What I Hope to get out of these Sessions:

Who I am...

Angus R Vantoch-Wood (A Feasibility Study Into the Establishment of a Wave Energy

Sector within the South West of England)

PhD StudentUniversity of Exeter in Cornwall

School of Geography, Archaeology and Earth Resources, CSM [email protected]

www.eprofile.ex.ac.uk/angusvantoch-wood

What I Hope to get out of these Sessions:A better understanding of innovation systems and appropriate application

A stronger set of analytical tools for system indicators, proxy indicators and other methods of quantifying my analysis of innovation systems.

Feedback on my work to date and an opportunity to study other research undertaken using an innovation systems approach

Background:

My Research to Date...

Step 1: Find an Innovation System...

National Innovation Systems: (Freeman, Lundvall, Nelson)

Diamond of Competitive Advantage / Clusters (Porter)

Socio Technical Systems of Innovation (Geels, Smith)

Technical Innovation Systems (Carlsson, Bergek, Jacobsson, Dosi)

Regional/Sectoral Innovation Systems/ Industrial Development Blocks/ (Cooke, Marshall)

Large Technological Systems (Bijker, Hughes)

Evaluate Innovation Systems:

My Choice of Innovation System...Technological Innovation Systems (Bergek, Jacobsson, Carlsson, 2008)Reasons:•Technology Relevance, (Object Oriented, Not System)•Not Market Focussed (Good for Preliminary Work on

Start-Up Sector)•Good Focus on Knowledge Diffusion•Applicable, Functional & Perscriptive

Acknowledged Flaws:•Missing ‘Market Pull’•Missing ‘Social Regimes’ & Thus Depth of Legitimacy~(Lacks Focus on ‘Factor Conditions’ (Porter, 1990) or ‘Outside the Systems Box’ Elements)

1: Starting Point

Defining the TIS

3b: Achieved Functional Pattern

4: Assessing Functionality & Setting Process Goals

5: Inducement & Blocking Mechanisms

6: Key Policy Issues

Technological Innovation System

Diagram(A. Bergek et al.)

Step 2: Investigate Other Theory:Renewable IS Case Studies: (Karnøe, Winskel, Johnson)

UK Energy Policy/Innovation:(Foxon, Smith, Hall, Mitchell, Lund, Grubb)

Entrepreneurial Theory :(Desroches, Low, Schumpeter)

Economic Theory:(Krugman, Porter, Freeman)

Step 3: Investigate WEC-Sec

Step 4: Transpose Real World to System Model...

Assessing the Functional Pattern(A Work in Progress...)

Some Functions Missing:System Legitimacy, Articulation of Demand, Fiscal Resource

Mobilization, Specific Technology Developments (Maintenance Strategies etc...) Political Leadership etc..

Some Actors Missing:OFTO, Financiers, ‘Large Actors’

Some Networks Missing:Customer Associations, Academic/Industry Cross Communication

Some Institutions Missing:Marine SEAs,

Ofgem Specifics (Embedded Transmission Codes)

Other (Overarching?) ‘Blocking Mechanisms’...

Lack of Chronological ‘Flow’ to Sector Development, (i.e. Funding Regime Throughout Stages of Technology Maturity)

Lack of Cohesive Goals & Communication (Between Policy Makers)

Lack of Regulatory Establishment or Priority

The Question:

What is needed to both overcome the prevailing issues and realize the potential for this sector?

How can this be delivered and can it be done within the existing framework?

Things I Have Considered...Higher levels of communication between policy makers (coordinating objectives)

Try to increase cognitive/legislative legitimacy of technology (through test centre (EMEC) certification/standardisation, publication of performance criteria etc...)

Establish ‘Round 1’ style test sites, (as with UK offshore wind)

Increase communication between researchers and between researchers and industry.

Investigate system from another model’s perspective!

Thank You For Listening

Any Questions?

Angus [email protected]/angusvantoch-wood

References:Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S. & Rickne, A. (2008) Analysing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 407-429.Bijker, W. E., Hughes, T. P. & Pinch, T. (1990) The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, Cambridge. Massachusetts, The MIT Press.Carlsson, B., Jacobsson, S., Holmen, M. & Rickne, A. (2002) Innovation systems: analytical and methodological issues. Research Policy, 223-245.Desrochers, P. & Sautet, F. (2008) Entrepreneurial Policy: The Case of Regional Specialization vs. Spontaneous Industrial Diversity. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 32, 813-832.Dosi, G. (1993) Technological paradigms and technological trajectories : A suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change. Research Policy, 22, 102-103.Foxon, T. J., Gross, R., Chaseb, A., Howes, J., Arnall, A. & Anderson, D. (2004) UK innovation systems for new and renewable energy technologies:drivers, barriers and systems failures. Energy Policy, 2123-2137.Freeman, C. (1982) The Economics of industrial Innovation, London, Frances Printer.Geels, F. W. (2004) From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems: Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory. Research Policy, 33, 897-920.Grubb, M., Butler, L. & Twomey, P. (2006) Diversity and security in UK electricity generation: The influence of low-carbon objectives. Energy Policy, 34, 4050-4062.Hall, P. A. (1993) Policy Paradigms, Social Learning, and the State: The Case of Economic Policymaking in Britain. Comparative Politics, 25, 275-296.Jacobsson, S. & Johnson, A. (2000) The diffusion of renewable energy technology: an analytical framework and key issues for research. Energy Policy, 28, 625-640.Johnson, A. & Jacobsson, S. (2002) The Emergence of a Growth Industry. A Comparative Analysis of the German, Dutch and Swedish Wind Turbine industries. Academy Winter 2002 PhD Conference. Aalborg, Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics.Karnøe, P. (1990) Technological innovation and industrial organisation in the Danish wind industry. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2, 105-123.Lund, P. D. (2006) Effectiveness of policy measures in transforming the energy system. Energy Policy, 627-639.Lundvall, B.-Å., Johnson, B., Andersen, E. S. & Dalum, B. (2002) National systems of production, innovation and competence building. Research Policy, 31, 213-231.Mitchell, C. (2008) The Political Economy of Sustainable Energy, Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan.Nelson, R. R. (1988) Institutions Supporting Technical Change in the United States. IN DOSI, G., FREEMAN, C., NELSON, R. R. & SOETE, L. (Eds.) Technical Change and Economic Theory. London, Pinter Publishers.Nelson, R. R., Peterhansl, A. & Sampat, B. (2004) Why and how innovations get adopted: a tale of four models. Industrial and Corporate Change, 13, 679-699.Porter, M. E. (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations, New York, Palgrave.Smith, A. (2007) Emerging in between: The multi-level governance of renewable energy in the English regions. Energy Policy, 35, 6266-6280.Smith, A., Stirling, A. & Berkhout, F. (2005) The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions. Research Policy, 34, 1491-1510.Winskel, M., Mcleod, A., Wallace, R. & Williams, R. (2006) Energy policy and institutional context: marine energy innovation systems. Science and Public Policy, 33, 365-376.