What Does the Culture What Does the Culture in Cultural in Cultural Neuropsychology Tell Neuropsychology Tell Us About Psychology? Us About Psychology? Antonio E. Puente Antonio E. Puente University of North Carolina Wilmington University of North Carolina Wilmington Florida Institute of Technology Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne, Florida Melbourne, Florida April 14, 2006 April 14, 2006
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What Does the Culture in Cultural Neuropsychology Tell Us About Psychology? Antonio E. Puente University of North Carolina Wilmington Florida Institute.
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What Does the Culture in What Does the Culture in Cultural Neuropsychology Cultural Neuropsychology Tell Us About Psychology?Tell Us About Psychology?
Antonio E. PuenteAntonio E. Puente
University of North Carolina WilmingtonUniversity of North Carolina Wilmington
Florida Institute of TechnologyFlorida Institute of Technology
Melbourne, Florida Melbourne, Florida
April 14, 2006April 14, 2006
OutlineOutline
Purpose of PresentationPurpose of Presentation Background and BiasesBackground and Biases Assumptions and LimitationsAssumptions and Limitations Defining ConceptsDefining Concepts Examples from Neuropsychological Examples from Neuropsychological
Summary of 25 Years of Research Summary of 25 Years of Research Where Do Biopsychosocial Where Do Biopsychosocial Variables Fit in Brain Dysfunction?Variables Fit in Brain Dysfunction?
Searching for a Neuropsychological Searching for a Neuropsychological “g”“g”
Brain and NeuropsychologyBrain and Neuropsychology (Processor of Information; (Processor of Information; Information about the Processor)Information about the Processor)
Intelligence and CognitionIntelligence and Cognition (Understanding/Tracking/Using (Understanding/Tracking/Using DiscreteDiscrete Information) Information)
Overall PurposeOverall Purpose
To Increase Purpose/Validity/Value To Increase Purpose/Validity/Value by Understanding the Individual in by Understanding the Individual in a Biopsychosocial Contexta Biopsychosocial Context– Historical- psychological (learning & Historical- psychological (learning &
emotion aka psychopathology)emotion aka psychopathology)– Present- biological (and cognitive)Present- biological (and cognitive)– Future- social cultural contextFuture- social cultural context
Insert Slides for Hispanic Insert Slides for Hispanic
Examples from Examples from Neuropsychological Neuropsychological
StudiesStudies
Background (1978-1985)Background (1978-1985)– Grenada, W.I.- Hypertension & StressGrenada, W.I.- Hypertension & Stress– Argentina- Fulbright & the MalvinasArgentina- Fulbright & the Malvinas– Puerto Rico- APA Visiting Psychologist Puerto Rico- APA Visiting Psychologist
Program & the Translation of TestsProgram & the Translation of Tests
Examples from Studies:Examples from Studies:Continued Continued
Intention (since 1985)Intention (since 1985)– Why do Ethnic-Minorities do Poorly on Why do Ethnic-Minorities do Poorly on
Most Cognitive & Neuropsychological Most Cognitive & Neuropsychological Measures?Measures?
– Three Generations = Anglo SaxonThree Generations = Anglo Saxon– Cattell and the Concept of “g”Cattell and the Concept of “g”– Is There Common Information Is There Common Information
Processing Across Cultures?Processing Across Cultures?
Examples From Five Examples From Five “Studies”“Studies”
Sampling:Sampling:– AgeAge– SexSex– Educational Level (child and parent)Educational Level (child and parent)– Country of OriginCountry of Origin– Acculturation LevelAcculturation Level– Language Preference of ChildLanguage Preference of Child– Socio-economic StatusSocio-economic Status
BackgroundBackground– National Academy of Neuropsychology National Academy of Neuropsychology
1979 Meeting in Orlando1979 Meeting in Orlando– Luria-North Dakota Neuropsychological Luria-North Dakota Neuropsychological
BatteryBattery– Initial Collaboration with Golden & “Item Initial Collaboration with Golden & “Item
Interpretation of the Luria-Nebraska Interpretation of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery”Neuropsychological Battery”
– Chilean Journal of Psychology (1982)Chilean Journal of Psychology (1982)
LNNB: IILNNB: II Failed Attempts:Failed Attempts:
– ArgentinaArgentina– Puerto RicoPuerto Rico
Spanish Collaborators:Spanish Collaborators:– Madrid- Juan Tobal, Antonio Cano, Juan Madrid- Juan Tobal, Antonio Cano, Juan
Manuel Cepedez, Itziar IruarrizagaManuel Cepedez, Itziar Iruarrizaga– Granada- Juan Gody, Juana Garcia. Granada- Juan Gody, Juana Garcia.
Miguel PerezMiguel Perez– Other- Salamanca; TEA, Western Psych.Other- Salamanca; TEA, Western Psych.
LNNB: IIILNNB: III
Literature Review:Literature Review:– 500 Total Articles on the LNNB500 Total Articles on the LNNB– 34 on the LNNB and Ethnic/Foreign 34 on the LNNB and Ethnic/Foreign
106)106)– Mean Age= 39.88 (15-88)Mean Age= 39.88 (15-88)– Mean Education= 9.93(0-21)Mean Education= 9.93(0-21)
LNNB: VIIILNNB: VIII
Correlations with LNNB I:Correlations with LNNB I:– Range= .5356 to .7232Range= .5356 to .7232– Education= -.48 to -.72Education= -.48 to -.72– Scales= .52 to .845Scales= .52 to .845
LNNB: IXLNNB: IX
Next Steps:Next Steps:– Publishing Patient Group InfoPublishing Patient Group Info– TEA/Western Psychological TEA/Western Psychological
Corporation Copyright & Related Corporation Copyright & Related DifficultiesDifficulties
Amazon Indians: IAmazon Indians: I
Background:Background:– Culture-free SampleCulture-free Sample– Caribbean, Latin America, Spain, Caribbean, Latin America, Spain,
TaskTask– CVLT Type Task (15 words)CVLT Type Task (15 words)– Words in Guaranis & PortugueseWords in Guaranis & Portuguese
SamplingSampling– Total= 20Total= 20– Guaranis (educated vs “uneducated”)Guaranis (educated vs “uneducated”)
Amazon: IIIAmazon: III(First Study Continued)(First Study Continued)
Results:Results:– Verbal Memory Verbal Memory
similar number of words in first trialsimilar number of words in first trial different learning curvesdifferent learning curves more words total for indigenous Indiansmore words total for indigenous Indians
Amazon Indians: IVAmazon Indians: IVSecond Study Second Study
SampleSample– N= 12 per groupN= 12 per group– Educated vs “non-educated” GuaranisEducated vs “non-educated” Guaranis
TasksTasks– CVLT type task (15 matched words)CVLT type task (15 matched words)– 12 Figures of indigenous animals12 Figures of indigenous animals– WMS-R Logical MemoryWMS-R Logical Memory– WAIS-R Digit SpanWAIS-R Digit Span– WAIS-R Block DesignWAIS-R Block Design
Amazon Indians: VAmazon Indians: VSecond Study (continued)Second Study (continued)
ResultsResults– No between-group differencesNo between-group differences– ““Un-educated” Indians did Un-educated” Indians did
significantly better in motor and significantly better in motor and visual tasks than in verbal tasks in visual tasks than in verbal tasks in either languageeither language
RussiaRussia
BackgroundBackground– Luria & VygotskyLuria & Vygotsky– Biannual International Luria Biannual International Luria
ConferenceConference– Anna AgranovichAnna Agranovich
Some Pragmatic Some Pragmatic ObservationsObservations
TranslationsTranslations– Typical vs RequiredTypical vs Required
TranslatorsTranslators– Typical vs RequiredTypical vs Required
NormsNorms– Paucity of DataPaucity of Data– Heterogeneity of GroupsHeterogeneity of Groups
Criterion ValidityCriterion Validity– Who is the Reference ValueWho is the Reference Value– What is “Brain Damage”What is “Brain Damage”
PersonnelPersonnel– Few Academics, in generalFew Academics, in general– Even Fewer Ethnic-Minorities Within the FieldEven Fewer Ethnic-Minorities Within the Field
Some Theoretical Some Theoretical QuestionsQuestions
New, Novel, & Extremely DifficultNew, Novel, & Extremely Difficult History and Culture Do MatterHistory and Culture Do Matter Personal Manipulation of History Personal Manipulation of History
and Culture Matter Even Moreand Culture Matter Even More Cultural Knowledge Might be the Cultural Knowledge Might be the
Manner in Which Natural Selection Manner in Which Natural Selection Expresses Itself in Homo SapiensExpresses Itself in Homo Sapiens
Clinical Neuropsychology Might Clinical Neuropsychology Might Help Unravel This ExpressionHelp Unravel This Expression
Insert slide 30,Insert slide 30,
Answers with Questions:Answers with Questions:Where Do We Go From Here?Where Do We Go From Here? Is Reductionism Enough?Is Reductionism Enough? Is the Tabula Rasa Really Blank?Is the Tabula Rasa Really Blank? Does Individual Cognition Affect Does Individual Cognition Affect
Gene Pool Constitution?Gene Pool Constitution? If so, is Culture the Mechanism?If so, is Culture the Mechanism? Is Intelligence and Is Intelligence and
Neuropsychological Constructs (e.g. Neuropsychological Constructs (e.g. Memory, Problem Solving, etc.) Equal Memory, Problem Solving, etc.) Equal to Understanding of Culture?to Understanding of Culture?
If so, Does Mind Emerge from Brain If so, Does Mind Emerge from Brain and, in turn, Control Brain?and, in turn, Control Brain?
Insert Slide 31Insert Slide 31
Further InformationFurther Information
Address:Address:– Department of Psychology, UNC-W, Department of Psychology, UNC-W,