What are the MONOMERS of each POLYMER? POLYMER MONOMER Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acids NUCLEOTIDES AMINO ACIDS CARBON RINGS FATTY ACID TAILS.

What are the MONOMERS of each POLYMER?

POLYMER MONOMER• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• Nucleic acids

NUCLEOTIDES

AMINO ACIDS

CARBON RINGS

FATTY ACID TAILS

DNADeoxyribose Nucleic Acid

Each nucleotide is made up of:• PHOSPHATE GROUP• DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR• BASES (A, T, C or G) held

together by Hydrogen bonds.

DNA’s “alphabet”: A, T, C and G

DNA REPLICATION

How fast does it happen?• http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/dna-replication-advanced-detail

When does DNA replicate?• Interphase (G1, S, G2)• Prophase• Metaphase• Anaphase• Telophase• Cytokinesis?

A simpler view of DNA replication

• http://www.johnkyrk.com/DNAreplication.html

Who do you have to remember?• Helicase: unwinds the double helix• DNA POLYmerase: brings the MANY nucleotides

and matches A to T and C to G

DNA CODES FOR PROTEINS:

The different kinds of proteins:• Structural • Hormones• Enzymes (………ase) amylase, lactase, …. • Defense• Transport

Basic structure of an amino acid (the monomer of a protein).

• Carbon middle

• Amino group

• Carboxyl group

• R group

DNA is precious. It may not leave the nucleus.

• mRNA: a complimentary copy of a section of the DNA molecule. It carries instructions for building proteins in ribosomes.

• mRNA DOES NOOOOT HAAAAVE THYAMINE. It has URACIL instead.

If the DNA code is …

• ATC.CGG.GGT.TAA.CGG.TGC.CCA.AAT.TCA

• What is the other side of the DNA molecule?

• And the codons mRNA for the bottom strand?

TAG CCAGCC GCCATT GGTACG AGTTTA

AUC CGG GGU UAA CGG UGC CCA AAU UCA

In DNA A goes with T and C goes with G.In RNA A goes with U, T goes with A and C goes with G.

Videos of protein synthesis(transcription and translation)

• http://www.wisc-online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP1302

• You didn’t get it?• http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/047000

3790/animations/translation/translation.htm

Words you need to know by now…

• DNA: a nucleic acid carrying the genetic code of an organism or virus.

• mRNA: a nucleic acid complimentary copy of a section of DNA. Carries instructions for making a protein to the nucleus

• tRNA: a nucleic acid which brings amino acids to the mRNA in the nucleus

• Codon: a group of three bases in the mRNA• Anticodon: a group of three bases in the tRNA complimentary to

the codon.• Transcription: look it up.

• Translation: look it up. (you will need a dictionary for this)

• UUU• AGC• AUG• AGT• CCG• CCU• UUA• UAG

• UUU. UUG. CCA. UAA.