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WHAT IS GOING ONIN VIETNAM?
Randy Barker
IRRI Nov 15, 2013
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Chart 1: LAND REFORM IN ASIA
JAPAN 1945 – following World War II
TAIWAN 1953
– “land to the tiller”
CHINA 1977 – decollectivization ofagriculture
VIETNAM 1985- 87 – doi moi and 1987
land law – decollectivization
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DOI MOI: 1980s and 1990s
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Policy changes and paddy production, 1975
-
2002
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Years
T h o u s a n d t o n s
C o n t r a c t f a r m i n g
L a n d L a w 1 9 8 7
L a n d L a w 1 9 9 3
D o i
M o i
L i b e r a l i z a t i o n o f
m a r k
e t s
W a t e r L a w 1 9 9 8
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MANAGING THE WATER IN
THE MEKONG DELTA
1990s – 2000s
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0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
( 0 0 0 M T )
Year
Source : USDA
VIETNAM RICE EXPORTS 1990-2012
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Mekong Delta
1975
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Bach Nguu (2000) Cau Sap (1996)
Thanh Tri (1995)
Cai Trau (1994) My Phuoc (1994)
Mekong: conflict over fresh vs. brackish water
Bac Lieu province
Saline water
Fresh water
Chu Chi (1997) Lang Tram (1998)
Pho Sinh (1998) Vinh My (1997)
Ca Mau (2000)
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1994 1998 1999 2000 2001
Rice 429 1024 1025 638 588
Seafood 551 858 971 1475 1800
Value in US$ million
Vietnam value of exports of rice and seafood, 1994-2001
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CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE:
Part 1
LAND REFORM – 2003 land law,
farm size “the State owns the land”
RICE EXPORTS – power of the state
owned enterprises (SOEs)
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Chart 5: Percent labor force in agriculture and the
percent of agriculture in GDP, Vietnam,
1982 to 2011.
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Chart 6: Trends in the percentage of the labor force in
agriculture and the percentage of agriculture in
GDP from 1960 to 2008 for (a) Taiwan, and (b)
the Philippines.
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RICE –
BASED FARMING SYSTEMS “We know that farmers cannot get rich
by rice. But market/price/farm to
market are not yet in place. The valuechain is particularly bad. It favors thetraders at the expense of the farmersinterest and livelihood”.
T. P. Tuong October 2013 commentingon the situation in Vietnam.
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WHICH COUNTRY HAS THE
HIGHEST YIELD PER HECTARE?• I
INDONESIA
PHILIPPINES
THAILAND
VIETNAM
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
H g / H a
T h o u s a n d s
Year
Indonesia
Philippines
Thailand
Viet Nam
Rice yield per hectare
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CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE
Part 2
HYDROPOWER – impact of dams
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE –
rising sea level
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Map 2: Mekong river
M 3 E h d l i f h d d
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Map 3: Each dot represents location of a hydropower dam
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Chart 6. Competition among users and uses
Hydro-power
Flood control
Urban-industry Agriculture
Fisheries
Environment
China
Myanmar
Thailand Laos
Cambodia
Vietnam
d l f
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Mega-river deltas of Asia
50% of rice production growth in last
25 years came from delta countries
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ParametersAyeyarwady,
Myanmar
Ganges-
Brahmaputra,
Bangladesh
Mekong,
Vietnam
Yield (t/ha) 2.1 3.8 5.3
Cropping intensity
(%)120 150 200
Gross Value
($/crop/ha)
590 710 1,500
Land (ha/capita) 0.23 0.06 0.07
Source: Social Sciences Division, IRRI, survey data, 2010
Chart 7. Profile of three Asia rice-growing
deltas
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