gives us a protector and give us a helper!'? The believers fight for God's cause, protector and give us a helper!'? The believers fight for God's cause, while those who reject faith fight for an unjust cause while those who reject faith fight for an unjust cause Qur'an 4:75-76Qur'an 4:75-76

What Does the Qur’an Say?What Does the Qur’an Say? ...bear witness impartially: do not let the hatred of others lead you ...bear witness impartially: do not let the hatred of others lead you

away from justice, but adhere to justice, for that is closer to the away from justice, but adhere to justice, for that is closer to the awareness of God. Be mindful of God... awareness of God. Be mindful of God... Qur'an 5:8Qur'an 5:8

Man should reflect on what he was created from Man should reflect on what he was created from Qur'an 86:5Qur'an 86:5

So truly were there is hardship there is also ease, truly where there So truly were there is hardship there is also ease, truly where there is hardship there is also ease is hardship there is also ease Qur'an 94:5-6Qur'an 94:5-6

Read! in the name of your Lord who created: He created man from Read! in the name of your Lord who created: He created man from a clinging form a clinging form Qur'an 96:1-2Qur'an 96:1-2

By (the Token of) Time (through the ages), Verily Man is in loss, By (the Token of) Time (through the ages), Verily Man is in loss, Except such as have Faith, and do righteous deeds, and (join Except such as have Faith, and do righteous deeds, and (join together) in the mutual teaching of Truth, and of Patience and together) in the mutual teaching of Truth, and of Patience and Constancy Constancy Qur'an 103:1-3Qur'an 103:1-3

Woe to every slanderer, defamer. Who amasses wealth and Woe to every slanderer, defamer. Who amasses wealth and considers it a provision (against mishap); He thinks that his wealth considers it a provision (against mishap); He thinks that his wealth will make him immortal will make him immortal Qur'an 104:1-3Qur'an 104:1-3

Say, 'He is God the One, God the Eternal. He begot no one nor was Say, 'He is God the One, God the Eternal. He begot no one nor was He begotten. No one is comparable to Him.' He begotten. No one is comparable to Him.' Qur'an 112:1-4Qur'an 112:1-4

The Last The Last Prophet:Prophet:

Muhammad Muhammad (p)(p)

Belief in the ProphetBelief in the Prophet

We believe in the Prophet from:We believe in the Prophet from:– The proof of the Qur’anThe proof of the Qur’an– The Life of the Prophet MuhammadThe Life of the Prophet Muhammad– His excellent characterHis excellent character– The prophesies in other scripturesThe prophesies in other scriptures

The Life of the ProphetThe Life of the Prophet Two main phases:Two main phases:

– Meccan PhaseMeccan Phase– Medinan PhaseMedinan Phase

Meccan:Meccan:– Revelation of the Qur’anRevelation of the Qur’an– Oppression, boycott, torture and aggressionOppression, boycott, torture and aggression– Stoning in TaifStoning in Taif– The death of Khadijah and his UncleThe death of Khadijah and his Uncle– Point of no hope…Point of no hope…

Medinan:Medinan:– Treaty of AqabahTreaty of Aqabah– HijrahHijrah– The first communityThe first community– Political authorityPolitical authority– Permission to fight oppressionPermission to fight oppression– The dawn of a new civilisationThe dawn of a new civilisation

The Prophet’s DescriptionThe Prophet’s Description Al-Hasan said to Hind, “Describe to me the way he spoke.”Al-Hasan said to Hind, “Describe to me the way he spoke.”

Hind said, “The Prophet of God, peace and blessings be upon him, was Hind said, “The Prophet of God, peace and blessings be upon him, was continually full of concern. He was constantly deep in thought. He had continually full of concern. He was constantly deep in thought. He had no rest, and would not speak without a reason. He would be silent for no rest, and would not speak without a reason. He would be silent for long periods of time. He would begin conversations, and end them long periods of time. He would begin conversations, and end them clearly and distinctly and would speak in a way that combined many clearly and distinctly and would speak in a way that combined many meanings in few words. He spoke with excellence, and there was no meanings in few words. He spoke with excellence, and there was no excess in it, nor unnatural brevity.excess in it, nor unnatural brevity.

He was gentle by nature and not coarse, nor was he contemptuous of He was gentle by nature and not coarse, nor was he contemptuous of anyone. He would extol the favours he received, even when they were anyone. He would extol the favours he received, even when they were few and small. He never found fault with them. He never criticized the few and small. He never found fault with them. He never criticized the food or drink that was prepared for him, nor did he overly praise it. No food or drink that was prepared for him, nor did he overly praise it. No one would stand against his anger when matters of the Lord’s truth one would stand against his anger when matters of the Lord’s truth were opposed, until he had triumphed, but he would never get angry were opposed, until he had triumphed, but he would never get angry for his own sake, nor would he ever seek to win such an argument. He for his own sake, nor would he ever seek to win such an argument. He would gesture with his whole palm, to point. When he was astonished, would gesture with his whole palm, to point. When he was astonished, he would make his palm face upwards. He used his hands frequently he would make his palm face upwards. He used his hands frequently as he spoke, and would strike his left palm with his right thumb.as he spoke, and would strike his left palm with his right thumb.

When he would get angry, he would turn away and avert his gaze, and When he would get angry, he would turn away and avert his gaze, and when he was full of joy he would lower his eyes. Most of his laughing when he was full of joy he would lower his eyes. Most of his laughing was as smiling; when he did laugh, it was not loud, and he would show was as smiling; when he did laugh, it was not loud, and he would show his teeth a bit like they were hailstones.” his teeth a bit like they were hailstones.”

The Prophet’s The Prophet’s (P)(P) Sayings Sayings HadithHadith

– Definition “Statement attributed to the Prophet Definition “Statement attributed to the Prophet (p)”(p)”

– Hadith Science: Scientific classification of hadithHadith Science: Scientific classification of hadith Some HadithSome Hadith

– ““Actions are in accordance to the intentions”Actions are in accordance to the intentions”– “…“…spread the salaam”spread the salaam”– ““If you love your brother, say to him ‘I love you’”If you love your brother, say to him ‘I love you’”– ““You must love for your brother/human what you love for You must love for your brother/human what you love for

yourself”yourself”– ““Whoever has been given gentleness has been given a Whoever has been given gentleness has been given a

good portion, in this world and the next.”good portion, in this world and the next.”– ““The best of jihad is a word of truth to a tyrant ruler”The best of jihad is a word of truth to a tyrant ruler”– ““O people!  Your God is one and your forefather (Adam) is O people!  Your God is one and your forefather (Adam) is

one.  An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-one.  An Arab is not better than a non-Arab and a non-Arab is not better than an Arab, and a red (i.e. white Arab is not better than an Arab, and a red (i.e. white tinged with red) person is not better than a black person tinged with red) person is not better than a black person and a black person is not better than a red person, and a black person is not better than a red person, except in piety.” except in piety.”

Islam & Islam & PoliticsPolitics

Islam & PoliticsIslam & Politics "Neither as Christians or Jews, nor simply as

intellectually responsible individuals, have members of Western Civilisation been sensitively educated or even accurately informed about Islam… even some persons of goodwill who have gained acquaintance with Islam continue to interpret the reverence for the prophet Muhammad and the global acceptance of his message as an inexplicable survival of the zeal of an ancient desert tribe. This view ignores fourteen centuries of Islamic civilisation, burgeoning with artists, scholars, statesmen, philanthropists, scientists, chivalrous warriors, philosophers… as well as countless men and women of devotion and wisdom from almost every nation of the planet. The coherent world civilisation called Islam, founded in the vision of the Qur'an, cannot be regarded as the product of individual and national ambition, supported by historical accident."

Lex Hixon, The Heart of the Qur’an

EconomicsEconomics The reality under secular capitalismThe reality under secular capitalism

– 'Relieved of their annual debt repayments, the severely 'Relieved of their annual debt repayments, the severely indebted countries could use the funds for investments that in indebted countries could use the funds for investments that in Africa alone would save the lives of about 21 million children by Africa alone would save the lives of about 21 million children by 2000 and provide 90 million girls and women with access to 2000 and provide 90 million girls and women with access to basic education.'basic education.'UNDP Human Development Report 1997, p. 93UNDP Human Development Report 1997, p. 93

– '225 people own more wealth than the poorest 2.5 billion '225 people own more wealth than the poorest 2.5 billion people.' people.' UNDP Human Development Report 1998UNDP Human Development Report 1998

– 'There is a very broad consensus among African governments 'There is a very broad consensus among African governments that the IMF and World Bank terms are often harsh and that the IMF and World Bank terms are often harsh and unsuitable, generating severely adverse effects on the overall unsuitable, generating severely adverse effects on the overall economies of these countries especially with regard to economies of these countries especially with regard to agriculture, manufacture and foreign trade' agriculture, manufacture and foreign trade' Conference of the Institute for African Alternatives, Onimode, Conference of the Institute for African Alternatives, Onimode, B. [ed.], The IMF, the World Bank and African Debt, Zed Books, B. [ed.], The IMF, the World Bank and African Debt, Zed Books, 1989. 1989.

A Just Economic FrameworkA Just Economic Framework '…but God has allowed trade and forbidden usury…''…but God has allowed trade and forbidden usury…'

Qur’an 2:276Qur’an 2:276

“…“…in order that it may not make a circuit between in order that it may not make a circuit between the wealthy among you.”the wealthy among you.” Qur’an 5:7 Qur’an 5:7

The Prophet Muhammad said:The Prophet Muhammad said:

"The son of Adam has no better right than that he "The son of Adam has no better right than that he would have a house wherein he may live and a would have a house wherein he may live and a piece of cloth whereby he may cover his nakedness piece of cloth whereby he may cover his nakedness and a piece of bread and some water."and a piece of bread and some water."

If these economic principles - No Interest, If these economic principles - No Interest, Distributive Justice and the Economic philosophy of Distributive Justice and the Economic philosophy of providing basic necessities for all citizens before providing basic necessities for all citizens before accumulating mass wealth – were the driving force accumulating mass wealth – were the driving force behind western economic policy, the world would behind western economic policy, the world would be very different.be very different.

Dealing with MinoritiesDealing with Minorities Imam Qarafi (Classical Islamic Scholar) summed up the Imam Qarafi (Classical Islamic Scholar) summed up the

responsibility of the Islamic system to the non-Muslim when he responsibility of the Islamic system to the non-Muslim when he said:said:

““It is the responsibility of the Muslims to the People of the It is the responsibility of the Muslims to the People of the Dhimma to care for their weak, fulfil the needs of the poor, Dhimma to care for their weak, fulfil the needs of the poor, feed the hungry, provide clothes, address them politely, and feed the hungry, provide clothes, address them politely, and even tolerate their harm even if it was from a neighbour, even even tolerate their harm even if it was from a neighbour, even though the Muslim would have an upper hand. The Muslims though the Muslim would have an upper hand. The Muslims must also advise them sincerely on their affairs and protect must also advise them sincerely on their affairs and protect them against anyone who tries to hurt them or their family, them against anyone who tries to hurt them or their family, steal their wealth, or violates their rights.”steal their wealth, or violates their rights.”

The Qur'an explains:The Qur'an explains:““O You who believe! Indeed We have created you from a single O You who believe! Indeed We have created you from a single male and female and We have made you into nations and male and female and We have made you into nations and tribes so that you know each other, Verily the noblest among tribes so that you know each other, Verily the noblest among you in the sight of Allah is the one who is most deeply you in the sight of Allah is the one who is most deeply conscious of Him. Behold Allah is all knowing, all aware.”conscious of Him. Behold Allah is all knowing, all aware.” Qur'an 49:13Qur'an 49:13

ProblemsProblems Secularism has a severe problem in dealing with Secularism has a severe problem in dealing with

minorities, especially those with an alternative minorities, especially those with an alternative value system.   value system.   – UK, Netherlands, France, Turkey, USAUK, Netherlands, France, Turkey, USA

The Islamic system, allows Non-Muslim citizens to The Islamic system, allows Non-Muslim citizens to have their own courts and judges to settle family have their own courts and judges to settle family law disputes and other matters related to their law disputes and other matters related to their personal lives and religion. personal lives and religion.

Sir Thomas Arnold in his book ‘The Call to Islam' Sir Thomas Arnold in his book ‘The Call to Islam' points out that under the Ottoman Sultans points out that under the Ottoman Sultans (Islamic System) the Christian Patriarch and the (Islamic System) the Christian Patriarch and the Grand Synod could decide all matters of faith and Grand Synod could decide all matters of faith and dogma without any interference of the State, dogma without any interference of the State, something that was never the case under the something that was never the case under the previous Byzantine emperors. previous Byzantine emperors.

Historical ExamplesHistorical Examples "Every honest Jew who knows the history of his people "Every honest Jew who knows the history of his people

cannot but feel a deep sense of gratitude to Islam, which cannot but feel a deep sense of gratitude to Islam, which has protected the Jews for 50 generations, while the has protected the Jews for 50 generations, while the Christian world persecuted the Jews and tried many times Christian world persecuted the Jews and tried many times 'by the sword' to get them to abandon their faith."'by the sword' to get them to abandon their faith."

Uri Avnery, An Israeli journalist, who was originally a Uri Avnery, An Israeli journalist, who was originally a member of the right wing Revisionist Zionist movement. member of the right wing Revisionist Zionist movement.

After 1453 Jews were encouraged to immigrate from After 1453 Jews were encouraged to immigrate from Europe. A letter from one Rabbi to his persecuted brethren Europe. A letter from one Rabbi to his persecuted brethren in Europe urging settlement in the promised land states:in Europe urging settlement in the promised land states:

““Here in the land of the Turks we have nothing to complain Here in the land of the Turks we have nothing to complain of. We possess great fortunes; much gold and silver are in of. We possess great fortunes; much gold and silver are in our hands. We are not oppressed with heavy taxes and our our hands. We are not oppressed with heavy taxes and our commerce is free and unhindered. Rich are the fruits of the commerce is free and unhindered. Rich are the fruits of the earth. Everything is cheap and every one of us lives in earth. Everything is cheap and every one of us lives in peace and freedom...”peace and freedom...”

Spirituality: Spirituality:

Purification of Purification of the Heartthe Heart

SpiritualitySpirituality Affection & LoveAffection & Love

– A man once came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be A man once came to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) with a piece of cloth and something in his upon him) with a piece of cloth and something in his hand. The man said:hand. The man said:

"I saw a group of trees and heard the sound of young "I saw a group of trees and heard the sound of young birds. I took them and put them in my garment. Their birds. I took them and put them in my garment. Their mother then came and began to hover around my head. mother then came and began to hover around my head. I showed (the chicks) to her, and she fell on them. I I showed (the chicks) to her, and she fell on them. I wrapped them (all) with my garment. They are now with wrapped them (all) with my garment. They are now with me."me."

The Prophet said to his companions:The Prophet said to his companions:

"Are you surprised at the affection of the mother for her "Are you surprised at the affection of the mother for her young?. . young?. . God is more affectionate to His servants than a God is more affectionate to His servants than a mother to her young onesmother to her young ones. Take (the chicks) back and . Take (the chicks) back and put them where you found them."put them where you found them."

Ref: Sunan of Abu Dawood, Hadith 1359Ref: Sunan of Abu Dawood, Hadith 1359

SpiritualitySpirituality Remembrance of GodRemembrance of God

““Those who believe, and whose hearts find peace in the Those who believe, and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allah: for without doubt in the remembrance of remembrance of Allah: for without doubt in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find peace.” Qur'an 13:28Allah do hearts find peace.” Qur'an 13:28

“Therefore remember Me. I will remember you.” Qur'an 2:152“Therefore remember Me. I will remember you.” Qur'an 2:152

Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:Abu Hurairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:

The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Allah the Exalted says: 'I am The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, “Allah the Exalted says: 'I am as my slave expects me to be, and I am with him when he as my slave expects me to be, and I am with him when he remembers Me. . .'” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslimremembers Me. . .'” Narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim

Abdullah bin Busr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:Abdullah bin Busr (May Allah be pleased with him) reported:

One of the Companions said, “O Messenger of Allah. There are many One of the Companions said, “O Messenger of Allah. There are many injunctions of Islam for me. So tell me something to which I may injunctions of Islam for me. So tell me something to which I may hold fast.”hold fast.”

He said, “Keep your tongue wet with the remembrance of Allah.” He said, “Keep your tongue wet with the remembrance of Allah.” Narrated by At-TirmidhiNarrated by At-Tirmidhi

Do you know who you are?Do you know who you are? Do they not reflect within themselves? Do they not reflect within themselves? Qur'an 30:8Qur'an 30:8

There is nothing closer to you then yourself. If you There is nothing closer to you then yourself. If you don't know yourself, how will you know others? You don't know yourself, how will you know others? You might say, "I know myself", but you are might say, "I know myself", but you are mistaken....The only thing you know about yourself is mistaken....The only thing you know about yourself is your physical appearance. The only thing you know your physical appearance. The only thing you know about your inside [about your inside [batinbatin, your unconscious] is that , your unconscious] is that when you are hungry you eat, when you are angry, when you are hungry you eat, when you are angry, you fight, and when you are consumed by passion, you fight, and when you are consumed by passion, you make love. In this regard you are equal to any you make love. In this regard you are equal to any animal. You have to seek the reality within animal. You have to seek the reality within yourself....What are you? Where have you come from yourself....What are you? Where have you come from and where are you going? What is your role in the and where are you going? What is your role in the world? Why have you been created? Where does your world? Why have you been created? Where does your happiness lie? If you would like to know yourself....the happiness lie? If you would like to know yourself....the reality of your existence is in your inwardness. reality of your existence is in your inwardness. Everything is a servant of your inward heart.Everything is a servant of your inward heart.

Al-Ghazali, The Alchemy of HappinessAl-Ghazali, The Alchemy of Happiness

Compassion & LoveCompassion & Love A'isha said, "I was on a camel that was somewhat A'isha said, "I was on a camel that was somewhat

intractable and I began to beat it. The Prophet, may God intractable and I began to beat it. The Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, 'You must be bless him and grant him peace, said, 'You must be compassionate. Whenever there is compassion in compassionate. Whenever there is compassion in something, it adorns it, and whenever it is removed from something, it adorns it, and whenever it is removed from something it disgraces it." something it disgraces it."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of God, may Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, "By the one God bless him and grant him peace, said, "By the one who has my soul in His hand, you will not enter the who has my soul in His hand, you will not enter the Garden until you believe, and you will not believe until Garden until you believe, and you will not believe until you love one another. Shall I point out to you something you love one another. Shall I point out to you something which will make you love one another if you do it? Make which will make you love one another if you do it? Make the greeting widespread among you." [Muslim] the greeting widespread among you." [Muslim]

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may God bless Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, said, "A man visited a brother him and grant him peace, said, "A man visited a brother of his in another village and God positioned an angel to of his in another village and God positioned an angel to wait for him on his way." He mentioned the hadith to his wait for him on his way." He mentioned the hadith to his words, "Allah loves you just as you love him for His sake." words, "Allah loves you just as you love him for His sake." [Muslim] [Muslim]

Getting Closer to GodGetting Closer to God

PrayerPrayer FastingFasting Reciting the Qur’anReciting the Qur’an Tahajjud: Night prayerTahajjud: Night prayer ContemplationContemplation Dhikr: Remembrance of GodDhikr: Remembrance of God Voluntary CharityVoluntary Charity Seeking knowledgeSeeking knowledge

Contemporary Contemporary

IssuesIssues

De-Mystifying the “Cartoon De-Mystifying the “Cartoon Controversy”Controversy”

Cartoons: It is not a freedom of speech Cartoons: It is not a freedom of speech issueissue

How can civilisations initiate a positive How can civilisations initiate a positive debate and dialogue with insultsdebate and dialogue with insults

The Qur’anic framework builds positive The Qur’anic framework builds positive relationshipsrelationships

Freedom of speech doesn’t existFreedom of speech doesn’t exist– Defamation lawsDefamation laws– Libel lawsLibel laws– Hate speechHate speech– PerjuryPerjury

De-Mystfying the Dutch Right De-Mystfying the Dutch Right Wing Calls to Ban the Qur’anWing Calls to Ban the Qur’an

Under the banner of “the war on terror” some European Under the banner of “the war on terror” some European politicians have used the current political narrative to serve politicians have used the current political narrative to serve their intereststheir interests

Right wing politicians are calling for the ban of the Qur’an and Right wing politicians are calling for the ban of the Qur’an and are propagating that Islam as an ideology is inferior to are propagating that Islam as an ideology is inferior to SecularismSecularism

Without a debate or a frank discussion, how can these claims Without a debate or a frank discussion, how can these claims be made?be made?

To highlight the political opportunism – Netherlands under its To highlight the political opportunism – Netherlands under its current political framework suffers from:current political framework suffers from:– 48% increase in robbery48% increase in robbery– 35% increase in violent crime35% increase in violent crime– 24% increase in drug trafficking24% increase in drug trafficking– 105% rise in prison population in the past 10 years (1991-2001)105% rise in prison population in the past 10 years (1991-2001)– 15% increase in homicide15% increase in homicide

Where are the detailed and comprehensive policies on these Where are the detailed and comprehensive policies on these issues? Are they really interested in their people and their issues? Are they really interested in their people and their country?country?

Politicians who advance that secularism is the only way forward Politicians who advance that secularism is the only way forward should be humbled by the statisticsshould be humbled by the statistics

The Correct ApproachThe Correct Approach Many politicians who attack the Qur’an claim that Europe is based Many politicians who attack the Qur’an claim that Europe is based

upon the Judeo-Christian heritage. upon the Judeo-Christian heritage. Can not the following be taken as the basis for violence, hatred Can not the following be taken as the basis for violence, hatred

and oppression?and oppression?– ““If you hear it said about one of the towns the Lord your God is giving If you hear it said about one of the towns the Lord your God is giving

you to live in, that wicked men have arisen among you and have led you to live in, that wicked men have arisen among you and have led the people of their town astray, saying, ‘Let us go and worship other the people of their town astray, saying, ‘Let us go and worship other gods’. Then you must enquire, probe and investigate it thoroughly. gods’. Then you must enquire, probe and investigate it thoroughly. And if it is true and it has proved that this detestable thing has been And if it is true and it has proved that this detestable thing has been done among you, you must certainly put to the sword all who live in done among you, you must certainly put to the sword all who live in that town. Destroy it completely both its people and its livestock.” that town. Destroy it completely both its people and its livestock.” Bible, Deuteronomy 13: 12-16Bible, Deuteronomy 13: 12-16

Dutch Constitution Dutch Constitution Article 97Article 97– (1) All Dutch nationals who are capable of doing so shall have a duty to (1) All Dutch nationals who are capable of doing so shall have a duty to

cooperate in maintaining the independence of the State and defending cooperate in maintaining the independence of the State and defending its territory.its territory.(2) This duty may also be (2) This duty may also be imposedimposed on residents of the Netherlands who on residents of the Netherlands who are not Dutch nationalsare not Dutch nationals

If we use the same line of thinking that the politicians who attack If we use the same line of thinking that the politicians who attack Islam and the Qur’an use, then can it not be concluded that the Islam and the Qur’an use, then can it not be concluded that the above statements can be used as a means to murder, oppress and above statements can be used as a means to murder, oppress and terrorise human beings?terrorise human beings?

However, there is a consensus that this is not the case due to However, there is a consensus that this is not the case due to other principles and concepts. other principles and concepts. This is the way Islam and the Qur’an This is the way Islam and the Qur’an should be viewed too.should be viewed too.

Necessary ToolsNecessary Tools In order to extract law from any secular text, the In order to extract law from any secular text, the

following is required:following is required:– Knowledge of the languageKnowledge of the language– Relevant education in LawRelevant education in Law– Legislative changesLegislative changes– UK Law Rules of Interpretation:UK Law Rules of Interpretation:

Literal Rule:Literal Rule: Literal Meaning of the Words Literal Meaning of the Words Golden Rule:Golden Rule: Take the whole of the statue rather than a few Take the whole of the statue rather than a few

textstexts Purposive Rule:Purposive Rule: Ascertain what the craftsman intended Ascertain what the craftsman intended Mischief Rule:Mischief Rule: Looks at what the circumstances and history Looks at what the circumstances and history

when that law was createdwhen that law was created

This is similar with the Qur’an:This is similar with the Qur’an:– The Qur’an is a source of law and must be treated as suchThe Qur’an is a source of law and must be treated as such– Politicians are in no position to understand the Qur’an Politicians are in no position to understand the Qur’an

with regards to Law, Foreign Policy, Economicswith regards to Law, Foreign Policy, Economics– 1400 years of intellectual scholarship have refined and 1400 years of intellectual scholarship have refined and

developed this process of extracting lawdeveloped this process of extracting law

De-Mystifying Islam & De-Mystifying Islam & WomenWomen

'Not one of us seems to be able to give 100% of themselves to their job and 100% of themselves to their family and 100% of themselves to taking care of themselves.“ Lisa Belkin, 'Life's Work:Confessions of an

Unbalanced Mom'

Two main reasons for this negative Islam & Two main reasons for this negative Islam & Women image:Women image:– The colonial removing of Islam as a reference pointThe colonial removing of Islam as a reference point– The enfranchisement of women an their negative The enfranchisement of women an their negative

treatment – especially during the colonial periodtreatment – especially during the colonial period The impact:The impact:

– Forced marriages, oppression, female genital mutilationForced marriages, oppression, female genital mutilation– Honour killingsHonour killings

The Myth of ‘Equality’:The Myth of ‘Equality’:– Western concept that has developed from its own Western concept that has developed from its own

historyhistory– Flawed: Equality is ill defined as the standard is the manFlawed: Equality is ill defined as the standard is the man– Pressures on womenPressures on women

1100 years this was not a subject of debate

– Right to Vote– Right to Education– Right to be involved in Political Process– Right to Work, Profession and Equal Wage (Doctor, Lawyer, Accountant,

Professor, Engineer, Civil Servant, CEO of company, etc…)– Right to Own Property– Right to choose in Marriage

"A Muslim who has two daughters whom he treats well when they accompany him or when he accompanies them is admitted to Paradise“

A woman came to the Prophet of Islam stating her father had given her in marriage against her wishes to his nephew. So the Prophet gave her the choice of repudiating

the marriage“The most perfect in faith amongst believers is he who is best and kindest to his wife.”

A man came to the Prophet and said, ‘O Messenger of God! Who among the people is the most worthy of my good companionship? The Prophet said: Your mother. The man said, ‘Then who?' The Prophet said: Then your mother. The man further asked, ‘Then who?' The Prophet said: Then your mother. The man asked again, ‘Then who?' The

Prophet said: Then your father.

De-Mystifying Islam & WomenDe-Mystifying Islam & WomenEquality in Islam

• Same in humanity, but rights and responsibilities differ in areas; equality not considered

De-Mystifying JihadDe-Mystifying JihadAll nations seek to protect themselves and promote their values and influence

FOREIGN POLICY (2 Main Stages – Only via a legitimate Islamic State)

1. Invitation to belief (intellectual engagement)2. Material Engagement to remove the obstacle

No Guantanamo Bay No Terrorism No Abu Ghraib No exploitation Torture prohibited – Bush vetoed outlawing of ‘waterboarding’

"The U.S.A. has supplied arms, security equipment and training to governments and armed groups that have committed torture, political killings and other human rights abuses in countries around the

world.”

"If they turn on the radars we're going to blow up their goddamn SAMs (surface-to-air missiles).They know we own their country. We own their airspace... We dictate the way they live and talk.

And that's what's great about America right now. It's a good thing, especially when there's a lot of oil

out there we need." - U.S. Brig. General William Looney

300 years Colonial History: France in Africa UK in Africa, Indian Sub-continent, Americas, Australasia Netherlands in Indonesia (East Indies Company) – massacre in Aceh Plundered wealth, exploited, racism, brutality, massacres, denial of rights

Islamic View: To Remove Oppression & Injustice

De-Mystifying Science & De-Mystifying Science & ProgressProgress

“Lack of scientific development and progress in the Muslim world attributed to Islam”

CHEMISTRY• Experimental Method • Chemical Processes such as Sublimation, Liquefaction, Oxidisation, Crystallisation, Filtration• Distillation of Petroleum• Production of Kerosene, Antiseptics, Soaps• Apparatus such as Alembic, Still• Perfumery• Guns/Explosives

MATHEMATICS• Arabic Numbers• Spherical & Analytical Trigonometry • Algebra • ‘0’• Algorithms• Determining roots of quadratic equation• Geometry

PHYSICS/ENGINEERING• Force, Motion and Light • Hydrostatics• Hydraulic apparatus• Elasticity of air• Magnetic Needle• Science of Optics • Spherical & parabolic mirrors

"The debt of our science to that of the Arabs does not consist in startling discoveries or revolutionary theories, science owes a great deal more to Arab culture, it owes its existence.” Robert Briffault, "Making of Humanity"

Jabir ibn Haiyan, al-Kindi, al-Khwarizmi, al-Fargani, al-Razi, Thabit ibn Qurra, al-Battani, Hunain ibn Ishaq, al-Farabi, Ibrahim ibn Sinan, al-Masudi, ibn Sina

There was a civilization that was the greatest in the world. It was able to create a continental super-state that stretched from ocean to ocean, and from northern climes to tropics and deserts. Within

its dominion lived hundreds of millions of people, of different creeds and ethnic origins.

One of its languages became the universal language of much of the world, the bridge between the peoples of a hundred lands. Its armies were made up of people of many nationalities, and its

military protection allowed a degree of peace and prosperity that had never been known.

The reach of this civilization's commerce extended from Latin America to China, and everywhere in between.

And this civilization was driven more than anything, by invention. Its architects designed buildings that defied gravity. Its

mathematicians created the algebra and algorithms that would enable the building of computers, and the creation of encryption. Its doctors examined the human body, and found new cures for

disease. Its astronomers looked into the heavens, named the stars, and paved the way for space travel and exploration…

Ex-CEO of HP - CARLY FIORINA - SEPTEMBER 2001"WHAT DOES OUR FUTURE DEMAND OF LEADERS TODAY?"

When other nations were afraid of ideas, this civilization thrived on them, and kept them alive. When censors threatened to wipe out

knowledge from past civilizations, this civilization kept the knowledge alive, and passed it on to others.

While modern Western civilization shares many of these traits, the civilization I'm talking about was the Islamic world from the year

800 to 1600, which included the Ottoman (Caliphate)…

Although we are often unaware of our indebtedness to this other civilization, its gifts are very much a part of our heritage. The

technology industry would not exist without the contributions of Arab mathematicians. It was leadership based on meritocracy, not inheritance. It was leadership that harnessed the full capabilities of

a very diverse population-that included Christianity, Islamic, and Jewish traditions.

This kind of enlightened leadership - leadership that nurtured culture, sustainability, diversity and courage - led to 800 years of

invention and prosperity.

In dark and serious times like this, we must affirm our commitment to building societies and institutions that aspire to this kind of

greatness.

Thank you!Thank you!

Email: [email protected]: [email protected] Mobile: 07988850946Mobile: 07988850946

www.theinimitablequran.comwww.theinimitablequran.com hamzatzortzis.blogspot.comhamzatzortzis.blogspot.com

Alhamdulillahir Rabbil’AlameenAlhamdulillahir Rabbil’Alameen[All Praises & Thanks Due to the Lord of the [All Praises & Thanks Due to the Lord of the

Worlds]Worlds]