Wh me ch_18.3

CHAPTER 27

Section 1: Setting the Stage for War

Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War

Section 3: The Russian Revolution

Section 4: The Terms of Peace

Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

World War I and the Russian Revolution

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Ch 18.3 Bell Ringer:What events or circumstances led to the Russian Revolution and the creation of the Communist Party?

Setting the Stage for War

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Setting the Stage for War

…covered one-sixth of the land surface of the globe, and was populated by almost 150 million people of more than a hundred different nationalities.

Political Cartoon

Setting the Stage for War

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Setting the Stage for War

Weaknesses of Russia

• Insufficient food

• Appropriate armaments; poorly equipped

• Inadequate roads

• Poorly led military

• Corrupt, inefficient government

• No faith in government or czar

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Setting the Stage for War

Why was this time different?

• Army sided with the demonstrators.

• The Duma refused to disband.

• Mar 1917 – Czar Nicholas abdicates – He and his family were soon imprisoned.

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6th June 1906: In a cartoon called 'Peril!' in Punch, Liberty says to the Tsar, 'Give him his head, it's your only chance, and mine!'

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Setting the Stage for War

With the overthrow of the czar, a temporary gov’t was set up until

a constitutional assembly could be elected.

While the new rules were trying to restore order, another group worked

for more radical change.

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Setting the Stage for War

Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies

…organized when unrestbegan in Russia

Soviet = councilThe leaders weresocialists.

Radical members calledfor immediate peace &land reforms.The provisional gov’topposed both.

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Setting the Stage for War

Two factionsfought forcontrol of thesoviets.

Mensheviks Bolsheviks

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Setting the Stage for War

• Vladimir Lenin – revolutionary socialist

• Their slogan was “Peace, Bread, and Land”

• His version of Marxism formed the basis of communism.

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Setting the Stage for War

7 Nov 1917 – the October Revolution

The Bolsheviks overthrewthe Constitutional Assemblybecause they did NOT havea majority in it.

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Setting the Stage for WarPeace and Civil War

• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk• Communists faced great

opposition – civil war breaks out early 1918 and lasts three years

• Red Army vs Whites• The Allies helped the Whites for

two reasons.• Renamed Russia …. The Union

of Soviet Socialist Republics or the U.S.S.R. (Soviet Union)

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Setting the Stage for War

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Setting the Stage for War