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What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?
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What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Dec 22, 2015

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Elaine Wilson
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Page 1: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

What are some ways…

…your body protects you from invaders?

…your body keeps you warm when you’re cold?

…your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Page 2: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Your skin provides the 1st line of defense against

pathogens.

When you’re cold, your hair stands up to trap in heat.

When you’re hot, you sweat to cool yourself off.

Page 4: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

The Integumentary System

• Structures:– Skin– Hair– Nails

• Functions:– Protect against injury,

infection, & fluid loss– Helps regulate body

temperature (homeostasis)

Page 5: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?
Page 7: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Which layer of skin must be penetrated for a cut to begin bleeding?

Dermis – blood vessels are found in the dermis, so a cut needs to reach PAST the epidermis to the

dermis.

A. HypodermisB. EpidermisC. DermisD. Fat

Page 8: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Which glands keep your skin from drying out?

A. SebaceousB. SweatC. DermisD. Epidermis

Sebaceous glands secrete oils to waterproof your skin.

Sebaceous glands are found everywhere on your body except the palms of your hands & the soles of your feet!

Page 9: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Another way your skin protects you…

• Melanin is the pigment produced by skin cells & gives you your skin color.– People with darker skin

produce more melanin, while people with fair skin have low levels of melanin.

• Melanin in the skin absorbs UV radiation, reducing the risk of cancer.

Page 11: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Psoriasis

• Long term skin disease characterized by inflamed regions with scabs of dead skin– No cure, but symptoms can be managed with treatment

Normal skin cells mature & replace dead skin cells every 28-30 days.

Psoriasis causes skin cells to mature in less than a week!

Video to 1:20

Page 12: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Maintaining Homeostasis

• The integumentary system maintains homeostasis by protecting the body from outside agents & maintaining a stable body temperature.

What other body system is closely associated with maintaining homeostasis?

Page 14: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

The Excretory System

• Removes excess or dangerous materials from the body– Homeostasis

Page 15: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

How the Excretory System Maintains Homeostasis

• Filters the blood to remove waste (sugars, amino acids, salts, drugs)

• Maintains water & salt balance in the blood

• Maintains pH

Page 16: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?
Page 17: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Kidneys

• Blood in the body flows through the kidneys.

• The kidneys remove excess materials from the blood.

This takes place in the nephrons of the kidneys!

Page 18: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Nephrons in the Kidneys

Page 19: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Blood filtration takes place in the glomerulus of the nephron.

• Blood from the renal artery enters the glomerulus.

• In the glomerulus, substances are removed from the blood & sent into the Bowman’s capsule.

• Filtered blood is then returned to the heart from the renal vein.

Page 20: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?
Page 22: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Examples of Excess Materials

• Substances that diffuse out of the glomerulus:– Water– Salts– Glucose– Amino Acids– Vitamins (water soluble

ones)

• Some substances are reabsorbed.

Page 23: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Urine

• The material that remains after reabsorption

Urea + Salts + Water + Wastes = Urine

Page 24: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

What is the correct pathway for urine to flow out of the human body?

A. Kidney Ureter Bladder UrethraB. Kidney Bladder Ureter UrethraC. Bladder Kidney Ureter UrethraD. Kidney Urethra Bladder Ureter

Page 25: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Did you know?!

It takes your kidneys about 45 minutes to filter your blood.

Your blood passes through the kidneys about 300 times a day.

The kidney has 1 million nephrons that filter the blood.

Every day the kidney sends about 6 cups of urine to the bladder.

Page 26: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Kidney Stones

• Kidney stones are made of calcium, magnesium, & uric acid salts.

• Ultrasound waves break the stone into smaller fragments that can pass out of the body.

This kidney stone is 8 mm in diameter! OUCH!

Video to 2:15

Page 27: What are some ways… …your body protects you from invaders? …your body keeps you warm when you’re cold? …your body cools you down when you’re hot?

Dialysis

• Use of a machine to filter the blood when kidney failure occurs– On average, treatment lasts

4 hours & is needed 3 times per week.