What is a Scientific Presentation ?

Scientific Presentation

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Today’s Agenda

• Aims of Scientific Presentation

• Scientific Presentation Skills • Planning a presentation• Making oral presentation• Handling questions

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Aims of Scientific Presentation

Importance of scientific presentation

• Important means of communicating scientific information

• A straight and interactive way to make your scientific outcomes understood

• A basic skill for graduate research and your further research career

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Aims of Scientific PresentationElement 2Title Presentation of Dissertation ProposalTask details You are required to present your dissertation proposal and to defend your research approach. You

will have 10 minutes to make a presentation to your supervisor. You should aim to have approximately 5-6 slides and leave 3 minutes for questions. An electronic copy of your slides must be submitted through Turn It In in Blackboard in PDF format by Friday of the week in which this element is due.

Marking Guide

Criteria Issues mark marking breakdown where appropriate

Quality of Presentation

Quality of slides (5)

Clarity and readability of information of slides (5)

Structure and coherence of presentation (5)

Ability to respond to questions and to defend proposal (5)

20 Quality of Presentation

Total 20

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Group discussion

• What characterizes a good oral presentation

• What characterizes a bad presentation

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A good presentation …

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A good presentation …

• Audience can understand your work, be convinced and interested in your work, and inspired!

• Content are well organized, clear, to the point

• Good presentations reflect well on speaker!

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A bad presentation …


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A bad presentation …

• Audience won’t see your work is great

• Slides are neither understandable nor easy to see

• Not good impression on speaker

Scientific Presentation Skills

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Workflow of Presentation

Make presentation

Handle questions

Plan presentation

Scientific Presentation Skills

Planning a presentation• Thinking about the aim• Developing presentation structure• Preparing presentation slides

Making oral presentation• Structuring presentation• Conducting presentation

Handling questions• Answering questions• Acting as opponent

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Planning a Presentation

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Before preparing contents/slides of presentation, always think about what is the aim of your presentation

Thinking about the aim first

• What is the overall goal of my presentation?

• To understand my research work• …

• What is the title of my presentation?

• Specific to my research work


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Ask yourself

• What are the main points /key messages I want to make to the audience?

• 1, 2,3, …• I, II, III, …• a, b, c, …

• To which details ?• Include enough detail to make presentation understandable• Not including so much details which fails to fit within the

time assigned


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Ask yourself

• What do I want the audience to do after listening to my presentation?

• Comments / advice / suggestions to my research

• Who, where, and when am I making the presentation?• Who is the audience? How many people will there be in the audience?• What are the benefits to the audience of my speech?• What do the audience know of the subject?• How does this change my approach?• What aspects will they be interested in?• Where will the presentation take place? Equipment do you need like

laptop, data storage, whiteboard, projector, laser pointer, etc?• What time am I presenting? How long will be my speech?• …


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Ask yourself


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Thinking about the aim

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yz-xbMrSF1U

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Developing presentation structure


• What to say

• In what order

• Title• Outline • Introduction/background• Arguments/motivations• Aim and objectives• Approach • Results• Conclusions• Future work

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Developing presentation structure


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Group discussion

• What characterizes good presentation slides

• How will you prepare presentation slides

• Convey key information • Contain appropriate level of details• Be clear, concise, readable and understandable• Be interesting and avoid boring• Avoid over stimulation

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Principles of slide design


Preparing presentation slides

• Layout

Try to use a consistent layout on all (or most) of your slides to make your presentations easier to understand

Placing heading at the same position Use bullets and font sizes in a consistent way Placing figures in relation to text in a consistent way

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Guidelines for making slides – (1)


• Font size

Be noted that you are close to the projector while your audience is far from the screen - make sure the audience sitting at the rear can read clearly

Font should never be smaller than 18 points; If the font size has reached less than 18 point, try to Remove some of the text Split up the text and put it on separate slides

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• Use headings

Each slide has a short heading showing to which part of the presentation it belongs

Help audience to keep track of what aspect you are talking about at a particular moment

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• Use short expressions

Do not put all the text, code, or explanation directly onto the slides

Use short expressions rather than sentences, but not be cryptic

Always explain shortened phrases on the slides

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• Highlight/emphasis

If having a lot of text on a slide is unavoidable (e.g. showing quotes), highlight important words or concepts using color, boldface or underlining

Help audience to grasp the meaning quickly

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• Use bullets well organized

Organize the levels of Hierarchy do you think

– You need to express Your point

Use indentation and Keep consistent across all slide

– Decrease font size With nested level of list

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• Know slide boundaries

Audience cannot read text that runs off the side of the slides

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• Color and contracts guidelines

White background, black text is clearest– Can use other dark text color– But be careful – do not be distracting

Make sure to not use light-on-white or white-on-light

Do not using glaring colors– If not an art major, do not have to get fancy

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• Numbering slides

Put a small slide number in the lower right hand corner of each slide

The number should be small and sufficiently close to the edge of the slide not be confused with the contents

Any one asking questions after your presentation can refer to the slide number in the question

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• Use visuals

Graphs, charts, maps, drawings, models, Images, photos, video, films, etc

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earth

moon orbit`searth

last (third)quarter

gibbous moon

full moon

gibbous moon

first quarter

crescent

new moon

crescent

waning Moon

waxing Moon

SUN


Forms of visual


• Use visuals

To illustrate points easier to understand in visual form but difficult in a verbal form - reinforce ideas and facilitate interpretation

To focus the audience’s attention, involve and motivate the audience

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Why use visualisation techniques



• Use visuals

Graphs can also be enemy Simplify graph and make audience easy to catch Explain it - Pick a line, any line

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Use graphs properly


• Equations Do you really need all those equations?

– If you don’t need them, do not use them; complex equations make audience lost

– If you do need them, keep it simple; give a plain-text description of it. Do not get into too much details

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• Results Do not show lots of results

– Give a simple description/summary of it. Do not get into too much details

– Graphs are helpful

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• Notes/manuscripts

Write down what you are going to say will – help practicing – Avoid losing points

Mainly used for practicing before presentation rather than during presentation

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2sgD_mO70Y

• A typical presentation has three parts

• The beginning (Introduction)• The middle (body)• The end (conclusion)

Making Oral Presentation

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Structuring your presentation – (1)

• The Beginning

• Get the audience’s attention or signal the beginning• Greet audience• Introduce yourself


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• The Beginning (cont’d)

• Give title and introduce subject• Give your objectives (purpose, aim, goal)• Announce your outline• Make a transition between the introduction and the body


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• The Middle

• Sequencing your ideas• Keeping audience’s attention• Signposting or signaling where you are• Linking ideas, sections/making transitions


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• The End

• Brief summary of what you have talked• A short conclusion• Thanks to audience for listening• A invitation to ask questions, make comments or open a

discussion


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Group discussion

• What skills are important in making presentation?

• Your attitude Are you interested and confident about your topic?

– If no, get another one– If you, act like it

If you are not excited, you cannot expect audience to be.

Do not talk down to audience– You know more than them about this topic– They know more than you about other stuff

Practice makes perfect– Rehearse in front of other people and seek feedback


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Guideline for conducting presentation – (1)

• Creating interest and establishing a relationship with audience Arouse listeners’ interest from the beginning. E.g., In the

introduction show how your subject affects or may affect their lives

Other techniques are:– Give an unusual fact or statistic– Use words like you, we, us, our– Illustrate with a real life story– Ask audience to do something, e.g. “raise your hand if you know”– Ask audience direct or rhetorical questions– Speaker should be lively and enthusiastic– Use a variety of media sources


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• Talk to the audience and avoid dead man talking Avoid talking to the floor, to the wall or to the screen Avoid hiding behind the podium Avoid back to the audience Avoid staring at anyone Avoid hand/face motionless


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• Show the slides properly Avoid showing a slide for just one or two second before

going on to the next slide

Audience are new to your talk, give people sufficient time to grasp the information


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• Explain things Do not expect the audience to find out things for themselves

by reading the slide

Avoid reading word by word from slides, and do not treat slides as part of manuscripts

Make your presentation more explanatory and clearly explain each slide what it shows

Give more explanations on visuals like graphs, tables, etc


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• Explain things Being precise in what you say helps the audience

understand it quickly

Being concise is to use the briefest possible way of expressing you message, without losing any clarity


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• Body language Eye contact, facial expressions, posture, movements,

gestures.

A nature part of communication– to clarify meaning; it is very visual– to vent nervousness– to maintain interest– to emphasize and regulate


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• Body language (Cont’d)

Constant eye contact to keep audiences’ attention

Natural and friendly facial expressions and smile!

Posture: stand straight but relaxed

Movement and gesture: to indicate a change of focus, keep audience’s attention


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Positive body language

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSZfqCBUpOs

• Body language (Cont’d)

x Loss of eye contact: looking at notes, screen, board, floor.x Stare, or look blankly into people’s eyesx Nervous ticksx Movement: slouch or lean, block the screen, swaying back

and forth like a pendulum, a set of “moves” that repeat during talk

x Gesture: hands in pocket, point at laptop screen (audience cannot see it)


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Negative body language

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXFIJ8Sm2N0

• Use a pointing device or stick Find out how the device works before your talk

Point to where you are explaining

Do not point at everything in the screen


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• Keep an eye on time Use your allocated time well

Practice before presentation to ensure you can deliver the talk on time


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• Monitor the tempo Do not talk too fast or too slow

Vary temp or voice to emphasize certain things

Handling Questions

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Answering questions

• Be as clear as possible in your replies

• Clarify the question if necessary

• Do not try to avoid answering the question

• Preparing for the defence

Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Asking critical questions to

Judge whether presenter can defend the work Test whether the work is solid and can withstand

critical examination

The role of opponent

Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Problem statementHas the author explained the problem that is to be

investigated in a clear and understandable way?Has the author provided convincing arguments for the need

to investigate this problem?Has the author provided convincing arguments that

conducting the investigation will lead to the possibility of obtaining a solution, or increasing our understanding of the problem domain?

Questions you might ask

Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Aims and objectivesHas the author identified a specific aim to be achieved in the

project? Is the identified aim explained in a clear and understandable

way?Has the author derived a list of specific objectives from the

aim?Are the objectives presented in a clear and structured way?Do the objectives support the aim, i.e. will fulfilling all the

objectives lead to the aim being achieved?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Method Has the author clearly identified and explained the methods that could

potentially be used in the investigation? Has the author provided an insightful discussion of advantages and

disadvantages of each potential method for the investigation? Has the author clearly stated which method (or methods) was selected

for the investigation? Has the author provided convincing arguments for the selected

method(s)? Has the author described clearly how the selected method(s) will be

applied?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Data Has the author presented the collected data in a clear,

understandable, systematic and correct way?

Is the collected data sufficient, given the stated aims and objectives of the project?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• AnalysisHas the author made a thorough and systematic analysis of

the data obtained? Is the analysis described in a clear and understandable way? If the data are quantitative, has the author applied

significance tests or other numerical evaluation techniques in a relevant and correct way?

Has the author evaluated the stated aims and objectives in the light of the data obtained?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• ConclusionsHas the author provided conclusions that are relevant, given

the stated aims and objectives? If the work contains one or more hypotheses, does the

author draw conclusions about whether these hypotheses are supported or falsified by the results?

Has the author provided valid arguments for the stated conclusions?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Discussion and future workHas the author discussed the work in an insightful way, and

thereby placed the work into a wider context?

Has the author identified relevant and plausible continuations of the work?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Overall assessmentWere the objectives of the project fulfilled?Was the aim of the project reached? Has the project furthered our understanding of the problem

investigated? Will this work be useful in the future? Is the report well structured and understandable? Is the report well written?


Handling Questions

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Acting as opponent

• Additional questionsDoes the author have a critical viewpoint, i.e. have sources

used in the work been critically evaluated by the author?Have terms of importance to the report been clearly

defined? Is the use of terms and definitions consistent throughout the

report? Is it clear when something is the author’s own work, and

when it is someone else’s work?


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What is a Scientific Presentation ?

Education

presentation slides

presentation structure

presentation understandable

workflow of presentation

coherence of presentation

contentsslides of presentation

good presentation audience

good oral presentation