WFPS Copyright for Educators Intellectual property ä Patents: The right given to be the only one who may make and sell a new invention, or use a method.

WFPS

Copyright for EducatorsCopyright for Educators

Intellectual propertyIntellectual property

Patents: Patents: The right given to be the only one who may The right given to be the only one who may make and sell a new invention, or use a method for a make and sell a new invention, or use a method for a certain number of yearscertain number of years

Trademarks: Trademarks: A special picture, mark, word, etc. A special picture, mark, word, etc. placed on a product to show who its maker or dealer isplaced on a product to show who its maker or dealer is

Copyrights: Copyrights: The legal right to be the only publisher, The legal right to be the only publisher, producer, or seller of a particular piece of workproducer, or seller of a particular piece of work

Copyright LawCopyright Law

Congress has the power “to promote the Congress has the power “to promote the Progress of Science and the useful Arts, by Progress of Science and the useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to authors and securing for limited Times to authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.”respective Writings and Discoveries.”

U.S. Constitution, Art. 1, Sec. 8, Cl. 8U.S. Constitution, Art. 1, Sec. 8, Cl. 8

What is copyrighted?What is copyrighted?

““Original works of authorship” that can be recorded in a Original works of authorship” that can be recorded in a “tangible medium of expression”“tangible medium of expression” musical works, including any accompanying lyricsmusical works, including any accompanying lyrics literary works literary works dramatic works with any music dramatic works with any music pantomimes, choreography pantomimes, choreography graphics, artwork, sculptural worksgraphics, artwork, sculptural works sound recordingssound recordings motion pictures and other multimedia motion pictures and other multimedia

What cannot be copyrighted?What cannot be copyrighted?

IdeasIdeas FactsFacts Procedures/processProcedures/process SystemsSystems Operation MethodsOperation Methods Concepts/principlesConcepts/principles DiscoveriesDiscoveries

How long does copyright last?How long does copyright last?

Life of author plus 70 yearsLife of author plus 70 years Joint authors—life of last survivor plus 70 Joint authors—life of last survivor plus 70

yearsyears Works for hire—95 years from publication Works for hire—95 years from publication

or 120 years from creationor 120 years from creation

What is not covered by copyright?What is not covered by copyright?

Anything not fixed in a tangible medium (telling a Anything not fixed in a tangible medium (telling a story, a dance—must be recorded in some form)story, a dance—must be recorded in some form)

Works consisting entirely of common property Works consisting entirely of common property (no original authorship)(no original authorship)

Federal documentsFederal documents Titles, names, short phrases, slogans, familiar Titles, names, short phrases, slogans, familiar

symbols or designs (trademarks), symbols or designs (trademarks), Listings of ingredients or contents (recipes)Listings of ingredients or contents (recipes)

“Fair Use”“Fair Use”

The use by someone other than the author, The use by someone other than the author, without the author’s permission, of a without the author’s permission, of a copyrighted workcopyrighted work

Purposes of “Fair Use”Purposes of “Fair Use”

Criticism & CommentCriticism & Comment Scholarship/ResearchScholarship/Research TeachingTeaching Preparation for teachingPreparation for teaching News reportingNews reporting ParodyParody

“Fair use” Questions“Fair use” Questions

Is the use commercial?Is the use commercial? Is the original work mostly fact?Is the original work mostly fact? Has the original work been published?Has the original work been published? Are you copying only a small part of the Are you copying only a small part of the

original work?original work? Does your conduct leave unaffected any Does your conduct leave unaffected any

profits that the owner can make?profits that the owner can make? Are you giving credit to the author?Are you giving credit to the author?

What can teachers do?What can teachers do?

Get permission from the author and you can do Get permission from the author and you can do whatever you and the author have agreed uponwhatever you and the author have agreed upon

Make a Make a single copysingle copy for scholarly research, use in for scholarly research, use in teaching, or in preparation for teachingteaching, or in preparation for teaching Chapter from a bookChapter from a book Periodical or newspaper articlePeriodical or newspaper article Short story, short essay, short poemShort story, short essay, short poem Chart, graph, diagram, cartoon, or picture from a book, Chart, graph, diagram, cartoon, or picture from a book,

periodical, or newspaperperiodical, or newspaper

Classroom copies Classroom copies

Limitations:Limitations: One copy per pupilOne copy per pupil Must meet the “Must meet the “brevity testbrevity test” guidelines” guidelines Must meet “Must meet “spontaneity rulespontaneity rule”” Not more than nine instances for 1 class in 1 Not more than nine instances for 1 class in 1

class termclass term No term-to-term use of same materials for same No term-to-term use of same materials for same

class class Every copy must include notice of copyrightEvery copy must include notice of copyright

“Brevity Test” Guidelines“Brevity Test” Guidelines

Poem: complete if less than 250 words-- if longer, Poem: complete if less than 250 words-- if longer, no more than 250 wordsno more than 250 words

Prose: a complete article, story, or essay if less Prose: a complete article, story, or essay if less than 2500 wordsthan 2500 words

Prose: an excerpt of not more than 1000 words or Prose: an excerpt of not more than 1000 words or 10% of the work, whichever is less10% of the work, whichever is less

Illustration: one chart, graph, diagram, drawing Illustration: one chart, graph, diagram, drawing cartoon, or picture per book or periodical cartoon, or picture per book or periodical

Multi-media exceptions explained laterMulti-media exceptions explained later

“Spontaneity Rule”“Spontaneity Rule”

Copying is immediate and the inspiration of Copying is immediate and the inspiration of the individual teacherthe individual teacher

The decision was so close in time that it The decision was so close in time that it would be unreasonable to expect a timely would be unreasonable to expect a timely reply to a request for permissionreply to a request for permission

However, poor planning will not get you far However, poor planning will not get you far in court…in court…

Keep It LegalKeep It Legal

Cite the source!!!Cite the source!!! Keep the use in the classroomKeep the use in the classroom Extending beyond school door will get you Extending beyond school door will get you

in trouble. Example of extensions : web in trouble. Example of extensions : web page, published report, article in the local page, published report, article in the local newspaper, bus trip. newspaper, bus trip.

Ask for permission!!!Ask for permission!!!

Music Guidelines Music Guidelines

MUSIC: FAIR USE-GUIDELINESMUSIC: FAIR USE-GUIDELINES

Emergency copying Emergency copying to replace purchased to replace purchased copies which for any copies which for any reason are not reason are not available for an available for an imminent imminent performance, provided performance, provided purchased replacement purchased replacement copies orderedcopies ordered

For academic For academic purposes other than purposes other than performance, single or performance, single or multiple copies of multiple copies of excerpts of works may excerpts of works may be made, not more be made, not more than 10% of the whole than 10% of the whole work. work.

One copy per pupil.One copy per pupil.

FAIR USE - NOT ALLOWEDFAIR USE - NOT ALLOWED

Out-of-Print: Still protected, write and askOut-of-Print: Still protected, write and ask No reply - still don’t have permission to copyNo reply - still don’t have permission to copy Collections: One song out of a collection - askCollections: One song out of a collection - ask Extra Parts: Buy if available. Ask!Extra Parts: Buy if available. Ask! Contest: If originals are required - order Contest: If originals are required - order Choral/Speaking parts for musicals: Blatant Choral/Speaking parts for musicals: Blatant

violation to copy - lack of $ does not justify violation to copy - lack of $ does not justify photocopying!photocopying!

RECORDINGS-Compulsory Mechanical License-Fair UseRECORDINGS-Compulsory Mechanical License-Fair Use

1) A single copy of a 1) A single copy of a sound recording of sound recording of copyrighted music copyrighted music may be made from may be made from sound recordings sound recordings owned by an owned by an educational institution educational institution or an individual or an individual teacher for exams or teacher for exams or oral exercisesoral exercises

2) A single copy of 2) A single copy of recordings or recordings or performance by performance by students may be made students may be made for evaluation and for evaluation and rehearsal purposes and rehearsal purposes and may be retained by the may be retained by the educational institution educational institution or individual teacheror individual teacher

OTHER DILEMMASOTHER DILEMMAS

Arrangements - No Fair Use -- Get permissionArrangements - No Fair Use -- Get permission Adaptations - Fair use applies when editing or Adaptations - Fair use applies when editing or

simplifying provided the fundamental character of simplifying provided the fundamental character of the work is not distorted or lyrics altered or addedthe work is not distorted or lyrics altered or added

Transcription - Get permissionTranscription - Get permission Parody - Requires authorization - be safe - askParody - Requires authorization - be safe - ask

Multimedia Copyright IssuesMultimedia Copyright Issues

Permission Use Sheet(Signature of author allows others to use their material)

Permission Use Sheet(Signature of author allows others to use their material)

Internet sites such as: Music Vendors Internet sites such as: Music Vendors www.bmi.comwww.bmi.com, , www.nmpa.orgwww.nmpa.org, etc., etc.

Call publisher/producerCall publisher/producer Write request for informationWrite request for information See resources pageSee resources page

Commercially Produced Audiovisual MaterialsCommercially Produced Audiovisual Materials

Rented or Purchased Video, CD, DVD, Audio Rented or Purchased Video, CD, DVD, Audio cassette, etc.cassette, etc.* No copying even for archiving purposes* No copying even for archiving purposes* No charging of viewing fees* No charging of viewing fees* Must be in the course of face-to-face teaching* Must be in the course of face-to-face teaching activity (tied to the curriculum) activity (tied to the curriculum)*Must be presented by students or teachers*Must be presented by students or teachers*Must be legally acquired copy of the work*Must be legally acquired copy of the work*Must be used in an educational setting*Must be used in an educational setting* Broadcast rights may be purchased* Broadcast rights may be purchased

Television RecordingTelevision Recording

Copying of Programs Copying of Programs is allowed (fair use) if done by the is allowed (fair use) if done by the schools media specialist for instructional purposes. schools media specialist for instructional purposes.

Only one main showing per class in the first 10 school Only one main showing per class in the first 10 school days is allowed. Teacher may use until day 45 for days is allowed. Teacher may use until day 45 for evaluation, etc. Copy must be destroyed after 45 days evaluation, etc. Copy must be destroyed after 45 days from recording.from recording.

Noone else in the school can record the same program Noone else in the school can record the same program more than once.more than once.

Parts of programs can be shown but no altering of Parts of programs can be shown but no altering of content. content.

The copyright notice must be included.The copyright notice must be included.

Cable TelevisionCable Television

Programs designated as Cable in the Classroom can Programs designated as Cable in the Classroom can usually be used up to one year. Locate programs at usually be used up to one year. Locate programs at www.ciconline.orgwww.ciconline.org

Programs labeled (RES) can be shown in public as it airs Programs labeled (RES) can be shown in public as it airs but not taped for later playing.but not taped for later playing.

Broadcasting to Cable TVBroadcasting to Cable TV

Work made for hire statement should be

signed for school ownership

Check with local cable provider before attempting to broadcast

No copyrighted videos, plays, or recorded music can be rebroadcast

Educational Multimedia Educational Multimedia

Combining of original work with portions of Combining of original work with portions of copyrighted material to produce an integrated copyrighted material to produce an integrated presentationpresentation

Teachers must use in face-to-face instruction for up to Teachers must use in face-to-face instruction for up to two years. Permission must by secured after that. two years. Permission must by secured after that.

Can use 10% or up to 3 minutes, whichever is less of Can use 10% or up to 3 minutes, whichever is less of motion mediamotion media

Text is limited to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is lessText is limited to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is less Music is limited to 10% with a maximum of 30 secondsMusic is limited to 10% with a maximum of 30 seconds

Educational Multimedia (Continued)Educational Multimedia (Continued)

No more than 5 images or photos per artistNo more than 5 images or photos per artist No more than 10% or 15 per collective No more than 10% or 15 per collective

workwork Up to 10% or 2500 fields or cells from a Up to 10% or 2500 fields or cells from a

database or tabledatabase or table One copy can be made for backup purposesOne copy can be made for backup purposes

Copyright Issues Concerning Visual Arts and Images

Copyright Issues Concerning Visual Arts and Images

““Originals are the fairest flowers: Originals are the fairest flowers:

Imitations are of quicker growth but fainter bloom.” Imitations are of quicker growth but fainter bloom.”

Thomas McFarlandThomas McFarland

Visual Art Copyright 20th Century Reality

Visual Art Copyright 20th Century Reality

““Societal goal underlying copyright is to Societal goal underlying copyright is to stimulate and encourage progress in the arts. stimulate and encourage progress in the arts. Copyright supposedly sparks creative impulse Copyright supposedly sparks creative impulse through economic impetus. Conversely, through economic impetus. Conversely, unauthorized copying inhibits creativity.”unauthorized copying inhibits creativity.”

Darraby, Jessica L. 1995. Art, Artifact and Architecture Law.Darraby, Jessica L. 1995. Art, Artifact and Architecture Law.

Visual Arts and ImagesVisual Arts and Images

PaintingsPaintings SlidesSlides CartoonsCartoons

PhotographyPhotography SculptureSculpture DrawingsDrawings

GraphicsGraphics IllustrationsIllustrations GraphsGraphs

PrintsPrints ChartsCharts PostersPosters

When an artist creates a work of art, the copyright When an artist creates a work of art, the copyright comes into existence automatically.comes into existence automatically.

By registering artwork, you have more rights.By registering artwork, you have more rights.

Derivative WorkDerivative Work

The right to prepare “derivative works” The right to prepare “derivative works” rests with the copyright owner.rests with the copyright owner.

The right to change the chart, picture, The right to change the chart, picture, cartoon, or illustration into a poster or slide cartoon, or illustration into a poster or slide or video (also called the right of adaptation) or video (also called the right of adaptation) rests with the copyright holder. rests with the copyright holder.

Derivative Work RightsDerivative Work Rights

Can’t reproduce the work in a different Can’t reproduce the work in a different mediamedia

Can’t copy or reproduce the heart of the Can’t copy or reproduce the heart of the artwork or imageartwork or image

The more you copy, less likelihood it The more you copy, less likelihood it constitutes fair useconstitutes fair use

The amount taken from the copyrighted The amount taken from the copyrighted work in relationship to the totality of that work in relationship to the totality of that work is the crucial factorwork is the crucial factor

Infringement ExamplesInfringement Examples

Teacher uses the opaque projector to enlarge a Teacher uses the opaque projector to enlarge a greeting card illustration for a bulletin board greeting card illustration for a bulletin board decoration.decoration.

Cheerleaders create a poster that features a popular Cheerleaders create a poster that features a popular cartoon character dressed in a team uniform.cartoon character dressed in a team uniform.

Teacher copies an image from a coloring book and Teacher copies an image from a coloring book and adds more detail to it for a worksheet.adds more detail to it for a worksheet.

Parody and/or SatireParody and/or Satire

The work must have a critical component.The work must have a critical component. The work still falls under fair use – good The work still falls under fair use – good

faith.faith. Only elements that are necessary for the Only elements that are necessary for the

parody can be used.parody can be used. The appropriation in the copied work must The appropriation in the copied work must

change the message of the underlying work.change the message of the underlying work. Settled case-by-case, so ask permission.Settled case-by-case, so ask permission.

Clip ArtClip Art

Clip art is sold to be copied in certain formatsClip art is sold to be copied in certain formats

Check the clip art limitationsCheck the clip art limitations

Views on copying images for artViews on copying images for art

““I consider general copying as a delusive I consider general copying as a delusive kind of industry.” kind of industry.”

President of English Royal Academy, President of English Royal Academy, Sir Joshua Reynolds 1769Sir Joshua Reynolds 1769

““It has generally been accepted that children should It has generally been accepted that children should not copy anything. The arts are supposed to be a not copy anything. The arts are supposed to be a means of one’s own expression and not a superficial means of one’s own expression and not a superficial copy of someone else’s thoughts and ideas… There is copy of someone else’s thoughts and ideas… There is no place for mindless copying of others’ art in a no place for mindless copying of others’ art in a meaningful art program.” meaningful art program.”

Viktor Lowenfeld 1987 Viktor Lowenfeld 1987

Digital MediaDigital Media

Digital MediaDigital Media

Digital Media is covered under the same Digital Media is covered under the same copyright laws as other mediacopyright laws as other media

Digital Media covers other media including Digital Media covers other media including print, music, art, multimediaprint, music, art, multimedia

Special laws have been passed to cover Special laws have been passed to cover unique situations created by technologyunique situations created by technology

Digital Media LegislationDigital Media Legislation

Computer Amendment of 1980 – protects Computer Amendment of 1980 – protects computer softwarecomputer software

No Electronic Theft Act – NET Act – 1997 No Electronic Theft Act – NET Act – 1997 – protects software and digital recordings– protects software and digital recordings

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 - 1998 -

The Digital Millennium Copyright ActThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act

President Clinton signed the act into law on President Clinton signed the act into law on October 28, 1998October 28, 1998

Covers code-cracking technologyCovers code-cracking technology Internet provider regulationsInternet provider regulations Submission of recommendations for Submission of recommendations for

promoting while protecting distance promoting while protecting distance education will be comingeducation will be coming

Internet UseInternet Use

Copying information from one website to Copying information from one website to another is not permissibleanother is not permissible

Using copyrighted material from the web in Using copyrighted material from the web in a multimedia production with authorization a multimedia production with authorization is permissibleis permissible

Copyrighted images on the web must be Copyrighted images on the web must be displayed with the creator’s name and displayed with the creator’s name and authorizationauthorization

Copying source code is not permissibleCopying source code is not permissible

Website Linking & PostingWebsite Linking & Posting

Follow the directions for linking provided Follow the directions for linking provided by websiteby website

If there are no directions provided, ask for If there are no directions provided, ask for permission from the webmaster or e-mail permission from the webmaster or e-mail address providedaddress provided

Creating a link from one website to another Creating a link from one website to another is permissible if the words describe is permissible if the words describe accurately what is being linked toaccurately what is being linked to

West Fargo Public School WebPagesWest Fargo Public School WebPages

There are many rules relating to proper There are many rules relating to proper posting and safeguards for educational sites posting and safeguards for educational sites

The WF School District does not sponsor The WF School District does not sponsor personal or classroom websites because personal or classroom websites because they are difficult to monitorthey are difficult to monitor

If you wish to post sites and/or documents If you wish to post sites and/or documents for classroom use, see your librarian or e-for classroom use, see your librarian or e-mail Peggy Spitzer, our district webmaster mail Peggy Spitzer, our district webmaster

E-MailE-Mail

Posting or forwarding an e-mail message Posting or forwarding an e-mail message without the consent of the author is not without the consent of the author is not permittedpermitted

Be careful when sending E-mail. E-mail Be careful when sending E-mail. E-mail messages can be tracked to their sourcesmessages can be tracked to their sources

The same laws apply to e-mail and posted The same laws apply to e-mail and posted mail (terrorism, threats, etc)mail (terrorism, threats, etc)

Postings on Chat or UsenetPostings on Chat or Usenet

It is illegal to print or post an individual’s It is illegal to print or post an individual’s posting without written permission from the posting without written permission from the authorauthor

If you read something that you would like If you read something that you would like to share with others, try something like:to share with others, try something like:

I heard in the copyright newsgroupI heard in the copyright newsgroup that most people are not aware of the that most people are not aware of the laws related to cyberspace. laws related to cyberspace.

PasswordsPasswords

Using or sharing a password which Using or sharing a password which provides controlled access to information is provides controlled access to information is not permitted (user account or database not permitted (user account or database access)access)

Any attempt to circumvent any protection Any attempt to circumvent any protection measure is not permitted (password or form measure is not permitted (password or form of encryption)of encryption)

SoftwareSoftware

Creating or using code-cracking software is not Creating or using code-cracking software is not permissiblepermissible

““Personal” versions or copies of software are not Personal” versions or copies of software are not permissible on district computerspermissible on district computers

Making personal copies of district software is not Making personal copies of district software is not permissiblepermissible

Appropriate documentation of all software must be Appropriate documentation of all software must be maintained by the buildings or districtmaintained by the buildings or district

Scanners and CD WritersScanners and CD Writers

It is illegal to scan or alter images for the It is illegal to scan or alter images for the purpose of fraud (false ID, printing money, purpose of fraud (false ID, printing money, etc.)etc.)

It is illegal to save any copyrighted It is illegal to save any copyrighted materials in any form using district materials in any form using district equipment equipment

Copyright InformationCopyright Information

Use our library website to access these and Use our library website to access these and other links:other links: What is Copyright?What is Copyright? Copyright and Fair UseCopyright and Fair Use United States Copyright OfficeUnited States Copyright Office

This site also provides all materials This site also provides all materials presented todaypresented today

BibliographyBibliography

Althouse, Jay. Copyright: Althouse, Jay. Copyright: The complete guide for Music EducatorsThe complete guide for Music Educators. . Van Nuygs, CA: Alfred Publishing Co., Inc., 1997.Van Nuygs, CA: Alfred Publishing Co., Inc., 1997.

Bielefiled, Arlene.Bielefiled, Arlene. Technology and copyright law. Technology and copyright law. New York: Neal-New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers, 1999.Schuman Publishers, 1999.

Copyright Implementation ManualCopyright Implementation Manual. 30 May 2001. Media Technology . 30 May 2001. Media Technology Services, Groton Public Services, Groton Public Schools. 17 July 2001 Schools. 17 July 2001 <http://groton.k12.ct.us.mts.egtoc.<http://groton.k12.ct.us.mts.egtoc.

Copyright Law of the United States. Library of Congress, 15 Copyright Law of the United States. Library of Congress, 15 November 2001. November 2001. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/title17/http://www.loc.gov/copyright/title17/

Darraby, J. L. Art, artifact and architecture law. New York: Clark Darraby, J. L. Art, artifact and architecture law. New York: Clark Boardman Callaghan, 1995.Boardman Callaghan, 1995.

The Digital Millennium Copyright ActThe Digital Millennium Copyright Act. UCLA Cyberspace Law and . UCLA Cyberspace Law and Policy, 15 November 2001. Policy, 15 November 2001. http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/dmca1.htmhttp://www.gseis.ucla.edu/iclp/dmca1.htm

Bibliography cont.Bibliography cont.

Digital Millennium Copyright Act GuideDigital Millennium Copyright Act Guide. American Library . American Library Association Washington Office Newsline, 15 November 2001. Association Washington Office Newsline, 15 November 2001. Volume 7, Number 125, October 13, 1998 Volume 7, Number 125, October 13, 1998 http://www.ala.org/washoff/alawon/alwn7125.htmlhttp://www.ala.org/washoff/alawon/alwn7125.html

Federal Crime StatuesFederal Crime Statues. Laws and Texas Tech University System . Laws and Texas Tech University System Policies Affecting Computer Use, 15 November 2001. Policies Affecting Computer Use, 15 November 2001. http://www.itts.ttu.edu/documentation/lasws/lpc3.htmlhttp://www.itts.ttu.edu/documentation/lasws/lpc3.html

Lowenfeld, Viktor. Creative and mental growth. Englewood Cliffs, Lowenfeld, Viktor. Creative and mental growth. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Career and NJ: Prentice Hall Career and Technology, 1987.Technology, 1987.

McFarland, Thomas. Originality and imagination. Baltimore: John McFarland, Thomas. Originality and imagination. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1985.Hopkins University Press, 1985.

O’Mahoney, Benedict. O’Mahoney, Benedict. Usenet NewsgroupsUsenet Newsgroups. 15 November 2001. . 15 November 2001. Copyright Website Copyright Website http://www.copyrightwebsite.com/digital/usenet/usenet.asphttp://www.copyrightwebsite.com/digital/usenet/usenet.asp

Bibliography cont.Bibliography cont.

O’Mahoney, Benedict. O’Mahoney, Benedict. Website IssuesWebsite Issues. 15 November 2001. Copyright . 15 November 2001. Copyright Website Website http://www.copyrightwebsite.com/digital/webIssues/webIssues.asphttp://www.copyrightwebsite.com/digital/webIssues/webIssues.asp

Reproduction of Reproduction of Copyright Office 17 July 200 1 Copyright Office 17 July 200 1 http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright circs/ http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright circs/ Copyrighted Works by Educators Copyrighted Works by Educators and Librariansand Librarians. Circular 21. Washington, DC: United States . Circular 21. Washington, DC: United States circ21.htmlcirc21.html

Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Discourses in art. San Marino, CA: Reynolds, Sir Joshua. Discourses in art. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1959.Huntington Library, 1959.

Simpson, Carol. Copyright for schools: a Practical Guide. Simpson, Carol. Copyright for schools: a Practical Guide. Worthington, Ohio: Linworth Publishing, 2001Worthington, Ohio: Linworth Publishing, 2001

Spatt David M. Ocean State Lawyers for the Arts Arts & Law Home Spatt David M. Ocean State Lawyers for the Arts Arts & Law Home Page. 1997 Page. 1997 http://www.artslaw.org/http://www.artslaw.org/

Bibliography cont.Bibliography cont.

US Copyright Office Reproductions of Copyrighted works US Copyright Office Reproductions of Copyrighted works by Educators and Librarians, Circular Washington, DC: by Educators and Librarians, Circular Washington, DC: Library Of Congress, Library Of Congress,

Woody, III , Robert Henley and Robert Henley Woody, II. Woody, III , Robert Henley and Robert Henley Woody, II. Music Copyright Law in EducationMusic Copyright Law in Education. Bloomington, . Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1994.Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1994.

Copyright Curriculum Writing ProjectTeam

Copyright Curriculum Writing ProjectTeam

Richard Cwikla – MultimediaRichard Cwikla – Multimedia Susan Jordahl – MusicSusan Jordahl – Music Brenda Luthi – ImagesBrenda Luthi – Images Mary Soehren – Printed MaterialMary Soehren – Printed Material Peggy Spitzer – Digital MediaPeggy Spitzer – Digital Media

WFPS