What did Mr. Decker miss?
Jan 21, 2016
What did Mr. Decker miss?
Causes of GENOCIDE
• Difficult social conditions
• intense economic problems
• intense political conflict – this can be conflict
between dominant groups and subordinate ones that are poor and have limited rights
• very great and rapid social changes
Hutu/ Tutsi Conflict• HutuHutu• 85% of Population• Under colonial rule:
– serfs/ peasants• After independence:
– Hutu’s wanted power back– Took power– 200,000 Tutsi’s fled Rwanda
» 1994• After plane crash of Hutu
leaders, Hutus begin to commit killings of Tutsis
• TutsiTutsi• 15% of population• Under colonial rule:
– Upper class• After independence:
– Tried to keep power
• 800,000 massacred• Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)
– Tutsi militia group– Ended the genocide
RWANDA• Hutus are the
______________• Tutsi are the ______________• The European power that
imperialized Rwanda is ________
• Independence was gained in 1961– Hutus took power– 200,000 Tutsi’s fled
Rwanda• Tutsi’s formed the Rwandan
Patriotic Front (RPF)– a militia group
Paul Kagame
Origins of APARTHEID (separateness) • 1910: Britain granted South Africa
self-rule• 1948: Nationalist Party
– Dutch background– white farmers– Legalizes Apartheid
• legal, rigid separation o/t races
– Afrikaans: new language that combines Dutch & Bantu
• Population:– Whites: 16% – Blacks: 70%– Mixed ethnicity: 11%– Asians: 3% (Mainly Indians) why??
Apartheid Laws • Pass Laws:– ID– where you can travel or
work– tax payments– carried at all times– shown upon demand
• separated families• legal segregation• White’s controlled:
– 4/5s of total land– fertile farmlands– abundant raw materials
Steps Toward Change• 1989: Pres. F.W. deKlerk lifted
ban on Apartheid opposition groups– last white president of S.A.
• Early 1990s: new constitution enacted
• 1994: elections held• Nelson Mandela becomes first
black president of South Africa
Shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize
F.W. deKlerkF.W. deKlerk Nelson Mandela w/ wife, WinnieNelson Mandela w/ wife, Winnie
South Africa’s Demographic Shifts
• 1990 Population:– Whites: 16% – Blacks: 70%– Mixed ethnicity: 11%– Indian: 3%
• Welfare State– 1996 2009– 3 mil 12.5 mil– Seen as a huge
positive due to decrease in poverty
• 2009 Population:– Whites: 9%– Blacks: 80%– Mix: 9%– Indian: 2.6%
• Households w/ access to electricity & fresh water:– 1996 2009– 53% 80%
The Economist:: 4/18/09 pg. 24