What is a MINERAL? Chapter 3 – Minerals of the Earth A mineral is SOLID NONLIVING (inorganic) material found in the Earth naturally occurring Definite.

Chapter 3 – Minerals of the Earth

•A mineral is •SOLID•NONLIVING (inorganic) material•found in the Earth•naturally occurring•Definite chemical makeup•Definite crystalline structure

http://youtu.be/rTXSwnkieZc6 min What is a Mineral? Geology Kitchen 1

http://youtu.be/rTXSwnkieZc

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WWy2aDS7ORTjqM&tbnid=F0Ly0LxUdxgv3M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.tightrope.it/nicolaus/origins.htm&ei=coIrUeiPIZHK9gTLx4CwAQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNEh2HIYCMmtnWvbh8OflN5qbm6Lvw&ust=1361892319962579

What is a MINERAL?What is a MINERAL?•Elements

•Smallest building blocks of matter•Natural substance•Cannot be broken down into simpler substances

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=-KVpCfhROFJQrM&tbnid=0lUYzABboNRrFM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://ratw.asu.edu/aboutrocks_whatarerocks.html&ei=E4MrUZHAM4Xe8ASmnIBI&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNH5HrkFKBe62700p4f9oPHUkou4aQ&ust=1361892476440949

MineralsMost of the minerals of the Earth’s crust are made up of only 8 elements.

Most common elements - •Oxygen•Silicon•Aluminum

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ypuWHr3QCT7paM&tbnid=Tn9Ap9hRW8KMSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jmpares/Minerals.html&ei=i4MrUa3BEJK08ATO1ICoBg&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHzybvKw1uiKDRbcX6v4BQRgeY4bg&ust=1361892554439000

Minerals•Cannot be formed from a living thing - inorganic•Found in nature•Solid

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=z2iyvRL511u5dM&tbnid=tLFiSZVFZEQm-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://sciencedomatterbygenicav.blogspot.com/2012/06/rocks-minerals-importance-and-its-uses.html&ei=MY4rUfzvL5C_0QGx7IHQBQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFH6FRGE4eUj6Kvy7kU4JuS8mAmDA&ust=1361895310855778

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=nJvBI16-5U7nSM&tbnid=lCPt82-jhHqTCM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://dailywicca.com/2012/05/26/gem-minerals-colors-attributes/&ei=WY4rUe7QJuWE0QHRyoHgBQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFH6FRGE4eUj6Kvy7kU4JuS8mAmDA&ust=1361895310855778

Feldspar

•Most common mineral in Earth’s crust•Silicon, aluminum, & oxygen

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xr70h34JjenA2M&tbnid=TUTP4Bt00x1LzM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/resources/collection/minerals/minerals/pages/M27-Feldspar-O.htm&ei=2YMrUZbXKYTA9QS_yYD4CA&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHTbxY_C0kRS0QJu02AkPA4iWfIZQ&ust=1361892674145116

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=SsEh85ItwZU5iM&tbnid=iwMTIVk2ivZK4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/1Minerals/1IgneousMineralz/Feldspars.html&ei=SIUrUbviG4vc8AT-mYDYAQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHG_GvnS9qXHJ_0RX_n10bVP3qEww&ust=1361893024026015

Quartz•2nd most common mineral in Earth’s crust•Silicon & oxygen

Crystals•Elements are arranged in a regular pattern

http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTableDisplay/Samples/083.2/index.s15.html

http://www.theodoregray.com/PeriodicTableDisplay/Tiles/083/s12.JPG

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gvyR8tVEpR1iVM&tbnid=F5HN-cP5yJPQAM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://imgur.com/r/pics/weyRPJc&ei=jowrUfrLArK20QHQpYGICw&bvm=bv.42768644,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNH9HGfjQxtZQvwqkk8sOfaXhsBJnw&ust=1361894905994975

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=U81y4XYVXBUKLM&tbnid=CktdvKtBxJc5IM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://amansciencelab.blogspot.com/2011_03_01_archive.html&ei=PLosUffENoG88wS5rYGwDg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHzaItOwF7BQF5EIDW65xGtO5cUdw&ust=1361972131167717

Groups of MineralsBased on chemical composition

Silicate Minerals Nonsilicate Minerals

Dioptase is hydrous copper silicate, CuSiO2(OH)2. It usually occurs in bright green crystals in the oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Silicate Minerals•Made of silicon, oxygen, potassium & aluminum•Makes up more than 90% of the Earth’s crust

•Quartz – basic building blocks of many rocks

http://youtu.be/yP6kpQmRShg3 ½ min Silicates Minerals Photos & music Silicates! Color description and Hardness

http://youtu.be/yP6kpQmRShg

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q_Ntwav_zwSjyM&tbnid=bIGIimziXhHX-M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1367149/Could-quartz-hold-key-predicting-earthquakes-volcanoes.html&ei=VZ8rUZX1HYPK9gS1m4HoCw&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHd0ouIJhXL2qbPPAwHlffZ89jHPw&ust=1361899714163357

•Feldspar – main component of most rocks

Silicate Minerals

http://www.palaminerals.com/db_search.php?action=mineraldetail&inventory_number=17191

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=9RFTXTrG9PJpeM&tbnid=grDO1XOC7sPQJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.rocksforkids.com/R&M/feldspar.htm&ei=m7grUaavFIKg8gTzp4DgCA&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNEHAM8FwaTuxdvuom0bgDrfRyRAIA&ust=1361906177144879

Silicate Minerals•Mica – separate easily into thin sheets

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=SKu5lD954l4tGM&tbnid=3-2gXB90-L-ZeM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://mineralogydesign.blogspot.com/2011/01/i-love-mica.html&ei=Y7krUZ3bC4LA8ATSxoCYAQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNG3gRed_vdYd4GBAGVgVRh-tzMK3w&ust=1361906263934676

Nonsilicate Minerals

http://youtu.be/TwgGPtqZnQc5 min Non silicates MineralsPhotos & music only

http://youtu.be/TwgGPtqZnQc

Nonsilicate Minerals•Carbonates – Calcite – used in cement/concrete

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=T8WqGfkPzpXTRM&tbnid=vxLTfv9mlHQGfM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.mineralminers.com/html/calmins.stm&ei=1rkrUfrZMoq88ATVg4DgBQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNE7uVuMymB3pHp2AHFVHU3gam2tQQ&ust=1361906512195685

http://www.realgems.org/edelsteine_liste/pic/big%20calcite%2006.jpg

http://www.realgems.org/edelsteine_liste/pic/big%20calcite%2022.jpg

Nonsilicate Minerals•Halides – salts – sodium chloride, fluorite

Halite – table salt Fluorite

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=rIYXx5wVuA-eWM&tbnid=QKBoeJFJdC3MvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.fluoritesite.com/Chemisty%20&%20Composition.html&ei=2LsrUce3GIm-9gTAj4CwBQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNFc4lZPYsUZ1s6BulCT21AO7_BobQ&ust=1361907026175980

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MyMbaJL0PuqFVM&tbnid=oUIe75jLz33pGM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.redorbit.com/education/reference_library/earth/minerals/2575148/salt_halite/&ei=ibwrUd6TDIaQ9QTXz4CwAw&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNEa_OZcDJRS_bC8KhJvSZ-Nv6is7g&ust=1361907082158873

Nonsilicate Minerals•Oxides – Corundum - ruby & sapphire (gemstones)

Corundum with calcite

Ruby is the red variety of the corundum mineral, one of the hardest minerals on Earth which also includes Sapphire. Pure corundum is colorless.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GOCSU-jXaNALtM&tbnid=OP_ZPNEljRO89M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.thekaratpatch.info/ruby%20-%20The%20Karat%20Patch%20Big%20Spring,%20Texas.htm&ei=tsYrUdaVOOqP0QH424H4Cg&bvm=bv.42768644,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNEDX7RpNFCSvqudckqxiWUjMmBeBg&ust=1361909800369906

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=gkZ2Ewvwai6UiM&tbnid=RvfNY6ZiFCQ40M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.minfind.com/mineral-52119.html&ei=2sYrUfPpJeWE0QHRyoHgBQ&bvm=bv.42768644,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNEDX7RpNFCSvqudckqxiWUjMmBeBg&ust=1361909800369906

Nonsilicate Minerals•Sulfates – gypsum – used in toothpaste, sheetrock & paint

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=2tb5GaCXUJrSwM&tbnid=5IP8YgwXSutfHM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://geology.com/minerals/gypsum.shtml&ei=-8crUaevD4my9gSh2oGwAg&bvm=bv.42768644,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNE9f_VUrO0tmkNaPTcAvl6a-l4ubw&ust=1361910063939799

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=e0BPgVPTka33vM&tbnid=R9FG2U_5IX9ujM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.galleries.com/Gypsum&ei=XrssUYixBIfM9gTDp4GoAg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNFgJE6pqwnLD9PL7gMA7otFz-0uJg&ust=1361972428004299

Nonsilicate Minerals•Sulfides – galena (lead ore) – used in batteries & medicines

Blue Fluorite with a mirror-like Galena cube sitting atop Quartz matrix

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=wmiOiuL3H-mw_M&tbnid=C0iuAkCF2C884M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://exceptionalminerals.com/tucson2012-9.htm&ei=nbwsUa72NY2g8QTs34HIAg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGKIS4xsB8psOtDnGGd5GsW0FmncQ&ust=1361972699636530

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=K3JLnTX3cVslQM&tbnid=fbZt164Fb4XQ4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/mineral/galena/cleavage5.htm&ei=0bwsUZD4FoKm9ASXq4DIBA&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGKIS4xsB8psOtDnGGd5GsW0FmncQ&ust=1361972699636530

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=mn8mqxlTkWc14M&tbnid=_6DF7osMW1DrEM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com/jhbnyc/mineralmuseum/picshow.php?id=18422&ei=O70sUdPUGIuG8QTZv4CwBQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGKIS4xsB8psOtDnGGd5GsW0FmncQ&ust=1361972699636530

Georgia’s State MineralStaurolite was designated the official state mineral of Georgia in 1976. Commonly called “fairy crosses” or “fairy stones,” staurolite crystals are common in northern Georgia and are collected as good luck charms.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=r1GAVjthvs-rqM&tbnid=fvu28THV9DwM4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.mindat.org/min-3753.html&ei=9L0sUcCMKZCE9gTmx4CwAQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNE1I1PhdTxNO6UO_G6gVIlfVbwUPw&ust=1361973103222914

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=KXOozVcdN-_gTM&tbnid=0zqg6TUbSjUN_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.mindat.org/photo-368877.html&ei=C74sUcZAhLz1BKy1gaAC&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNE1I1PhdTxNO6UO_G6gVIlfVbwUPw&ust=1361973103222914

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=JZ4fhHk8QMkC7M&tbnid=DlAeLRcTS-FNjM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/mineral/staurolite/stauroliteL.htm&ei=Mr4sUc63CYSQ8wSoioG4DQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNE1I1PhdTxNO6UO_G6gVIlfVbwUPw&ust=1361973103222914

Identifying MineralsCOLOR

Easy to observe but not reliable

Green GarnetCavansite

Rhodonite

Tremolite

1

http://youtu.be/cjA2-MrWAVU4 ½ min Identifying Minerals – Geology Kitchen 2

http://youtu.be/cjA2-MrWAVU

Identifying MineralsSTREAK

Color of mineral in its powdered formBy rubbing a mineral across a porcelain tile

– it leaves a stripe of color

2

Hematite looks black but leaves red-brown streak.

Pyrite looks yellow-gold but leaves a gray streak.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ScAlIuejVvDcsM&tbnid=M3eBeNgUCc5i1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.theimage.com/geology/notes3/index4.html&ei=ZcIsUdmwJZOC8ASqi4HICQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNF06r3vjAd1Vmmn5oIDDDCSa8LaRQ&ust=1361974238994967

Identifying MineralsLUSTER

is the way a mineral reflects lightCan be dull, shiny, greasy, pearly, metallic, or

glassy

3

Garnet is glassy.

Pyrite is metallic.

Talc is greasy.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=n7DdSCQ_g9TkEM&tbnid=HIIDvtw0Uu6Q5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2006/3149/&ei=8sMsUcbmEILo8QS6uYCQBw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHufOvpe7pWch2gqYQ8ef-c5BtldA&ust=1361974637038687

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=OwkKFy7gxrbYSM&tbnid=OjexMsqvwAaArM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.mineralminers.com/html/pytmins.stm&ei=JcQsUZ6EHIi09gS614GQCA&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNExlxz0P_32VUKb75bjbZEclffPBQ&ust=1361974688026328

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Z7M7Q97juD87LM&tbnid=UsdxSWuVbHolYM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://stroughgmlottie.blogspot.com/&ei=ZsQsUbnIPIbK9QSn8oHQBw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNH3BFql4wXxtm_2yQWWz8_QOY6ESg&ust=1361974739292715

Identifying MineralsCRYSTALS

Minerals have different shape or crystal structure

The way crystals are arranged – breaks differently

4

CLEAVAGE – breaks smoothly along a flat surface

FRACTURE – breaks along uneven surfaces - irregular

Obsidian Olivine

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=U8eEPFbHpz0nAM&tbnid=tJWwMXa0GW9qfM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://geology.csupomona.edu/mineral/cleavage.htm&ei=wdYsUcDlFMbq0QGjx4HICQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNE4s1PFXiNVeMTmGC0rCx2VuqPclQ&ust=1361979438437342

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=lA-cql21cjQmJM&tbnid=R19nQ6Qq4DllDM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(mineralogy)&ei=79YsUfm_CcTb0QG-noHICg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNH-_dOCBbwBdfx2Qc-VpIeWtFbRyg&ust=1361979484109357

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vd-0CLjxxcF15M&tbnid=D4xr08xm2INxuM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.newark.osu.edu/facultystaff/personal/jstjohn/Documents/Common-minerals/Olivine.htm&ei=nt4sUdhChdHTAazpgdAD&psig=AFQjCNH-_dOCBbwBdfx2Qc-VpIeWtFbRyg&ust=1361979484109357

Identifying MineralsHARDNESS

Each mineral has a distinct hardnessMOHS Scale is based on ten common minerals.A harder mineral will scratch a softer mineral.

5

Talc – softest

Diamond - hardest

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WaSyEnMiED6JqM&tbnid=RrPV_bIl2eP5iM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.thisoldearth.net/Mineral_Prop.html&ei=QvEsUbr4JM7V0gHQ54GwBw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNHYtR1RHoiY7WdOLBb09ZVVjN_zKw&ust=1361986094938570

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=m9bd8ilq1l24EM&tbnid=MnWT_DMXGn6J4M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://mychinaconnection.com/english-idiom/diamond-in-the-rough/&ei=gPEsUdPFCqaE0QGGq4AQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGF9veqp39np1LlyeJSECte8HL2CA&ust=1361986290296115

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=F2giuprZDl-gVM&tbnid=djBluiYhD607BM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.rockshopwholesale.com/pink-soapstone-talc-rough-1kg-was-5-00-now-2-50/p5965&ei=v_EsUaaXJPPv0QH16YHYDg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFk15ciTQGk2IlHuZPYnE9M3ax6mA&ust=1361986348703714

Special PropertiesCalcite reacts to simple acid by bubbling.

Magnetite contains iron and is magnetic.

Fluorite glows under ultraviolet light (black light).

Halite has a salty taste.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=1puaSrazT7-03M&tbnid=zajz8bZ4H56WvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://fphoto.photoshelter.com/image/I00006car1uBo_i4&ei=EgItUdntLoyo8QSfs4CQAQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGUWJlZcKvoWKcN9Exu7X-XJqCEjQ&ust=1361990533055668

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=mB4qgotoNeQNEM&tbnid=o2O2Iy2YLO8VNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/bob_81667/7182763274/&ei=MwYtUbWpLYWi9QTYt4GwBA&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGBW6dHx5Qc_mAq0Q2t37dWmcn6Ww&ust=1361991540815919

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Cjo8XlqVruPDEM&tbnid=nzbjSFJobRNCBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.minerals.net/resource/property/magnetic.aspx&ei=kAYtUdrDL5OI9gS9j4GAAw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNF6JtVk1x1k2uTdQwky9vltoeO63w&ust=1361991683543520

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=cQfLed47bRQIUM&tbnid=PSo5HoKK6sBtfM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.visualphotos.com/image/1x7467111/cubic_crystals_of_rock_salt_known_as_halite_or&ei=QhotUYfHEay20AH8oIHgCA&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGfB2n_x2PcX6mmaJzRlAsEg3bL-Q&ust=1361996649013770

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=e4kEguyYtNYmRM&tbnid=yLv4rrHMN_23JM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://theearthdiet.blogspot.com/2010/05/day-207.html&ei=BBotUZCZO6u50AHgroGQCQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGfB2n_x2PcX6mmaJzRlAsEg3bL-Q&ust=1361996649013770

Uses of Minerals•ORE is a natural mineral deposit large enough and pure enough to be mined for a profit.

Iron ore is mixed with carbon to make steel.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=DCm1VZmOPjIfwM&tbnid=kDsOv7sDpeGBZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.123rf.com/photo_583949_steel-fence-3.html&ei=HSQtUa65I5Hi9gSauIGIBw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGu9-ZdPKnaP9iQqaN3Zj5z046o6Q&ust=1361999239787696

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xxCZzxaMjdzEjM&tbnid=i0ghCq-QtmmyuM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.yazdaniint.com/&ei=KSMtUcmcGYH69gShqoDQAg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHSgq16avvIN4swyP8I519tlg52xw&ust=1361999007619722

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hqPCmwmM7hyiqM&tbnid=_nDDjtrP-YEfsM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://globaltrustenterprises.blogspot.com/2011/07/steel-its-inception-and-where-it-is.html&ei=wyMtUZnUI4r28wTYgYHgBQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNEQOxC2vnyhlZfVerYowSYsMiM_hw&ust=1361999129124892

Aluminum (mineral) comes from the ore bauxite.

Uses of Minerals

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=v5qPhqpZgtYZkM&tbnid=maso6Ck5W5TC7M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/education/minerals/bauxite.html&ei=SyItUZqHF5GK9gTarIG4Bg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNHPttR-swZM6VLQ4f_7xAIDWlb-pg&ust=1361998791103888

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=qyhBJUBXuboS4M&tbnid=hKJcOVrEWJHbzM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.jamaicancaves.org/cockpit-country-bauxite-mining.htm&ei=3yItUc_VBJLC9gTP5ICABw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNGy8X_HisCSEbTXHLbKq6nPNPZCBQ&ust=1361998933860363

Graphite – pencil “lead”Uses of Minerals

Quartz – used to make glass.

The basic ingredient of glass is silica, which is derived from quartz sand. The silica is heated until it melts, shaped and then rapidly cooled.

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=felKPFrmwtOu4M&tbnid=0Rrk-t82LHXHoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.techquark.com/2013/01/graphite-diamond-for-technology.html&ei=NCUtUayZHoeE8QSo8IGgCg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNFLi8MqxYm8FwrmjeZodYhf8EwvwA&ust=1361999527999782

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=icAJdiJ01sl1CM&tbnid=Qwc1Sgv7ru7SWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com/2011/05/7-reasons-to-ban-pens-and-pencils-from.html&ei=XCUtUcPzI5OY8gTPi4HwCQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.eWU&psig=AFQjCNE9WtGS2PH7hhGKElv3_Uxt8nL_gw&ust=1361999570831583

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=2eovR7FH6B-u9M&tbnid=lx9biNfG627xPM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.withamglass.co.uk/?p=243&ei=ziYtUYKzO8Li0gHs64GgDg&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNEQXago4ATq4cbaZWtaWB5zgMtH7w&ust=1361999871815462

Uses of MineralsGemstones•nonmetallic minerals•highly valuable for their beauty and rarity•COLOR is the most important characteristic for a gemstone.

http://youtu.be/37rI_BWmOI43 min Top 10 Rarest Gemstones

http://youtu.be/37rI_BWmOI4

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Sa5Mbpk44s9_NM&tbnid=MDRcqIAM4BANgM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dransfieldjewelers.com/gemstones.html&ei=5CctUfHKOuO10QH6h4D4Bw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGr_tOSQmH0yNQ0Fp90UZ5AclMt4Q&ust=1362000207223689

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vUT64xfCCXlYHM&tbnid=rOy5KIhTNECo1M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.gemselect.com/other-info/loose-sapphire-gems.php&ei=_yctUb8-wdrRAeqFgYgE&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGr_tOSQmH0yNQ0Fp90UZ5AclMt4Q&ust=1362000207223689

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=662b-vA_AzCCWM&tbnid=ssh8SqSulrv9lM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.swissgemlab.com/EducationPages/EducationDetailPage.aspx?pcid=330&ei=FCgtUZ2aO8SY0QGJlICgBw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGr_tOSQmH0yNQ0Fp90UZ5AclMt4Q&ust=1362000207223689

Epsomite - mineral

Ellison’s Cave – Walker County, GA

http://youtu.be/sMJcC7RISg82 ½ min Ellison’s Cave Rescue

https://youtu.be/LQcWrknL6jU2 min photos of Ellison’s cave

http://youtu.be/sMJcC7RISg8

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WHpxKj8dwWnWJM&tbnid=WrKN0NXRHngdyM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.thelivingmoon.com/45jack_files/03files/Endangered_Earth_Underground_Water_South.html&ei=lRMuUdvnN-rB0QHJtIGICQ&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNE4mDllAUhyJBBrgS6YWJ8FXRJPUg&ust=1362060560567958

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=2sYEp-QvyDbzeM&tbnid=_cUJqAwBMojL5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://bigringcircus.blogspot.com/2011_02_01_archive.html&ei=bxQuUYSvLuan0AGr94CoCw&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNG9HiXca0719HjGpI5pQLeGnbyVeg&ust=1362060776494273

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=rwTIahnSVEQr-M&tbnid=LAkiv6G82GJ2aM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.flickr.com/photos/undergroundearth/3539649053/&ei=khQuUYiHHdKM0QG2iICgCA&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNG9HiXca0719HjGpI5pQLeGnbyVeg&ust=1362060776494273

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=GKAwEvJK1a4OVM&tbnid=RS6C-bN1k0Xm5M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.stationr.org/caving/incred.php&ei=9xQuUczgJM-z0QGIoAE&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNG9HiXca0719HjGpI5pQLeGnbyVeg&ust=1362060776494273

PowerPoint Presentation2013

M. Brumbaugh - TCMS

Chapter 3 – Minerals of the Earth

http://youtu.be/M4zf0P7zC-k1 ½ min How to grow your own Chemical Garden

http://youtu.be/woOsrIburBo4 min Birthstones and their meanings

http://youtu.be/l4UYX7UMglE4 min What is your Birthstone?

http://youtu.be/XyPR-CiabFM4 min Diamonds – From Mine to Market

http://youtu.be/1_fmgivwQKw3 min Rocks and Minerals

http://youtu.be/ffs4ABGcZ405 min Digging for Amethyst in Australia

http://youtu.be/0wcJ4HPWau09 min The Crystal Collector: "Giant quartz crystals

http://youtu.be/KSACqI1VHH43 min How to Find Gemstones