WHAT IS HEART DISEASE? A general term that covers a number of diseases which affect the heart, including coronary artery disease, heart- failure and angina.
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WHAT IS HEART DISEASE? A general term that covers a number of
diseases which affect the heart, including coronary artery disease,
heart- failure and angina.
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UNDERSTANDING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Cardiovascular system
includes: the heart, arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules,
and veins The heart Muscular, four chambered pump Contracts 100,000
times per day Two upper chambers: atria Two lower chambers:
ventricles Tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves
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HEART FUNCTION Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium From
the right atrium blood moves to the right ventricle, pumped through
the pulmonary artery to the lungs Oxygen blood enters the left
atrium Blood from the left atrium is forced into the left ventricle
The left ventricle pumps blood through the aorta to various parts
of the body
RISK FACTORS Hypertension Hypercholesterolemia diabetes obesity
high dietary salt alcohol and cigarette consumption insufficient
physical activities and stress
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GOOD VS. BAD CHOLESTEROL LDL is known as bad cholesterol. It
has a tendency to increase risk of CHD. LDLs are a major component
of the atherosclerotic plaque that clogs arteries. Levels should
be
HDL is known as the good cholesterol. It helps carry some of
the bad cholesterol out of the body. It does not have the tendency
to clog arteries. Levels should be >35. GOOD VS. BAD
CHOLESTEROL
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REDUCING YOUR RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Risk factors you
can control Avoid tobacco Cut back on saturated fat and cholesterol
Maintain a healthy weight Modify dietary habits Exercise regularly
Control diabetes Control blood pressure Systolic upper number
Diastolic lower number Manage stress
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REDUCING YOUR RISK FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES Risk factors you
cannot control Heredity Age Gender Race
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CORONARY HEART DISEASE Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a
disease in which a waxy substance called plaque builds up inside
the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to
your heart muscle. When plaque builds up in the arteries, the
condition is called atherosclerosis. The buildup of plaque occurs
over many years.atherosclerosis Occurs when the coronary arteries
that supply the heart muscle become blocked. Partially blocked it
causes angina. Fully blocked it causes a myocardial infarction or a
heart attack!
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If the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your heart muscle is
reduced or blocked, angina or a heart attack (MI) can
occur.anginaheart attack Over time, CHD can weaken the heart muscle
and lead to heart failure and arrhythmias.heart failurearrhythmias
Heart failure is a condition in which your heart can't pump enough
blood to meet your bodys needs. Arrhythmias are problems with the
rate or rhythm of the heartbeat.
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COMMON BLOOD VESSEL DISORDERS
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Thrombus blood clot Embolus free flowing clot Aneurysm bulging
or burst blood vessel Transient ischemic attack (TIA) brief
interruptions that cause temporary impairment
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ARRYTHMIAS An irregularity in heart rhythm Tachycardia racing
heart in the absence of exercise or anxiety Bradycardia abnormally
slow heartbeat Fibrillation heart beat is sporadic, quivering
pattern
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CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE (CHF) Damaged or overworked heart
muscle is unable to keep blood circulating normally Damage to heart
muscle may result from: rheumatic fever, pneumonia, heart attack,
or other cardiovascular problem Lack of proper circulation may
allow blood to accumulate in the vessels of the legs, ankles, or
lungs Diuretics relieve fluid accumulation
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CONGENITAL AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE Congenital heart disease
affects 1 out of 125 children born May be due to hereditary
factors, maternal diseases, or chemical intake (alcohol) during
fetal development Rheumatic heart disease results from rheumatic
fever which affects connective tissue
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ANGINA PECTORIS Angina is chest pain or discomfort. It may feel
like pressure or squeezing in your chest. The pain also can occur
in your shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or back. Angina pain may even
feel like indigestion. A heart attack occurs if the flow of
oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle is cut off. If blood
flow isnt restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to
die. Without quick treatment, a heart attack can lead to serious
health problems or death.
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DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR ANGINA 1- EKG(Electrocardiogram) 2- Stress
testing 3- Chest X-ray 4- Computed Tomography Angiography 5- Blood
Tests Blood testsBlood tests check the levels of certain fats,
cholesterol, sugar, and proteins in your blood. Abnormal levels may
show that you have risk factors for CHD. Your doctor may recommend
a blood test to check the level of a protein called C-reactive
protein (CRP) in your blood. Some studies suggest that high levels
of CRP in the blood may increase the risk for CHD and heart
attack.
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STROKE Common Stroke Warning Signs and Symptoms Sudden numbness
or weakness of the face, arm, or leg especially on one side of the
body. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding. Sudden
trouble seeing in one or both eyes. Sudden trouble walking,
dizziness, loss of balance or coordination. Sudden severe headache
with no known cause.
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HYPERTENSION High blood pressure has no warning signs or
symptoms, and many people do not know they have it. High blood
pressure raises your risk for heart disease and stroke,heart
diseasestroke High blood pressure is called the "silent killer"
because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people
do not know they have it. Rarely, high blood pressure can cause
symptoms like headaches or vomiting.
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CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS Aspirin: inhibits platelet aggregation.
used in low dose for secondary prevention following MI, stroke,
angina Beta-blockers: used in angina, hypertension, post MI
Diuretics: used in hypertension and heart failure(loop diuretics)
Vasodilators: used in heart failure, ischemic heart disease and
hypertension