What Are Proteins? The word “Protein” comes from the Greek word proteios, meaning primary. Play arguably the most critical roles in the body The.

PROTEINS

CREATED AND PRESENTED BY:

JAMES JEDRALSKI&

MATT BENT

What Are Proteins? The word “Protein” comes from the Greek word

proteios, meaning primary. Play arguably the most critical roles in the body The make up of our cells and tissues Found in our:

MusclesBonesHairBoneNailsSkin

20 Percent of our total body weight

Protein Functions

Antibodiesspecialized proteins involved in defending

the body from antigens Contractile Proteins

responsible for movement Enzymes

proteins that facilitate biochemical reactionsreferred to as catalystsex. Lactase and Pepsin

Protein Functions (cont.) Hormonal Proteins

proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities

ex. Insulin Structural Proteins

provide supportex. keratin, collagen

Storage Proteinsstore amino acids

Transport Proteins carrier proteins which move molecules ex. hemoglobin

The Structure of Proteins Proteins are polymers of amino acids covalently

linked through peptide bonds into a chain. 20 different amino acids that make up all proteins Amino Acids are composed of a central carbon

atom bonded to:hydrogen carboxyl group amino group unique side chain or R-group

The unique side chains create different chemical properties on amino acids

The Structure of Proteins (Cont.)

Protein Digestion

Digested by enzymes called proteases Protein digestion begins in stomach Broken down by pepsin into polypeptides Left over proteins digested by trypsin in

small intestine Polypeptides produced are further

digested to amino acids by erepsin in intestinal juices

End product = Absorbable Amino Acids

Protein Digestion (cont.)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEsQxzeAry8

Proteins in our Diet Two types of Amino Acids: Essential

8 – cannot be made in sufficient amounts in the body, must be supplied through food

Non-essential12 – can be made from other amino

acids in the diet Foods with animal protein satisfy

the essential amino acid needsMeat, Milk, Eggs, etc.

Vegetable protein sources have less than the necessary amounts

Proteins in our Diet (cont.) 10-15% of total caloric intake

0.75g of protein per kg of body weight per day

2-3 servings of animal protein foods will reach requirements

4-5 servings of vegetable protein sources will reach requirementsWhole grain cereals, legumes, nuts,

vegetables, etc.

Protein Related Health Concerns

High protein diets can lead to: Unpleasant body odour and bad breath Increased risk of high blood fat levels Loss of muscle tissue Risk of deficiency diseases

Excessive animal protein intake has been associated with: Mineral loss - leading to cancer Osteoporosis kidney stones Arthritis Diabetes Cataracts Arteriosclerosis

The average North American should reduce intake by 15% Less animal proteins more vegetable proteins

Protein Related Health Concerns (cont.)

Protein Deficiency:Your body cannot survive without adequate amounts of

protein, a lack of this macronutrient will result in serious health problems

Symptoms: Weight loss, Thinning or brittle hair, hair loss, Skin rashes, dryness, flakiness, General weakness and lethargy, Muscle soreness and weakness, cramps, Slowness in healing, Bedsores and other skin ulcers, Difficulty sleeping, etc.

Risks: Gallstones, Arthritis, Heart problems, Muscle deterioration, Organ failure, Death

An Athlete’s Protein Needs

Athletes require protein to repair/rebuild muscle that is broken down during exercise

Should not be a substitute for carbohydrates

More effective to abide by the “less more often” rule

Average adult requires 0.8g per kg of body weight per day

Strength training athletes need 1.4 - 1.8

Endurance athletes need 1.2 – 1.4

Common Misconceptions: You can not get enough protein on a

vegetarian diet You can only assimilate 30 grams of protein

at one sitting.The body has the ability to digest and assimilate

much more than 30 grams of protein from a single meal.

Protein must be rapidly digested to build muscle.Both rapidly and slowly digested proteins offer

significant benefits to athletes

The EndThanks for your

attention