What are the problems occurring in modern Africa?

What are the problems occurring in modern

Africa?

Genocide in Darfur

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CIVIL WAR CONGO



AIDS



Food Shortages





Political & Economic Turmoil





Essential Questions

• What has been the impact of European colonization on Africa?

• What is the legacy of colonialism on Africa today?

Africa Regions



Africa Vegetation



African Trade 1450-1600

Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

IndustrialRevolutionECONOMIC

IndustrialRevolutionECONOMIC

Source forRaw

Materials

Source forRaw

Materials

Markets forFinishedGoods

Markets forFinishedGoods

PoliticalNationalism

PoliticalNationalism

MissionaryActivity

MissionaryActivity

Military& NavalBases

Military& NavalBases

EuropeanMotives

For Colonization

EuropeanMotives

For Colonization

Places toDump

Unwanted/Excess Pop.

Places toDump

Unwanted/Excess Pop.

ExploratoryExploratoryHumanitarian

ReasonsHumanitarian

Reasons

EuropeanRacism

EuropeanRacism

“WhiteMan’s

Burden”

“WhiteMan’s

Burden”

SocialDarwinism

SocialDarwinism

European Explorers in Africa

Europeans venture into the interior of Africa

Where Is Dr. Livingstone?

Dr. David Livingstone

DoctorLivingston

e,I Presume?

Sir Henry Morton Stanley

European Explorations in mid-19c:

What is the Source of the Nile?

John Speke Sir Richard Burton

Africa

1875

Missionaries follow Explorers



Social Darwinism

The “White Man’s Burden”

Rudyard Kipling

The “White Man’s Burden”?

• King Leopold of Belgium hires Stanley to explore the Congo River Basin

• He dreamed of conquest and profit

• Influenced other nations to “scramble” for the Congo



The Congo Free State or

The Belgian Congo

King Leopold II:(r. 1865 – 1909)

• Leopold brutally exploits the riches of the Congo

• Copper, rubber & ivory



Harvesting Rubber

Workers were savagely beaten and forced to work

for almost no wages

Workers were savagely beaten and forced to work

for almost no wages

Punishing “Lazy” Workers

5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.)

It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

Leopold’s Conscience??

• Leopold if forced to turn over his colony to the Belgian government.

• 1908 becomes the Belgian Congo



The Berlin Conference 1884-1885

• Conference called to avoid bloodshed over the Congo Free State & other claims to Africa

• No Africans were invited• Recognized Leopold’s claims to the Congo--but called

for free trade on Congo & Niger rivers• Could not claim territory w/out a gov’t office set up in the

territory • Recognized German and British claims to East Africa,

while Portugal received Mozambique. • European’s partition almost entire continent• Redrew map of Africa with little regard for traditional

patterns of settlement or ethnic boundaries

Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

Another point of view?

Berlin

Conference

of

1884-1885

European Colonization/Decolonization

Patterns

Berlin Conference of 1884-85

France Extends its Influence

1830 invasion of Algeria



• Britain’s territory is more scattered



British Clash with the Boers in South Africa

Boers are descendents ofDutch settlers

Boers are descendents ofDutch settlers

The Great Trek, 1836-38

Afrikaners

Boers fled British ruleBoers fled British rule

Diamonds found in South Africa

Raw Diamonds

The Struggle for South Africa

The Boer War1899-1902

Bitter guerrilla fightingBritish win, but with great losses

Creation of the Union of South Africa (1910)

System of complete racial segregation until 1993

The Boer War1899-1902

Bitter guerrilla fightingBritish win, but with great losses

Creation of the Union of South Africa (1910)

System of complete racial segregation until 1993

The Boer War: 1899 - 1900

The BoersThe British

A Future British Prime Minister

British Boer War Correspondent, Winston Churchill

Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902)

Diamond & gold minerSupported British imperialism in Africa

Had entire British colony named after himRhodesia now Zimbabwe

Promoted the policy of racial segregation

Diamond & gold minerSupported British imperialism in Africa

Had entire British colony named after himRhodesia now Zimbabwe

Promoted the policy of racial segregation

African’s Resist Imperialism



Samori ToureFought French in W. Africa

Samori ToureFought French in W. Africa



Yaa AsantewaaFought British in

Asante war

Yaa AsantewaaFought British in

Asante war

NehandaFought British in

Zimbabwe

NehandaFought British in

Zimbabwe

Shaka ZuluFought the Boers

Shaka ZuluFought the Boers

Menelik IIEjected Italian invaders

Menelik IIEjected Italian invaders



Africa

in

1914





What are the problems occurring in modern Africa?

Documents

explorers slide

aids slide

darfur slide

belgian congo slide

africa vegetation slide

interior of africa slide

rubber ivory slide

belgian official slide