What is grid system? ‣The practice of using a grid to guide design and page layout is nearly a century old ‣ In the 1910s and 1920s, ornamental design gave way to Rationalism and New Objectivity ‣ This shift in design was part of a much larger movement towards function over form ‣ Helvetica typeface and Bauhaus architecture
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
What is grid system?
‣The practice of using a grid to guide design andpage layout is nearly a century old
‣ In the 1910s and 1920s, ornamental design gaveway to Rationalism and New Objectivity
‣ This shift in design was part of a much largermovement towards function over form
‣ Helvetica typeface and Bauhaus architecture
Grid systems on the web
‣ On the web, grid systems usually take the form of CSS frameworks
‣ A framework is a reusable abstraction of codewrapped in a well-defined API”1
‣ A collection of tools and shortcuts designed tominimize code and make your life easier
CSS frameworks
‣ Apply the principles of software frameworks toweb design
‣ They provide standardized rules and shortcuts for: ‣ browser resets ‣ typography ‣ navigation ‣ print style ‣ and...
Layout
• When applied to web design, grid systems are CSS
• frameworks that provides standardized rules and
• shortcuts for building a website’s layout
Why use a grid system?
1) Saves time2) Saves money
3) Reduces frustration
Stop reinventing the wheel
‣ Reduces the amount of CSS and markup you need to duplicate each time you start a project
‣ No need to refer to old projects to figure out how to implement layouts
How do grid systems work?
Columns ‣ Grid systems are built using columns ‣ Columns are a grid system’s smallest unitof measurement
‣ Most grid systems contain 12–16 columns
Column width
‣ Page regions (header,content, sidebars, etc.)are defined by column width
‣ As in: “The header is eight columns wide”Gutters (margins)
‣ Margins or padding are used to create guttersbetween columns
‣ These gutters provide margins between pageregions
Lean and versatile CSS
‣ A grid system’s CSS should: ‣ Be lean and efficient ‣ Be versatile and reusable ‣ Ensure consistent behavior across all commonbrowsers — even IE6
Wrapping <div> elements
‣ In fixed-width grid systems, the entire layout iswrapped inside a single <div> element
‣ <div> elements wrap the page regions and definetheir widths according to the number of columnsthey span
‣ These <div> elements may be nested to createregions within regions
Floating <div> elements
‣ The wrapping <div> elements are assigneda column width using a CSS class
‣ Because these classes also float the elements,they simply fall into place on the page
What can grid systems look like?
Other one
The Mondriaan
How 960.gs works12-column version
16-column version
Using both versions simultaneously
‣ You can use 12-column classes inside a 16-columngrid — and vice versa
‣ This is possible because 12 and 16 are bothmultiples of 2 and 4
‣ 2 * 6 = 12 2 * 8 = 16‣ ‣ 4 * 3 = 12 4 * 4 = 16‣
‣ In other words, when you divide the layout into halves and quarters, you can use 12- and 16- column version simultaneously
‣ Watch what happens when you lay one grid on top of the other:
CSS and markup
Containers ‣ Grids must be wrapped in a container <div> ‣ Containers center the content and definewhich version of the grid will be implemented
Grids
‣ Grids are held inside containers and arefloated left so they fall into place automatically
‣ They also provide 10px margins on the left andright
Grid widths
‣ The width of each grid is determined by thecontainer that wraps it
‣ For example, a one column grid is either60px or 40px depending on whetherit’s a 12- or 16-column layout
‣ Note that grid width does not increase by 60px or 40px each time
‣ Each increase must account for the 20px gutter between grids
Putting containers and grids together
Prefixes and suffixes ‣ If you want to leave space between columns, use a prefix or suffix class
‣ Prefix classes add padding to the left of a column
‣ Suffix classes add padding to the right
Adding a prefix and suffix
Multiple rows
Multiple rows: markup
Alpha and omega fix broken nesting
‣ When nesting grids, use the alpha and omegaclasses to remove the margins
‣ alpha removes the left margin. It’s the first nested grid. ‣ omega removes the right margin. It’s the lastnested grid.
Push and pull classes
‣ Content-first layout can be achieved in Nine Sixty by “pushing” the content grid to the right while “pulling” a sidebar to the left
‣ These classes use the same naming conventionas .grid-X, .prefix-X, and .suffix-X, where X is the grid’s width:
‣ .push-X and .pull-X
‣ Push and pull values should match the grid value of the opposite grid
Before adding push and pull
After adding push and pull
When not to use a grid
‣ Implementing a grid will probably be impossible if your site’s layout...
‣ uses irregular column sizes ‣ has irregular margins or gutters ‣ has a width that isn’t divisible by a sane number